Integrative zoology最新文献

{"title":"Linking Ecological and Biogeographical Traits to Body Length and Dietary Breadth in Snakes.","authors":"Xinru Wan, Wei She, Chenghao Liu, Guangping Huang, Guoliang Li, He Zhang, Jianjun Liu, Fuwen Wei","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body size and dietary breadth are important for understanding animal evolution and adaptation. Snakes, as ecologically diverse predators with wide variation in morphology, reproduction, and diet, provide an excellent species group to explore how venom, reproductive mode, and biogeographical traits shape the evolution of ecological traits and dietary breadth. In this study, we compiled a global dataset of 4190 snake species and applied phylogenetically informed models to examine how traits such as venom, litter size, reproductive mode, and biogeographical characteristics across their geographic ranges (temperature, precipitation, and NDVI) influence body size and dietary breadth. We found that larger body size was consistently associated with greater dietary breadth, larger litter sizes, warmer climate, and higher vegetation. Dietary breadth, as an ecological outcome shaped by intrinsic functional traits, increased with venom, higher litter size, colder climate, and broader range size, though these effects varied across genera. Trait-function relationships were also influenced by ecological conditions: Body size increased more pronouncedly with both higher dietary breadth and vegetation in invertebrate-aquatic predators; the reduction in dietary breadth associated with warmer climates was more pronounced in open-canopy than forest-dwelling species. These findings show that ecological factors drive trait evolution in snakes by influencing body size and shaping dietary breadth. Our results could provide implications for snake conservation under global change by identifying trait combinations (e.g., small body size, narrow dietary breadth, limited range) that may increase vulnerability to climate-driven range shifts and help prioritize vulnerable lineages for conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Diversity Patterns in Anurans Are Determined by Terrestrial and Arboreal Species.","authors":"Pingfan Wei, Xu Luo, Marcio R Pie, Phuping Sucharitakul, Weiwei Zhou, Zhiyong Yuan","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the mechanisms shaping biodiversity distribution patterns is essential in ecology, and species distributions are closely influenced by environmental factors. Previous studies have often focused on taxonomic levels, potentially overlooking important within-group ecological variations. Anurans, with six distinct ecotypes, each occupying unique habitats, serve as an ideal model to examine how environmental factors shape these ecotype-specific distributions. Here, we investigated the global distribution and environmental determinants of anuran ecotypes to reveal diversity patterns, assess their contributions to overall anuran richness, and identify key environmental drivers. Using microhabitat and geographic data from 6088 anuran species, we mapped the richness and relative richness of each ecotype and evaluated the correlation between ecotype distributions and overall anuran diversity. We further used a random forest model to analyze the impact of environmental factors on the distribution patterns of each ecotype. The results showed significant diversity and distributional differences across ecotypes. Terrestrial and arboreal species, comprising 38.44% and 41.19% of total richness, respectively, contributed strongly to anuran diversity patterns (correlation up to 0.96), while other ecotypes showed weaker correlations. The impacts of environmental factors varied across ecotypes and even had contrasting effects among them. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for ecotype differences within taxa to accurately understand biodiversity distribution patterns, as environmental influences on anuran diversity are strongly ecotype-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative PCR Analysis of Haemosporidian Infection Intensity in a Temperate Bird Community.","authors":"Alžbeta Šujanová, Eva Špitalská, Radovan Václav","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.13031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian haemosporidians are vector-borne parasites with complex transmission dynamics influenced by host ecology and environmental factors. Both prevalence and parasitemia are key measures in host-parasite studies. While prevalence reflects the proportion of infected individuals in a population, parasitemia provides insights into the intensity of infection within hosts, offering a different but complementary perspective. In this study, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to investigate seasonal and interannual variation in haemosporidian infection intensity among 266 individuals from six bird species in a temperate woodland in Slovakia over 3 years (2017-2019). We focused on the four most abundant taxonomic groups: Erithacus rubecula, Sylvia atricapilla, two parid species (Parus major, Cyanistes caeruleus), and two turdid species (Turdus merula, T. philomelos). Our results revealed distinct, taxon-specific seasonal trajectories. Turdid species showed similar