International Blood Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Association of H. pylori with Serum Iron Levels and Some Risk Factors in Children Aged 1-12 Years Attending the Buea Regional Hospital","authors":"Akwo Mekalo Nya-Nweme, J. Enoh, B. Pokam, B. T. Fominyam, J. Assob","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2021/v13i130162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2021/v13i130162","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a very common human infection worldwide, colonizing the stomach of 50% of the world’s population. H. pylori play a major role in the development of iron deficiency, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is more prevalent in developing countries and its acquisition is predominant in childhood. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HP and its association with serum iron levels in children aged 1-12 years attending the Buea Regional Hospital. \u0000Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study involving 189 children. About 2 mL venous blood was collected and analyzed using immunoassay diaspot one step H. pylori Test Device and spectrophotometers to determine H. pylori immunoglobulin G and serum iron level respectively. Chi-square and Odd ratio test were used to determine the association at 95% confidence interval. \u0000Results: A prevalence of 31.7% (60/189) and 47.1% (73/155) for H. pylori and low serum iron level was observed respectively. There was significantly associated between H. pylori and serum iron levels, with majority (60% (36/60)) of the HP positive participants having normal iron level 60% (36/60) (P=0.007 χ2=9.91). A significant association was also observed between HP and Anemia, with majority (41.67% (25/60)) of those positive for HP experienced mild anemia (P=0.009 χ2=11.55). H. pylori was more prevalent among males 38.04% (35/92) compared to 25.77% (25/97) for females. \u0000Conclusion: This study recorded 31.7% and 47.1% prevalence of H. pylori and low serum iron level respectively, in the studied population. Male gender was most likely to be infected with H. pylori infection and children of age group 5 ≤ - < 9 years recorded the highest HP infection. There was significantly associated between H. pylori and serum iron levels, as well as H. pylori and type of anemia, although majority of H. pylori positive individuals had high serum iron level and mild anemia. This may imply that HP remains one of many risk factors or comorbidities of anemia and abnormal iron levels.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78290944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Methods for COVID-19 Diagnosis","authors":"Jonathan, Nyebuchi, Roseline Emeji, K. Eedee","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2021/v13i130160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2021/v13i130160","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. Covid-19 infection occurs due to an RNA virus which is single-stranded, called SARS-CoV-2; this virus is similar to SARS-CoV. This review throws light on the available laboratory techniques used for testing coronavirus. Certain challenges are encountered during the development of a diagnostic test for a novel pathogen, which depends on sensitivity of the method, that is, the potential in detecting very low pathogen level for early laboratory diagnosis, produce little or no interference with other strains of the virus, and produce results rapidly. Since the time of incubation and clinical manifestation of the infection are relatively the same with SARS, the widespread and effect of COVID-19 globally serve as the basis why the development of quick and reliable laboratory methods are necessary. Samples that could be collected for covid-19 testing includes blood (especially for screening purpose), nasal and throat swab. Currently, the gold standard method for laboratory diagnosis of Covid-19 infection is RT-PCR, which serves as a confirmatory method for Covid-19 testing. EIA and SVN laboratory techniques are other techniques used in detecting the viral infection. In addition, Rapid Diagnostic Testing (RDT) are currently developed for point-of-care testing, and often used as a screening method of Covid-19 infections. Early detection of the virus remains the primary focus for the treatment and control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this review was aimed at the available laboratory methods used in the diagnosis for coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90541228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Markers in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Petrol and Petroleum Products","authors":"Anya Ojiugo Hannah, Nwachuku Edna Ogechi, A. Hellen, Bartimaeus, Ebirien-Agana Samuel","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2021/v12i430159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2021/v12i430159","url":null,"abstract":"Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, between April 2018 and June 2018. \u0000Methodology: A total of 204 samples comprising of 123 auto-mechanics and 81 non -auto-mechanics were assayed. Detailed information of the bio-data of the subjects including age, gender, medical history, health information and lifestyle were obtained from each participant. Blood samples were collected from for the analysis of inflammation markers, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were determined using standard methods and techniques. The effect of age and duration of exposure on the inflammation parameters were considered.  Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1, developed by SAS Institute, North Carolina State University, USA was used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, comparison of means of groups that are more than two was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey test of multiple comparison was used to test for variance within and across groups. \u0000Results: There was significant increase in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in the exposed subjects (p <0.05) compared with the control subjects There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in the means of IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the age groups of the exposed and the control subjects. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the groups, based on duration of exposure. This suggests that the toxic effect does not depend on the age or duration of exposure but on other factors for the automechanics in Aba.  \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that the exposure of automechanics may significantly increase the serum IL-6 TNF-α and Hs-CRP levels. Increase in the serum levels of the inflammation markers is predictive of the danger of future pathology in automechanics compared with non automechanics in Aba metropolis. Age and duration did not influence significant variation in the automechanics.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83262584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19- is it Time to Say Goodbye? A Single-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study from Northern India","authors":"R. Setia, Mitu Dogra, Gokhula Prasath Thangavel, R. Yadav, A. Rahman, A. Bhasin, R. Pande, Sandeep Nayar, R. Singal, A. Vardani, D. Pande, R. Saini, Tribhuvan Gulati, Vindu Prakash Singh, S. Kalra, Gagan Anand, M. Garg, S. Ghai, N. Agarwal","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2021/v12i430158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2021/v12i430158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 pandemic continues threatening the world with no effective treatment to tackle the menace. Till date, there is conflicting evidence on efficacy of CP in reducing COVID-19 related mortality. The objective of this study was to see disease progression and 7, 14 and 28-day mortality after CP therapy and analyze CP efficacy with/without Remdesivir. \u0000Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-centre observational study done from August 20, 2020, to 20 November 2020. Records of 294 COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease given CP therapy were analysed based on disease progression and length of hospital stay, further subcategorized on age, clinical profile, risk factors, ward/ICU, ventilatory support and co-administration of Remdesivir. \u0000Results: Lowest 7-day mortality rate was seen within age group 20-40 years (0%) and was highest in ≥61 years (24.3%). 87 patients on ventilatory support showed higher 28day mortality (48.28%) compared to non-ventilated (10.14%), (P<0.00001). Lesser 7-day mortality was seen in early CP therapy ≤3 days of admission (P=0.01). Patients requiring ICU admission showed higher 14 and 28-day mortality compared to ward P=0.001%). Median (IQR) length of hospital stay from CP transfusion was shorter, 4 (3 to 9) days in group 2 (CP only) compared to 7 (4 to 12) days in group1 (CP+Remdesivir ). \u0000Conclusion: CP therapy in ≤3 days of hospital admission in COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe infection not on ventilatory support showed reduction in mortality and length of hospital stay. Length of hospital stay was shorter in the CP-only group as compared to the CP+ Remdesivir group.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77963708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and COVID-19 in Mexico","authors":"P. Martinez, J. Flores, J. Vidal","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330153","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and COVID-19. Study Design: Prospective, analytical and relational. Place and Duration of Study: Hematology department, Hospital of Specialties, High Specialty Medical Unit, National Medical Center \"Gral. Manuel Avila Camacho\", Puebla, Mexico, during the period June 2020-April 2021 Methodology: Patients aged 15 to 64 years, both sexes, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR. The variables included were; sex, age (groups: 15-20; 21-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; and 60-64), comorbidities, general treatment and hematological treatment response. Survival was determined for the diagnosis of COVID-19 for 11 months, using Original Research Article Martinez et al.; IBRR, 12(3): 32-39, 2021; Article no.IBRR.68658 33 the Kaplan Meier estimator and the Log-Rak test; Cox regression model (univariate and multivariate); as well as Chi square and V-Cramer with a 95% confidence interval and using the statistical program SPSS Ver. 25. Results: The study consisted of 20 patients, of which 33.3% were women, with an average age of 37.75 ± 11.63 years; The men registered an age of 28.50 ± 18.05 years. Overall survival was 50%, with a lower limit of 101.3 and an upper limit of 242.5 days, with a mean of 171.9 days; and median at 17 days. No significant differences were found in survival regarding sex, comorbidities, general treatment and hematological response. However, mortality in patients with comorbidities was higher (p = 0.051). Conclusion: Survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and COVID-19 is low, due to complications that increase mortality, mainly owing to hematological suppression, and even more so with the presence of comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83992793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Gene