Innovations in Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"The Urgent Need to Intensify Vaccine Development and Manufacturing in Africa: Lessons from Emerging Pandemics.","authors":"Melody Okereke,&nbsp;Habeebullah Jayeola Oladipo,&nbsp;Mercy Deborah Aransiola,&nbsp;Faridah Oloruntoyin Adebowale,&nbsp;Habib Yusuf","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i4.5049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i4.5049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the years, the African continent has been severely plagued by disease outbreaks, most of which have resulted in devastating pandemics. Despite having the greatest burden and impact of these disease outbreaks, regional efforts to develop and manufacture vaccines in the continent have been inadequate, with a potential impact on pandemic preparedness and readiness efforts in the continent. Given that disease outbreaks are still likely to occur in the future, we discuss the urgent need to intensify vaccine development and manufacturing in Africa based on the lessons learnt from emerging pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9993545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Pharmacist Provision of Non-Dispensing Services in Health Professional Shortage Areas.","authors":"Haley Kessinger,&nbsp;Emily Landis,&nbsp;Natalie DiPietro Mager,&nbsp;Karen Kier","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i4.4859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i4.4859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals living in primary care health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) experience health inequities. Community pharmacists are healthcare professionals with an opportunity to provide care to underserved populations. The objective of this study was to compare non-dispensing services provided by Ohio community pharmacists in HPSAs and non-HPSAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic, IRB-approved 19-item survey was sent to all Ohio community pharmacists practicing in full-county HPSAs and a random sample practicing in other counties (n=324). Questions assessed current provision of non-dispensing services as well as interest and barriers regarding such services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four usable responses were received (23% response rate). Respondents in non-HPSAs were more likely to recognize their county's HPSA status than those in an HPSA (p=0.008). Pharmacies in non-HPSAs were significantly more likely to offer 11 or more non-dispensing services than those in HPSAs (p=0.002). Nearly 60% of respondents in non-HPSAs reported starting a new non-dispensing service during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 27% of respondents in full HPSA counties (p=0.009). Most commonly reported barriers to providing non-dispensing services in both county types included lack of reimbursement (83%), workflow (82%), and space (70%). Respondents expressed interest in learning more information about public health and collaborative practice agreements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the need for non-dispensing services is great in HPSAs, community pharmacies in full-county HPSAs in Ohio were less likely to provide these services or begin novel services. Barriers must be addressed so that community pharmacists can provide more non-dispensing services in HPSAs to increase access to care and promote health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9976458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Propensity to Self-Medicate with Over-the-Counter Medicines Scale (PSM-OTC).","authors":"Oluwasola Ayosanmi,&nbsp;Marjorie Delbaere,&nbsp;Jeff Taylor","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i3.4934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i3.4934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the public's propensity to self-medicate with OTC medicines. <b>Method:</b> Propensity construct items were obtained from the literature and also created as new entities. Three experts reviewed the item pool for face validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients (r), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and paired sample t-tests. Further test-retest reliability assessed the degree of change in responses in a subset of subjects from time 1 to time 2 (one month apart) for each item on the scale. <b>Results</b>: From the pool, 16 items were assessed for applicability to the propensity construct. Factor Analysis identified four components and were labelled as purchase involvement, self-efficacy, awareness of care needed during self-medication, and the therapeutic usefulness of OTC medicines. The internal consistency of the 16-item scale was sufficient; overall alpha was 0.9 and each construct had an alpha of 0.7 to 0.8. Test-retest reliability coefficients (r) for the four components were reassuring, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5, while the ICC values ranged from 0.5 to 0.7. A paired sample t-test showed no statistically significant difference in the rating at the two iterations for each of the constructs, thereby suggesting good reliability of the data. Over 50% of respondents did not change their original response to the 7-point scales (strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7)) for 9 out of 16 items. Factor loading from Principal Component Analysis led to the reduction of the 16-items scale to a 15-item Propensity to Self-Medicate with OTC Medicines Scale. <b>Conclusion:</b> The developed tool for measuring the propensity to self-medicate with OTC medicines showed acceptable performance of internal consistency and reliability. The scale may have research potential in assessing the self-medication propensity of different cohorts of society.