unimodal summer peaks, whereas parids lacked early spring infections and exhibited a steady decline from summer to autumn. E. rubecula demonstrated a gradual increase across the season, while S. atricapilla showed a bimodal pattern with peaks in late spring and early autumn. Spring intensities were highest in 2017-2018, likely due to relapse or new infections, and lowest in 2019, coinciding with warmer and wetter conditions. These findings highlight how seasonal variation in environmental conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, interacts with host life history to shape infection intensity patterns. Our study emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological context with molecular tools to better understand haemosporidian dynamics in wild bird populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treasure Chest in the Taxonomic Collection: Molecular Characterization and Redescription of Haemoproteus handai, with Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of Haemosporidian Parasites of Parrots (Psittaciformes).","authors":"Mélanie Duc, Tatjana Iezhova, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Irène Landau, Linda Duval","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.13023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many species of avian haemosporidian parasites have been described before molecular assessment of the infections became available. This created a discrepancy between the number of parasite species described (∼300) and the available molecular information (∼5100 lineages), with numerous morphospecies having no molecular characterization and vice versa. Lethal disease was previously reported in parrots due to the abortive development of Haemoproteus species in muscular tissues. However, the disease etiology on the parasite species levels remains insufficiently understood. This study developed molecular characterization and redescription of Haemoproteus handai Maqsood, 1943 from a blossom-headed parakeet (Psittacula roseata Biwas, 1951) sampled in Thailand (1979) and deposited at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris, France. Blood smears and histological preparations were screened, and the cryopreserved blood was used for DNA extraction and PCR tests. The host species was confirmed, and a new cytochrome b lineage hPSIROS01 was found and attributed to H. handai. Tissue stages were present in the muscular tissues of the pectoral muscles, heart, and tongue. Parrot parasite lineages appeared in different clusters. Haemoproteus species present in the cluster with hPSIROS01 also developed tissue stages mostly in muscular tissues, suggesting that phylogenies based on the partial cytochrome b gene could be used to predict pathologies. More studies are necessary to further understand the patterns of Haemoproteus species development in parrots, particularly if the parrot haemoproteids would always develop in muscular tissues, and whether they are specific or not to parrots. We encourage researchers to deposit animal samples and their parasite samples in museum collections for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colour Morphs as Alternative Solutions to the Trade-Off Predicted by the Immuno-Competence Handicap Hypothesis.","authors":"Roberto Sacchi, Alan J Coladonato, Stefano Scali, Marco A L Zuffi, Rupert Palme, Marco Mangiacotti","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colour morphs in polymorphic species are associated with a suite of heritable traits governed by distinct genetic loci, each corresponding to alternative fitness peaks. Hormonal pleiotropy has been proposed as a mechanism maintaining these morphs, though experimental evidence is lacking. In this study, we tested whether white and yellow morphs of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) adopt alternative strategies shaped by the immuno-competence handicap hypotheses (ICHH). Specifically, we experimentally elevated plasma testosterone levels via transdermal administration and measured changes in (i) immune response using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) swelling and (ii) the aggressive behaviour in response to a mirror test simulating territorial intrusion. We found that testosterone-induced immune suppression was stronger in white males, while aggression decreased in both morphs. Elevated testosterone eliminated the baseline differences between morphs in both immunity and aggression. These findings provide the first experimental support for morph-specific life-history strategies in common wall lizards, consistent with the ICHH: Yellow males prioritize aggression over immunity, while white males invest more in survival at the cost of competitiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Fecal Bacteria and Fungi to Tannin-Rich Diets in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon): Evidence from Both Feeding Experiments and Field Investigations.","authors":"Di Zhu, Feng Wu, Peiying Wen, Haiyang Gao, Xiaoran Hao, Hongfang Wang","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rumen microbes of large mammalian herbivores (LMHs) play a critical role in resisting the chemical defenses of plants, such as tannins, but whether fecal microbes in LMHs function in this adaptive process remains