Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, Their Effect on Today’s World","authors":"Jetmira Fekolli, Saimir Fekolli","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n201","url":null,"abstract":"Though they differ in many ways, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are both philosophers that in multiple ways, have contributed to modern philosophy. Today, their contribution to many well-known political issues such as the state of human nature, natural law, social contract, conflict, and civil society just to list a few, are common knowledge. This essay discourses their views, its impact on either or both themselves and the masses, and the criticisms it evoked. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123015234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Photovoltaic Technology in Albania: A Good Opportunity to Face the Energy Crisis","authors":"Luiza Lluri, Blerta Gërmenji, Eli Vyshka, Adnand Myshketa","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n203","url":null,"abstract":"Albania is a country with a great potential for solar energy due to its geographical location and favorable climate conditions. Albania's high levels of sunlight offer a chance for the nation to use PV technology to harness solar energy. Currently, the total installed capacity of solar energy in Albania is around 70 MW, which represents only a small fraction of the country's potential. Most of the existing solar power plants in Albania are small-scale installations, with a capacity of less than 5 MW. This paper will focus on the use of photovoltaic (PV) technology in Albania as a potential solution to the energy crisis that the country currently faces. Albania, like many other countries, relies heavily on imported fossil fuels for its energy needs. Due to this dependence, the country's economic growth and development are severely damaged by the oil crisis. In addition to lowering Albania's reliance on fossil fuels, the deployment of PV technology can help the country develop a sustainable and ecologically friendly energy system. The adoption of PV technology can also foster economic expansion and generate new job possibilities. The future of PV technology in Albania looks promising, as the country continues to implement policies and incentives to encourage investment in renewable energy sources. However, there are a number of obstacles to the adoption of PV technology in Albania, including poor infrastructure, a lack of funding, and low technical know-how. Participation from both, the public and business sectors as well as international organizations will be necessary to address these difficulties. The use of PV technology in Albania presents a good opportunity to address the country's energy crisis and transition towards a sustainable energy system. With proper investment and support, Albania can become a leader in solar energy in the region, creating a positive impact on the environment and the economy. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 15 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129304993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminal Offense Against Life Theoretical and Practical Aspects","authors":"Saimir Fekolli, Francesk Ganaj, Ernald Belishta","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s136","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal offenses against life represent the archetype of criminal offenses which have historically been characterized by the most highest punishment measures. The existence of legal norms which aim to protect life, in another view, oppose the \"homo homini lupus\" postulate. The reason why legislators, including the Albanians one, give special legal protection to life, focus in the fact that all other rights are its derivatives, in the absence of which they lose to act. However, despite the principle that \"it is forbidden to kill\" except in cases where there are justifying reasons (necessary protection, extreme need, exercing of a legal duty), the Albanian legislator, through the incriminating norms, has provided specific figures of criminal offenses which the group object of have the same, but due to the special relationship they aim to protect, they are categorized into special forms or special figures of criminal offenses. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124885329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kosovo's Journey Towards European Integration: Progress, Challenges, and the Way Forward","authors":"Denisa Tare","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s132","url":null,"abstract":"Kosovo, a landlocked country in the Western Balkans, declared independence from Serbia in 2008. Since then, it has been actively pursuing its European integration process to become a fully-fledged member of the European Union. The European integration process is a strategic priority for Kosovo, as it seeks to align its legal, institutional, and administrative framework standard. The process promotes democratic governance, the rule of law, human rights, and economic development. Kosovo's European integration process is guided by the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) it signed with the European Union in 2015, which sets out the framework for Kosovo's engagement with the European Union and outlines the necessary reforms and commitments for its European integration. The SAA is accompanied by several other European Union instruments and initiatives, such as the European Reform Agenda, which provides a roadmap for reforms, and the European Investment Plan, which aims to boost economic growth and investment in Kosovo. The European integration process is crucial for Kosovo's political stability, economic prosperity, and social development. It is seen as a way to strengthen the rule of law, democracy, and human rights. And to enhance Kosovo's regional cooperation and reconciliation efforts. However, Kosovo faces various challenges in its European integration process, including corruption, organized crime, weak governance, and socio-economic disparities. In this context, discussion on the necessary steps for Kosovo to continue its path towards European integration, focusing on key areas such as reforms, democratic governance, alignment with the European Union acquis, economic development, human capital, regional cooperation, administrative capacities, citizen engagement, dialogue with the European Union, and progress monitoring. By taking these steps, Kosovo can progress in its European integration process and move closer to its goal of European Union membership. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 14 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129685949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights in the Face of Global Challenges","authors":"Evelina Lusha","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s117","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights in the face of global challenges are becoming increasingly important as the world becomes ever more interconnected. The global community is facing a multitude of challenges, from climate change, wars and displacement to political instability and economic inequality. In response to these issues, the international community has renewed its focus on human rights. This renewed focus has led to an increased emphasis on the protection and promotion of fundamental rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and security of the person. At the same time, global challenges threaten to undermine the progress made in protecting human rights. For example, the displacement caused by climate change has the potential to create conditions in which human rights abuses can flourish. Similarly, economic inequalities can lead to social exclusion and discrimination. In order to protect and promote human rights in the face of these global challenges, governments must work in partnership with non-governmental organizations, civil society groups, and individuals. This collaboration should focus on strengthening existing human rights laws and creating new ones to tackle the issues of climate change, displacement, and economic inequality. In addition, governments should ensure that everyone has access to the justice system. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 18 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131018673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Beginnings of the Cold War and NATO's Approach to the Balkans","authors":"F. Iseni, Agim Jakupi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s101","url":null,"abstract":"The end of the Second World War, in addition to leaving great economic consequences and a great loss of life, also created a deep division between the Allies. This division will later create problems of different natures in the global aspect. Regardless of the influences, countries tended to side with one of two strong ideo-political blocs though Yugoslavia was also challenged in these dimensions. Its politics initially tended to be closer to the Soviet Union, but soon there would be a split aimed at political independence i.e. outside the influence of the Soviet Union. Undoubtedly, these circumstances also create security risk for Yugoslavia itself, which did not have the strength and readiness to face a military force like the Soviet Union. Yugoslav politics chose a different path, a \"silent\" cooperation with Western democracies, especially with NATO. In this context, NATO will also have special approach to the policies of Yugoslavia so that it would continue to be as far as possible from any influence of the Soviet Union. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131873116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eastern Medıterranean Energy Resources and Redetermınatıon of Regıonal Balances: Turkıye's Posıtıon","authors":"Ulviyye Aydin","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s103","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern Mediterranean energy resources are incredibly significant for the states in the region as these reserves are vital to ensure their energy security and promote economic development. Geographically bordering the region, Turkiye, Israel, Egypt, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus (GCA), Greece, Lebanon, Syria and Libya follow active policies in the Eastern Mediterranean. On the other hand, countries such as the USA, Russia, England, France and Italy try to take their position in the energy equation in the Eastern Mediterranean, although they do not have a border with the region. In this context, the world's largest energy companies focused on the region and compete with each other for a share in the energy exploration and pipeline projects there. In the Eastern Mediterranean region, which can be compared to a multivariate equation, many problems, crises and cooperation opportunities coexist due to the geopolitics of it. Europe’s intensifying energy crisis followed by the Russian-Ukrainian war added a new dimension to the current situation in the region. It seems that the energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean will redetermine the balance of power in the regions. Using literature review as a research methodology, the aim of this paper is to analyze Turkiye’s position in the process of redistribution of cards in the region. The data will be collected using various methods, including a review of the academic studies, public documents and statistics, interviews and official declarations of the authorities. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122078748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology of Attention Deficit in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Role of Neuroscientific Literature Reviews","authors":"Elisabeta Kafia, S. Ibrahimi, Ervin Ibrahimi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s110","url":null,"abstract":"As mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) (APA, 2013), the main features of Autism Spectrum Disorder include (a) the presence of abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication, and (b) the presence of activities /interests/restricted and stereotyped behaviors (APA-DSM-5, 2013). Manifestations of the disorder vary based on the individual's developmental level (DL/IQ) and chronological age. In most cases, the diagnosis of ASD is accompanied by mental retardation, usually of moderate severity. About 75% of children with ASD show abnormalities in cognitive development regardless of the general level of intelligence (Armstrong, 2017; Shyman, 2016; Shic, & Scassellati, 2006). \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 19 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122852829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trafficking in Human Beings and Sexual Trafficking of Children as a Form of it","authors":"Ingrida Mustafa Behri, Lira Spiro","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s102","url":null,"abstract":"Research on human trafficking has attracted increasing attention since the early 1980s and is extremely important as it highlights the problems and through it identifies the appropriate ways that can provide solutions. The object of this paper is the treatment of trafficking in human beings and in particular will focus on the sexual trafficking of minors. This topic is very current not only in Albania but also in the international arena (due to it’s nature) and requires the commitment of all states and international organizations to combat human trafficking and protect victims of trafficking as part of the field of human rights. Therefore, this topic is covered in section I of this conference. The research questions of this paper are: what does trafficking in human beings involve, what are the needs of the victims, what is the exploitation and sexual abuse of children, what are the consequences that trafficking leaves on children and why children are recruited. Numerous studies and studies have concluded that trafficking represents \"a denial of the individual's rights to freedom, integrity, security and freedom of movement\" Victims of human trafficking need, among other things, emotional support , family, health care and especially for reintegration into society. On the other hand, child sexual exploitation is a form of human trafficking and consists of adult sexual abuse and monetary or in-kind reward for the child or a third person or persons. and it is precisely the commercial element that separates sexual exploitation from other sexual crimes.Juveniles are recruited more easily because small victims are the most optimal, useful and lower cost, they are easy to be guided by traffickers and slave owners and to adapt to the new situation. Current studies show that some effects of Sex trafficking is sexually transmitted diseases, diseases and other infections, physical harm, substance abuse and malnutrition. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 18 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127231152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Human Rights","authors":"Sonila Guzina, Edvana Tiri","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n1s127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s127","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights are understood as rights that belong to every individual as a consequence of being human, regardless of legal acts. By affirming the existence of human rights, we say that every human being, by the very fact that he or she is such, is entitled to something. The modern concept of human rights is rooted in experiences of \"legal illegality\" when crimes were committed under the authority of the law and when some human beings were denied such status. These rights are defined as those rights that are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings. Basic human rights and freedoms give us the opportunity to fully develop and use our human qualities, our intelligence, our consciousness, and fulfill our demands. The issue of human rights has received a great deal of attention. Today, the violation of human rights is taken seriously by international bodies and most countries have their own legislation to guarantee the protection and implementation of human rights. Human rights are closely related to the state's obligation to protect and promote them. Putting the state in their focus refers to the governing model, the state is the main actor, the responsible and responsible entity for the promotion of human rights and freedoms. In fact, the obligation and role of the state does not consist only in a passive position to promote them, but at the same time, it also has as a duty and as a primary obligation the undertaking of actions to guarantee and protect human rights and freedoms through policies active. The issue of human rights has attracted the attention of many people. As a legal category, human rights are presented in the creation of the first legal rules, where these give us the opportunity to develop and fully use our qualities and fulfill our requirements. The most effective protection of human rights is through state public institutions, where the state has the most powerful monopoly of force through which it can realize political goals and ideas, The aspiration to protect human dignity represents the essence of the concept of human rights. This aspiration puts the human being at the center of interest, where it is based on the common universal system of values committed to the right to life, as an inviolable right, and provides a framework for building the system of human rights. to man.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135542601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}