Frequencies of Human Platelet Alloantigens in Rivers-State, Nigeria Based on ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups Distribution","authors":"J. E. Wenah-Emmanuel, E. Eze, E. O. Nwachuku, E. Wenah, Z. Jeremiah","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330152","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the Gene Frequencies of Human Platelet Alloantigens in Rivers-State, Nigeria based on ABO/Rhesus blood groups distribution Study Design: A randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University Medical Centre, Port Harcourt, Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Enugu State, Justcare clinical laboratory Port Harcourt Rivers State and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between October 2019 and March 2020. Methodology: The subjects consisted of apparently healthy individuals who were of Rivers State origin totaling 104 persons aged 17 to 42 years. They were under-graduate and post graduate students of Rivers State University of Port Harcourt. Five major ethnic groups were considered which included Ikwerre, Ogoni, Ijaw, Etche and Ogba. Their demographic information was collected using a sample register and a questionnaire. Samples were collected from the antecubital vein. 10ml of blood was collected, 5ml was transferred into EDTA sample bottle (Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid) while 2ml was dispensed into plain bottle and labeled accordingly. Serological testing Original Research Article Wenah-Emmanuel et al.; IBRR, 12(3): 23-31, 2021; Article no.IBRR.68552 24 including HIV (RVS) screening, HBsag, HCV and VDRL were all as part of the inclusion criteria immediately after samples were collected. The remaining sample was analyzed using genotyping of Human Platelet Antigens by High Resolution Melting Curve Analysis Polymerase Chain Reaction (HRM-PCR), while tile method also known as forward/cell grouping method which is based on haem-agglutination reaction was used for ABO/Rh blood grouping. The melt curve analysis was done using the MicPCR software while the frequency analysis was done using Number Cruncher Statistical Software (NCSS) Version 13. GraphPad Prism Version 8.0.2 was used to determine the statistical significance between the various HPA genotypes and the ethnic groups and p-values of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results were presented in percentages, mean+/standard deviation and in tables Results: The results showed that the A blood group had highest frequencies of 19.2% and 17.7% for HPA-5 b/b and HPA-4 a/a, while the least was 0.8% each for HPA-3 a/a, HPA-4 b/b and HPA-5. For blood group B, the highest were 20.0% (HPA-5 b/b) and 16.7% (HPA-3 b/b), and the least were 5.0% each for HPA-1 b/b and HPA-4 a/b, while blood group B had highest frequencies for HPA-1 a/a, HPA-2 b/b, HPA-3 b/b, HPA-4 a/b and HPA-5 b/b (20.0% each). The blood group O + HPA gene patterns had their highest values at 19.7% (HPA-5 b/b), 16.5% (HPA-4 a/a) and 13.7% (HPA-3 b/b) and the least was 7.9% (HPA-1 a/b), while for the blood group O , the highest was observed for HPA-3 b/b and HPA-5 b/b (20.0% each) and the least for HPA-1 a/a and a/b, HPA-2 a/b and b/b, and HPA-4 a/b and b/b (10.0% each). Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude that A blood group had ","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83823762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation: Four Chemiluminescent SARS-Cov-2 Immunoassays and Rapid-Card Test in Mild Disease and Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 in Frontline Healthcare Workers","authors":"R. Setia, Mitu Dogra, A. Handoo, Gokhula Prasath Thangavel, R. Yadav, P. Barman, R. Kapoor, A. Rahman","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330151","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/v12i330151 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Juan Carlos Troiano, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. (2) Dr. Dharmesh Chandra Sharma, J. A. Groups of Hospital and G. R. Medical College, India, (3) Dr. Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Reviewers: (1) Suman Pal, University of New Mexico, USA. (2) Kindu Alem, Woldia University, Ethiopia. (3) Rachid Ait Addi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco. (4) Rizka Ayu Setyani, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/67572","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82590567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in an Adolescent Girl: A Case Report and Clinico-Pathologic Review","authors":"Neelum Mansoor, N. Jabbar, Hamza Khan, Ameerah Shaikh, S. Jamal","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I330150","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in pediatric age is rare in the literature. It is a common disease of older adults, characterized by clonal proliferation and progressive accumulation of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytes. The diagnosis is established by immunophenotyping and prognosis is defined by staging system (Rai and Binet), as well as by several biological and genetic markers. We report a case of CLL diagnosed in an adolescent girl presented at 16 years of age. The case is being reported to improve awareness regarding this rare entity in children. \u0000Case Presentation: A 16 year old female presented with fever, weight loss and cervical lymphadenopathy. After baseline workup, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow biopsy along with immunohistochemistry and flowcytometry on peripheral blood was performed to establish the diagnosis. The