unclear. Despite ample studies over the past decade have focused mainly on bacteria, the role of fungi in the response to tannins requires more attention. Additionally, most previous studies have been restricted to captive herbivores, and we still do not know much about those in the wild. To understand the role of fecal bacteria and fungi in plant‒herbivore interactions, we first tested the response and variation in the response of fecal bacteria and fungi to different concentrations of tannin-rich food using 16S/ITS rRNA data in feeding experiments with sika deer (Cervus nippon). For wild sika deer in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, we observed seasonal differences in the tannin content of their diets, which was significantly higher in spring than in autumn. Interestingly, the pattern of the fecal bacteria in wild sika deer response to tannin-rich diets was similar to that observed in the feeding experiments but showed variation in fungi. Feeding with tannin-rich diets altered the fecal microbial composition and increased the relative abundance of tannin-degrading microbes. We hypothesize that fecal bacteria and fungi may play important roles in helping LMHs adapt to tannin-rich diets. We need to further explore the function of microbes to provide important insights into the role of fecal microbes in plant chemical defenses and herbivore co-evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Habitat Quality Drive Behavioral Contrasts in Two Family Groups of the Critically Endangered Hainan Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus).","authors":"Shuai Liu, Dexu Zhang, Eric I Ameca, Guangyu Wang, Chenglin Cai, Wenxing Long, Yuan Chen, Shrestha Anil","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how spatiotemporal habitat variability shapes endangered species' behavior is crucial for effective conservation. This study examined the impact of fine-scale habitat variation on four behavioral patterns (feeding, resting, social, and traveling) of the critically endangered Hainan gibbon. Year-round behavior data were collected from two groups: GC inhabiting an area with abundant food resources, and GE in a secondary forest with sparse resources. Using 135 monitoring plots, we analyzed variation in 27 habitat variables categorized into food, nutrients, plant diversity, safety and stability, and topography. Linear models revealed crown height, food plant abundance, and crude fat as key variables shaping behaviors. Higher community plant and food plant richness significantly enhanced feeding frequency, while steeper slopes increased traveling. Habitat quality variation shaped distinct behavioral strategies: in GC, feeding and resting were primarily influenced by food, social behavior by safety and stability, and traveling by plant diversity. In GE, resting, social, and traveling behaviors were mainly driven by topography, while feeding was influenced by nutrients. Likewise, food variables dominated during the dry season, whereas safety and stability, and topography variables were more important in the wet season. This study provides the first analysis of Hainan gibbons' behavioral strategies linked to fine-scale habitat variability and seasonal dynamics. The findings highlight the importance of protecting diverse habitats, as different Hainan gibbon groups exhibit distinct behavioral adaptations to their varying resource availability. This underscores the need for habitat-specific primate conservation and management in fragmented landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starving or Stuffing? Plasticity in Wild Boar Body Mass Variations During Summer in a Mediterranean Area.","authors":"Martina Calosi, Niccolò Fattorini, Andrea Sforzi, Luca Tonini, Francesco Ferretti","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying determinants of key phenotypic indicators driving animal population dynamics is fundamental to address measures aimed at mitigating human-wildlife interactions. In Mediterranean areas, summer drought reduces the availability of water and food resources for wild ungulates, potentially affecting body conditions. Since summer is a crucial period for the nursing/weaning of offspring, a seasonal bottleneck for ungulates would be expected to occur, especially in females. However, data on fluctuations of ungulate body mass during summer are scarce. We investigated the effects of summer progression, aridity, population density, and land use on body mass variation of adult/yearling wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a mixed forested-rural Mediterranean protected area, over a 16-year period (2007-2022). Data were gathered from individuals harvested during population control management actions, in summer. In contrast with our predictions, no consistent mass loss was observed throughout the summer. According to expectations, body mass was favored by decreasing aridity in the previous 3 months. In males, the positive effect of rainfall was mitigated by population density. Females experienced mass gain in non-arid years, mass loss in arid years, and no change in \"average\" years. The importance of edge habitats located at the interface between wooded and cultivated areas was confirmed by a positive relationship between female body mass and ecotone