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/17/21550417-13-03-4934.PMC9815875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10534879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Pharmacy: An Overview of Innovations.","authors":"Muhammad Ahmer Raza,&nbsp;Shireen Aziz,&nbsp;Misbah Noreen,&nbsp;Amna Saeed,&nbsp;Irfan Anjum,&nbsp;Mudassar Ahmed,&nbsp;Shahid Masood Raza","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i2.4839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i2.4839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerged as an intervention for data and number-related problems. This breakthrough has led to several technological advancements in virtually all fields from engineering to architecture, education, accounting, business, health, and so on. AI has come a long way in healthcare, having played significant roles in data and information storage and management - such as patient medical histories, medicine stocks, sale records, and so on; automated machines; software and computer applications like diagnostic tools such as MRI radiation technology, CT diagnosis and many more have all been created to aid and simplify healthcare measures. Inarguably, AI has revolutionized healthcare to be more effective and efficient and the pharmacy sector is not left out. During the past few years, a considerable amount of increasing interest in the uses of AI technology has been identified for analyzing as well as interpreting some important fields of pharmacy like drug discovery, dosage form designing, polypharmacology, and hospital pharmacy. Given the growing importance of AI, we wanted to create a comprehensive report which helps every practicing pharmacist understand the biggest breakthroughs which are assisted by the deployment of this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/3d/21550417-13-02-4839.PMC9836757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faculty Doing More with Less: A Technology Initiative Realized Through a Structured Process.","authors":"Kimberly G Elder,&nbsp;Emily K Frederick,&nbsp;Sarah Raake,&nbsp;Benjamin C Stephens","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i2.4469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i2.4469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Many barriers exist when implementing new educational technologies. Some institutions without specialty support staff or offices may struggle with the necessary steps. In a climate that increasingly asks faculty to do more with less, empowering faculty-driven processes may prove important. <b>Innovation:</b> When the need for an academic electronic health record (EHR) was identified, a faculty champion followed a structured approach to research available options, garner faculty interest, bring forth a proposal to the administration, implement the academic EHR technology, and perform continuous quality improvement thereby paving the pathway for future faculty-led initiatives. <b>Findings:</b> A single faculty member followed a structured approach that could be carried out by others to bring meaningful academic technology to multiple programs. This process was subsequently successfully used by another faculty member and the technology implemented was well-received by administration, faculty, and students. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite few resources to support or compel technological adaptation or change, faculty can follow steps to introduce these projects and moreover, spark a cultural shift and momentum to embolden faculty to follow a process to bring forth change or initiatives in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/c2/21550417-13-02-4469.PMC9836749.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10550457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TikTok: An Opportunity for Antibiotic Education?","authors":"Emma Evans,&nbsp;Lauren Biehle Gory,&nbsp;Aislinn O'Kane","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i4.4916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i4.4916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health information and misinformation on social media have become a growing concern for the medical community. Antimicrobial resistance continues to advance, threatening public health and safety. TikTok, a popular social media platform, provides an avenue for providers to educate patients on clinical topics and medication use. As leaders in patient education and counseling, pharmacists are equipped to provide trustworthy information on TikTok and other platforms. Pharmacists can thus advance the practice of pharmacy and build rapport with patients through a new medium. Current health-related videos on TikTok have not been robustly evaluated for quality and reliability. This study evaluates antibiotic-related content from healthcare providers and non-healthcare providers on TikTok for balance, reliability, and quality using the DISCERN score. <b>Introduction</b>: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing at an alarming rate. Patient education is a critical component of both stewardship and combating health misinformation. TikTok is a video-sharing social media platform with 1 billion monthly users and contains videos that discuss health information. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibiotic-themed TikTok videos for their validity and reliability. <b>Methods</b>: In March 2021, a search on TikTok using the term \"antibiotics\" was performed and the top 300 consecutive videos were identified. The following data was collected for each video: number of likes, associated disease state, medications, educational aim, mention of COVID-19, and if performed by a healthcare professional (HCP). Non-English language videos were excluded. The DISCERN score was used to evaluate all videos for reliability. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U were used for statistical analysis. A p-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results</b>: The first 300 consecutive videos were assessed using the DISCERN score for validity. Of the 300 videos, the majority (n=224) were created by non-health care professionals (non-HCPs). The number of \"likes\" per video ranged from 1 like to 2 million likes with a mean of 34,949 ± 143,482. Videos produced by HCPs were significantly more valid and reliable (mean DISCERN score of 1.65 vs 1.17, p <0.00001) than non-HCPs. They were found to be more relevant (p<0.00001), have clearer aims (p<0.00001), and were more balanced/unbiased (p=0.00188). Videos created by HCPs were more likely to have an educational focus (p<0.0001). There was no difference between groups in clarity of sources utilized or risk/benefits discussed of each treatment. Across all videos, the most common disease states mentioned were urinary tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and dental infection. Herbal or supplement products, penicillins, and sulfa antibiotics were the most commonly discussed medications. <b>Conclusions</b>: Videos created by HCPs were significantly more valid and reliable tha","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9976462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist Impact on Immunization Rates in Asplenic Patients.","authors":"Deidra Van Gilder,&nbsp;Shanna O'Connor","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i4.4968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i4.4968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Asplenic patients can present unique challenges when updating immunizations. Pharmacists have proven to have a positive impact on immunization rates in asplenic patients. <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the impact of pharmacist intervention on the up-to-date immunization status in asplenic patients in a single rural family medicine clinic and identify quality improvement opportunities for the immunization service. <b>Service Description:</b> The pharmacist obtained an initial list of asplenic patients to create a longitudinal tracking spreadsheet for immunizations that identified missing vaccines for each patient; provider education on vaccine needs in this population and the service was also provided. The ongoing service consists of regular updates to the spreadsheet as patients receive vaccines and a quarterly check of the entire spreadsheet to determine needed vaccines; if needed vaccines are identified, the pharmacist facilitates a patient appointment to obtain the vaccine. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective chart review was completed in Spring 2022 for all patients included in the baseline report. Patients were categorized based on vaccine status and outstanding vaccines were noted. An evaluation was completed to determine if any identifiable trends across providers were evident based on patient immunization status. <b>Results:</b> A total of 33 asplenic patients were identified at baseline; three (9%) were up-to-date at baseline. Of the 30 patients who were maintained in the clinic, 16 (53.5%) were up-to-date at the point of review. Pharmacist intervention increased the total vaccine completion rate by 44.5% from baseline to follow-up. The biggest improvement for a specific immunization status was made on the meningitis b vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae b showed the highest completion rate at follow-up. No trends were noted across providers that indicated why some providers had patients with higher immunization rates than others. <b>Conclusion:</b> Pharmacist intervention contributed to an increase in immunization rates in a single immunocompromised patient population that requires a specialized immunization schedule.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9621750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astropharmacy: Roles of Pharmacist in Space.","authors":"Shireen Aziz,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmer Raza,&nbsp;Misbah Noreen,&nbsp;Muhammad Zain Iqbal,&nbsp;Shahid Masood Raza","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i3.4956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i3.4956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since disease is a natural aspect of life, human deep space missions will largely depend on preventing disease, diagnosis, and treatment. Pharmaceuticals are used to identify, treat, prevent, or cure illnesses, but they are unstable on Earth and even more so in space. What if the pharmacist could prepare small quantities of medicines in space, on site, as needed? The alteration