clinico-pathologic features including extensive immunophenotyping were consistent with CLL. \u0000Discussion: Management guidelines for older adults are very well established but no standardized protocol exists for pediatric age group. We offered her Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide as first line regimen and she responded well and achieved remission after four cycles. Unfortunately disease relapsed within two years. At this time, determination of optimum therapeutic protocol was a unique challenge as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) was not available at our institute. \u0000Conclusion: CLL is an extremely rare malignancy in childhood and adolescence. Therefore age specific treatment protocols are not established. Reporting this case will help in eliciting the high index of suspicion among pathologists and oncologists for this exceptionally unusual and life threatening disease so that delays can be avoided.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86960997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Antioxidant Enzymes, Haematological Values and Uric Acid Concentrations in Prostatic Disease Patients: An Investigative Study","authors":"Agbugba N. Agnes, Ohaeri O. Christopher, Ijioma N. Solomon, Robert Ikechukwu Uroko, Achi K. Ngozi, Nwaogazi N. Edith","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230149","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In this study, the haematology, serum antioxidant enzymes, and uric acid concentrations in prostatic disease patients attending the Nephrology Department of Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba were evaluated. Methodology: A total of one hundred and ten (110) adult males (aged 40-80 years) comprising of sixty (60) prostatic disease patients and 50 normal subjects were recruited. The prostatic disease patients comprised of 30 prostatitis, 20 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), and 10 prostate cancer patients. Haematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, and uric acid concentration were Original Research Article Agnes et al.; IBRR, 12(2): 31-38, 2021; Article no.IBRR.61400 32 determined on blood samples collected from the subjects between January 2017 and December 2019. Results: Results obtained following analysis indicated a significant fall in red blood cell count, haematocrit levels and haemoglobin concentrations in all the prostatic disease patients when compared with control subjects (p<0.05) but no significant difference was observed between the values of these parameters in the three categories of patients studied (p>0.05). Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in the patients also did not significantly differ from those of the control subjects (p>0.05) but platelets counts were significantly lower (p<0.05). Significant elevations were observed in monocytes and granulocytes counts of prostatitis and prostate cancer patients (p<0.05). Serum antioxidant enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were lower in the prostatic disease patients than in the control (p<0.05) with SOD and GPx levels being lowest in prostatitis and prostate cancer patients respectively while serum uric acid concentration was only higher than control in the prostatitis patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: We, therefore, conclude that complications and deaths due to prostatic diseases may be due to the systemic effects of anaemia and fall in the body’s antioxidant defense line accompanying the conditions.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84851582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Students and the Level of Their Knowledge on Normal Flora: Results from an Electronic Questionnaire Conducted in a Private Medical School","authors":"F. E. Siagian, L. S. Sunarti","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230148","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: So far, study on medical student’s knowledge regarding human normal flora is not available in the internet. Normal flora is initially beneficial for their host, but what was once part of the normal flora can later become dangerous to their host, e.g become the agent of endogenous disease. The knowledge regarding normal flora is important for medical students, because it related with many aspects of their recent and future education and trainings, especially in the clinical phase. The aim of this simple cross sectional, questionnaire based study is to measure the level of knowledge regarding normal flora. Study Design: Cross sectional, electronic questionnaire-based survey Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia and conducted for 1 month (March 2021). Short Research Article Siagian and Sunarti; IBRR, 12(2): 24-30, 2021; Article no.IBRR.67884 25 Methodology: The questionnaire is divided into two parts, the demographic section and the knowledge section that consist 20 question regarding normal flora. By using popular social media, WhatsAppTM, survey conducted to all of our medical students. Results: 628 students responded, and they were representing the class of 2014-2020, 190 male students and 438 females with mean age 20.16 years old (min. 16 and max 25). The result showed us that the level of knowledge is good and but the level of understanding regarding normal flora also gets better as they become senior students. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of our students regarding normal flora is good, although it still needs to be improved continuously.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79409607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}