availability. The results indicate that, in a mixed forested-rural area, wild boar could maintain, or even increase, their body mass during summer. Moreover, findings emphasize the crucial role of rainfall in modulating a key driver of population dynamics for this ungulate in Mediterranean areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Effects of Hydrometeorological Conditions on Flea Indices of Two Rodent Species in Inner Mongolia.","authors":"Meng Shang, Haoqiang Ji, Zhenxu Wang, Xiaoxu Wang, Pengbo Liu, Ke Li, Chenran Guo, Wanjun Jiang, Lu Wang, Ying Liang, Qiyong Liu","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change has modified hydrometeorological patterns, influencing plague transmission risks in Inner Mongolia. Using 2013-2021 plague surveillance data from 12 regions in Inner Mongolia, we assessed drought and wet conditions' effects on flea parasitism in two key rodents: Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus). Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) modeling revealed the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), maximum ground surface temperature, average relative humidity, average sunshine duration, and maximum wind speed collectively explained 52.60% of generalized flea index variation (SPEI contribution: 14.13%). Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) analysis revealed that drought conditions cumulatively increased generalized flea indices, particularly moderate drought (SPEI = -1.8), which showed a significant lagged effect on generalized flea indices after 3 months (RR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.78-4.27). Conversely, the cumulative effects of wet conditions were detrimental to the increase in generalized flea indices. In addition to exhibiting the generalized flea index characteristics under drought conditions, the plague vectors Nosopsyllus laeviceps and Xenopsylla conformis parasitic on M. unguiculatus showed a facilitative effect in the 3rd month following severe wet conditions, with effect sizes of relative risk (RR) = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.13-3.45) and RR = 5.96 (95% CI: 3.25-10.94), respectively. With increasing drought severity, the flea index of M. unguiculatus rose significantly after a 3-month lag, with Z-test statistics of 2.16 (SPEI_3 = -1) and 2.63 (SPEI_3 = -1.5), both p < 0.05. Under severe drought (SPEI_3 = -1.5), the cumulative RR showed a significant difference in the two rodent species (Z = 2.27, p < 0.05). Therefore, it is essential to proactively monitor drought conditions in Inner Mongolia, particularly during the 3 months following a drought, and special attention should be paid to the increased abundance of Nosopsyllus laeviceps and Xenopsylla conformis in the 3rd month following severe wet conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Partitioning Among Three Sympatric Ungulates in the Tibetan Plateau: Identifying Critical Variables.","authors":"Rumei Zhang, Jianbin Shi, Jinming Zhang, Dongyu Wang","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.13020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial dimensions play a significant role in niche differentiation, facilitating species coexistence. Understanding how sympatric ungulates optimize habitat utilization and how they co-exist in resource-limited environments is essential for effective wildlife conservation and reserve management. Tibetan antelope (chiru, Pantholops hodgsonii), Tibetan wild ass (kiang, Equus kiang), and wild yak (Bos grunniens) are sympatric ungulates co-evolving over generations across the Tibetan Plateau, but limited information is available on their spatial partitioning and the key variables affecting both single-species and multi-species distributions. In this study, using a combination of maximum entropy model, joint species distribution models, and random forest analysis, we examined the spatial partitioning of the three ungulates and identified the critical factors influencing their distributions with their spatial distribution data collected from the Arjin Shan National Nature Reserve in the Tibetan Plateau. Our key findings: (i) Notable differences were observed in the spatial distributions of the three ungulates, with only 16% overlap in their suitable habitats. Temperature had a stronger influence on the habitat selection by chiru and kiang, whereas precipitation played a more significant role in determining the distributions of kiang and wild yak. (ii) During summer, the interspecific relationships between chiru and wild yak, and between chiru and kiang exhibited positive correlations, while the relationship between wild yak and kiang was negatively correlated. In winter, all interspecific relationships were negatively correlated. (iii) Temperature seasonality and mean temperature of the driest quarter emerged as the most critical variables influencing multi-species habitat selection. Human interference had a significantly negative impact on all three ungulate species. Our findings underscore the importance of spatial heterogeneity in facilitating species coexistence under both climatic and anthropogenic pressures, offering valuable insights for multi-species conservation planning in resource-limited ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}