Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Implications of Social Media and Web 2.0 on Democracy: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"Kelmend Nezha, Nertil Bërdufi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n208","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the profound impact of Web 2.0 technologies and social media platforms on democratic processes. By exploring the effects of new internet communication methods, it delves into the ongoing debates surrounding their implications. The role of social media in political communication is critically examined, shedding light on the key principles and debates shaping this domain. Additionally, the article explores the redefinition of policies towards personalized politics in response to the transformative power of social media. Furthermore, the article investigates the potential influences of social media on political participation, unveiling a multifaceted landscape. It addresses the intricate relationship between social media and political communication, delves into the quality of discourse facilitated by these platforms, and explores the impact on political activism. Moreover, it examines the emergence of political consumerism and its interplay with social media, along with the effects on elected representatives and the representation they provide. Lastly, it explores the implications of social media on public opinion and political actions. By providing a comprehensive summary of diverse perspectives on the role of social media, this article contributes to the broader understanding of its intricate relationship with democracy. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of comprehending the complex dynamics between technology, politics, and society in the context of Web 2.0 and social media. Recognizing the threats and promises posed by these platforms is crucial for effectively navigating the democratic challenges and opportunities of the digital age. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128541324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Civilian Participation and its Implications: A Case Study on the Inclusion of Syria's Civilian Population in the Context of Violence","authors":"Nertil Bërdufi, Kelmend Nezha","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n209","url":null,"abstract":"The Syrian conflict has evolved into a brutal civil war with widespread human rights violations. This paper examines the key drivers of the conflict, specifically focusing on the level of violence against civilians. The conflict in Syria originated from protests against the government, triggered by the harsh crackdown on demonstrators. The paper highlights the role of violence as a strategy employed by both the Syrian regime and opposition forces, resulting in significant civilian casualties and displacement. The violence has escalated due to the militarization of the opposition and the regime's attempts to regain control. Sectarian divisions, exacerbated by historical tensions and the impact of global warming, have further contributed to the conflict. The paper emphasizes the importance of the rule of law in preventing, mitigating, and resolving conflicts. Weak governance, lack of respect for human rights, and failure to respond peacefully to civilian protests have fueled grievances and the rise of extremist groups. Strengthening civil society and promoting good governance are crucial to reducing the risk of conflicts and civil war. The paper concludes that a unified Syrian opposition and a government without any influence are vital steps towards resolving the conflict, alongside international intervention and support. Upholding the rule of law and protecting the rights and freedoms of civilians are essential for restoring peace and stability in Syria. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 21 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125418475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber Security in the Maritime Transport","authors":"O. Metalla, Alma Golgota, Kapiten Shpëtim Pupa, Eduart Ndokaj, Pranvera Beqiraj, Elson Thana, Artion Beqiraj, Uendi Çerma","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n210","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime transport is an essential element for the economic sustainability of many regions around the world, including Albania. Especially for the countries that have access to the sea, maritime transport is the backbone of domestic and international trade. One of the challenges faced by this sector is the protection from threats and cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks can lead to major environmental or economic disaster, even being able to cause loss of human life. Also, technological changes are being implemented by shipping companies more slowly compared to other manufacturing sectors. Therefore, this sector is easily attacked in this direction. The purpose of this study is to present the consequences of cyber-attacks on maritime transport through a map of current cyber security provisions on ships and in ports. Regarding this, the purpose of the research in this study is related to the conference topics regarding technology and information and navigation sciences. The methodology used in this scientific research is based on published literature that enables a mapping of modern methods and analysis, interpretation, and implications of cyber security within the maritime industry. Major results and implications of the study regards suggestions on raising cyber security capacities against cyber threats for the realization of safe and modern port activities. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 20 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129815477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Provisions on Paying for Overtime Work to Employees in the Ministry of Interior Affairs of Republic of North Macedonia","authors":"Aleksandar Petkovski, Hava Rexhepi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n204","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of ill implementation of legal provision pertaining the rights of civil servants is a frequent practice in North Macedonia. Our research is focusing on investigating the allegations for a large-scale breaching of the existing regulation on paying the employees of the Ministry of Interior Affairs i.e., the Police, for the overtime work. We have singled out a total number of 1257 lawsuits filed against the Ministry in the last seven years and performed an in-depth analysis of 41 cases filed against the Ministry by their employees from the Skopje Police Department. We’ve carried out interviews with representatives of the Police Syndicate, representatives from the Ministry and the judiciary. The results revealed that a systematic breaching and nonpaying for the overtime work were in place, exacerbated by retributive actions against those employees who would dare to seek justice in court. The Police Syndicate is encouraging and providing legal counsel to those who decide to take legal actions, and the justice system is showing consistency in ruling against the Ministry in cases where the Ministry failed to remunerate its employees for the overtime work, but the court trials are taking much longer than the legally envisaged framework of 6 months. The outcomes from the legal actions against the Ministry resulted in significant financial loses, and yet no one bore any political or legal responsibility thus far. Based on our findings we will urge the Oversight Committee in the Parliament of North Macedonia to take actions in direction of stopping the practice of not paying to the employees for the overtime work. We will bring to attention to the Ministry of Interior that we and other colleagues from the scientific community are willing to assist in designing instruments and conducting trainings for the commanding officers in order to help them manage the working time of the employees under their command efficiently and within the legally envisaged time frame for work. The research is confluent to the conference topic from the aspect of promoting the adherence to respecting the labor related rights of employees of the public administration as one of the preconditions toward stability and security of the state governing apparatus. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 12 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130502179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Bioactive Components from Helichrysim Arenarium","authors":"Drita Abazi Bajrami, M. Marinkovski, K. Lisichkov, Stefan Kuvendziev","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n202","url":null,"abstract":"The raw material Helichrysum is used for the treatment of various pathological conditions in folk and modern medicine, for the treatment of tropical infections, respiratory diseases and as a detoxifying herbal medicine. Extraction is the most appropriate method for separating the active ingredients from plant materials. Separated bioactive components are mostly used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. For this purpose, ethanol with different initial alcohol concentration was used as a working solvent: 55%, 70% and 96%, petroleum ether, methanol and methylene chloride. The ethanol solution is prepared from 96% ethanol and deionized water. Calculations were made of the total extract obtained with Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of working parameters on the extraction process of working natural material (Helichrysum arenarium). The following separation procedures are applied for the extraction of the working raw material: solid-liquid conventional Soxhlet extraction and unconventional ultrasonic extraction. The plant extracts from this plant have various benefits, like skin care, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122405477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of European Identity on Integration Efforts","authors":"Doris Malaj","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n213","url":null,"abstract":"The EU's recurrent crises underline its complex and debated nature. Truly grasping its intricacies is key to understanding the tie between European identity and integration. Central to the discourse are questions on whether a shared European identity influences member selection or if the emphasis is on upholding democratic values. Academic discussions have often overlooked a holistic examination of integration processes, treating EU expansions as standalone events without delving deep into the relationship between integration and European identity. This paper posits that the absence of a unified European identity, and subsequently, citizens' disassociation from Europe and its political structures, steers the course of integration, potentially causing stagnation or progression. It seeks to unravel: the nature of EU expansion, the current meaning of European identity versus EU identity, and the influence of identity (or its absence) on integration. Concludingly, it suggests that the EU identity's role in integration is a balance between constructivism and rationalism. Support for the EU seems rooted in citizens' perceived overarching benefits, encompassing peace, democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.   Received: 05 May 2023 / Accepted: 21 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Based Learning Management System: A Decision Approach via Fuzzy Z-AHP","authors":"Daniela Halidini Qendraj, E. Xhafaj, R. Kosova, N. Gjikaj","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n212","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the evolution of the technologies regarding the online learning has influenced the field of education. The acceptance of a new technology is evaluated according the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2). The main aim of the study is to estimate the impact that has each of the constructs of the model UTAUT2 related with the behavioural intention of using a cloud based learning platform. The decision making methodology proposed in this study is fuzzy analytical hierarchic process with Z-numbers (Fuzzy Z-AHP). The data were collected through a survey of 400 samples from students of the University “Aleksander Moisiu” of Durres during 2020-2022. The findings of the research concluded that the most important construct of UTAUT2 is Habit. The findings help higher education policymakers to make better decisions related with the factors that influence most the cloud based learning management platform. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128353567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homomorphism in Weakly Γ-Ring","authors":"Orgest Beqiri","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n211","url":null,"abstract":"Many algebraic structures have been defined so far. One of them, is that of Γ-ring, which is a generalization of ring. Weakening some of the conditions of the definition of Γ-ring, it has also been defined the concept of weakly Γ-ring. An important and well-known concept for every algebraic structure is homomorphism. In this paper, the concept of homomorphism in weakly Γ-ring is introduced. Further, some simple results analogous to the theory of rings, related to this concept are extended. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students - Teachers of the Future, Citizenship, and Inclusive Rights in Education","authors":"Lindita Lutaj, Ambera Duka","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n206","url":null,"abstract":"The demand of equipping students with knowledge, skills, expression, attitudes, and values that aim to prepare them as future teachers in the exercise and protection of rights and responsibilities in society, In Albanian universities, is increasing. The study was conducted with 90 students of the Professional Master's program \"Elementary Education\" and the Bachelor's program \"Pre-School Education\" at the Faculty of Education, Aleksandër Moisiu University in Durrës. The aim of this study is to assess the students' evaluation of programs that contribute to their civic development and prepare them for roles and responsibilities in society as teachers who will work in inclusive education and training of younger generations. The study methodology is based on reviewing the literature in the field, analysing the questionnaire responses from the students, and processing the data collected from the focus group conducted with the students. The study revealed that the university program places importance on the civic education and formation of students through the courses offered in this field. It was evident that teaching has improved in the level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the students. The establishment of a fair balance between theoretical information and practical activities is considered important. The study confirmed that the role of the teacher is crucial in the civic education and formation of students. The significance of this study lies in increasing students' confidence in their roles and responsibilities as future teachers, strengthening their role in safeguarding and respecting the rights of children, particularly those with disabilities, and promoting freedom of speech and respect for human dignity. The inclusion of civic education and human rights courses in all programs of the Faculty of Education, which prepares teachers, was seen as a necessity by all students. This is because, after completing this faculty, they will be in contact with students, which will enable the enhancement of students' benefits and their preparation as worthy citizens of a democratic society. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125801994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media and Communication Strategies for Conflict Prevention and Resolution","authors":"Blerina Gjerazi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv10n207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n207","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been a growing focus on the function of media and communication tactics in fostering conflict prevention and resolution. Recognized as a potential tool for promoting discourse, trust-building, and understanding between groups in conflict, the media helps to bring people together. The development of media diversity and pluralism is a crucial component of successful media and communication strategies for conflict avoidance and resolution. According to research, independent media sources give a forum for different viewpoints to be aired, fostering trust and encouraging community engagement. Furthermore, digital media platforms have opened up new channels for communication and information exchange, but they also need to be carefully regulated to stop the spread of hate speech and fake information. Another crucial element of media and communication strategies for conflict prevention and resolution is conversation and the promotion of intercultural understanding. Media outlets can contribute to the building of bridges and the promotion of understanding by providing chances for members of other communities to interact and share their viewpoints. In areas afflicted by conflict, encouraging accountability and openness is also crucial. Independent media outlets may be crucial in holding governments and other stakeholders responsible for their activities and in exposing corruption and violations of human rights. Media and communication techniques can help foster good governance by fostering accountability and openness. Analyzing three case studies in Albania, including the “Media for Diversity and Dialogue” project, BIRN Albania investigative journalism outlet, and the use of social media and citizen journalism during the 2015 protests, this paper concludes that media and communication strategies prioritizing media pluralism and diversity, intercultural dialogue, accountability, and transparency can effectively contribute to conflict prevention and resolution. However, the use of digital media platforms presents new opportunities for effective communication strategies, but also requires careful regulation to mitigate the spread of hate speech and misinformation. \u0000  \u0000Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130771032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}