in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) and pharmacogenomics with flying and medications will need to be customised for each person individually and specifically at the point of need because of drug stability issues. We can't meet the expense of bringging everything we might need, so pharmacists must devise ways to manufacture medications in-situ and on-demand. With this skill, pharmacists would be able to fulfill the demand of any exploration mission that involved spaceflight with robust pharmaceuticals that would be stable enough to last the duration of the mission, comprehensive enough to treat all potential medical events, safe, and effective, notwithstanding the known PK-PD and pharmacogenetic alterations that take place during spaceflight. The purpose of this article was to review topics related with Astropharmacy. The topics include: the need of Astropharmacy in space, health-related problems caused by hostile space conditions, storage problems in space, methods to establish the stability and effectiveness of pharmaceutical products in space, and alteration in human physiology including PK-PD and pharmacogenomics and highlight the pharmacist's potential roles in the pharmacies orbiting the space.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/6d/21550417-13-03-4956.PMC9815863.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10525792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Diverse Family Medicine Clinic: A Pilot Study.","authors":"James E Hougas,&nbsp;Heidi R Nichol,&nbsp;Katherine Montag Schafer","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i2.4784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i2.4784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary care providers (PCPs) manage a large portion of patients with diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can give detailed information about glucose trends to improve treatment and safety. We conducted a prospective cohort pilot study to understand patient experience with the use of professional CGM in a primary care practice with a high volume of diverse, non-English speakers. Eligible patients were on an insulin regimen and either had an A1c above goal or whose PCPs had concerns for hypoglycemia. Surveys were collected prior to the intervention to assess the acceptability of the patient's self-monitoring blood glucose efforts and after the intervention to assess their experience of using the CGM. Participants at baseline had a mean A1c of 10.6% and a high amount of emotional distress as measured on the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale. Post-intervention, patients reported their experience with professional CGM was positive and, overall, as acceptable of an intervention as their previous self-monitoring blood glucose practice. Professional CGM can serve as an additional, acceptable tool for PCPs to better understand how to help patients achieve diabetes blood glucose goals. Ambulatory care pharmacists are well positioned to lead this effort in clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/6a/21550417-13-02-4784.PMC9836751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10548376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of an Innovative Pharmaceutical Class Scoring Tool for Prioritized Annual Formulary Review.","authors":"Holly Sheldon,&nbsp;Audrey Kostrzewa,&nbsp;Shannon Werner,&nbsp;Terry Audley,&nbsp;Adam Biggs,&nbsp;Taylor Mancuso,&nbsp;Mary Frances Picone","doi":"10.24926/iip.v13i2.4785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v13i2.4785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Though The Joint Commission requires health systems perform annual formulary review, guidance for how to perform this review is lacking. Published methods include comprehensive review of all pharmaceutical classes; however, this approach may not be the most efficient or effective option for a health system with a large formulary. <b>Objective:</b> To create a prioritization system for annual formulary review through development of a pharmaceutical class scoring tool. <b>Methods:</b> Drug information pharmacists developed the scoring tool, which used external and internal data to score pharmaceutical classes in 4 categories: safety, efficacy, cost, and utilization. The primary outcome, number of formulary changes resulting from pharmaceutical class review, was compared between the highest-scoring and lowest-scoring class to assess the tool's ability to prioritize high-yield class reviews. <b>Results:</b> The tool calculated scores for 91 pharmaceutical classes, altogether containing 962 medications. After review of the highest-scoring class, corticosteroids, 2 formulary changes were made: one dosage form was removed from formulary, and one medication was restricted to outpatient use only. Zero formulary changes resulted from review of the lowest-scoring class, pharmaceutical adjuvants. <b>Conclusions:</b> The tool described in this study prioritized annual formulary review efforts by identifying a pharmaceutical class with meaningful formulary optimization opportunities as the highest-scoring class, while correctly identifying a class with no optimization opportunities as the lowest-scoring class.</p>","PeriodicalId":13646,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/f1/21550417-13-02-4785.PMC9836755.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10550456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}