Infectious Agents and Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection shapes the genetic, transcriptomic, and immune microenvironment landscape of Burkitt lymphoma.","authors":"Qing Xiao, Yilei Zhang, Zhongyi Chen, Xinrong Liu, Wentao Yu, Tiansheng Wang, Ling Chu","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00720-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00720-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma with its occurrence and progression closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status. However, the molecular differences between EBV-positive and EBV-negative BL have not been comprehensively evaluated. Through targeted sequencing of a 475-gene panel in 27 BL cases, and RNA-seq and LncRNA-seq analyses of 25 cases, we found that EBV-negative tumors displayed a higher frequency of chromosomal amplifications, particularly at 7p12.2, 6q25.3 and 7q22.1. Two novel variants of KMT2D were identified in adult patients in the EBV-negative group. Furthermore, EBV-positive BL exhibited enriched FOXO1 mutations, in contrast to CCND3 hotspot variants in EBV-negative cases. Transcriptome profiling revealed 1,612 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), predominantly involved in the PI3K-AKT, Hippo, WNT, and mTOR pathways. LncRNA profiling identified three EBV-associated lncRNAs ((MSTRG.103766.1, MSTRG.33752.11, ENSTO0000400385.2) with potential prognostic relevance in BL. Immune deconvolution (CIBERSORT/xCELL) demonstrated elevated M1 macrophages infiltration in EBV-positive BL, which correlated with improved 24-month overall survival (68% vs. 41%, p = 0.02). SULT1C2P1 and KCNK5 emerged as M1-associated prognostic biomarkers. Our findings establish EBV as a key modulator of BL genomic instability and immune remodeling, leading us to hypothesize that EBV status defines distinct BL subtypes with unique therapeutic vulnerabilities, thereby enabling the future development of EBV-stratified precision therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145722550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of blood EBV-DNA level on survival of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer on immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Yanbing Li, Lingyu Cai, Hongbo Zuo","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00718-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00718-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVES: Pretreatment plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA is a promising biomarker in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). However, its prognostic significance in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated the association between pretreatment EBV-DNA levels and survival outcomes in NPC patients treated with ICIs. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to June 29, 2025. Eligible longitudinal studies included adult NPC patients treated with ICIs, with pretreatment EBV-DNA assessed by quantitative PCR and survival outcomes reported as hazard ratios (HRs). Pooled analyses used random-effects models accounting for the potential influence of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Thirteen cohorts from 12 studies, comprising 1,507 patients, were included. Most cohorts were prospective; two were retrospective. Overall, high pretreatment EBV-DNA was significantly associated with poorer progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.03, p < 0.001; I² = 0%) and overall survival (OS; HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.77, p < 0.001; I² = 18%). Sensitivity analyses by excluding one study at a time showed similar results. Subgroup analyses for the outcome of PFS showed consistent associations across study design (prospective vs. retrospective), treatment line (first vs. later), concurrent therapy, cutoff thresholds (< 7,800 vs. ≥ 7,800 copies/mL), follow-up duration, analytic model, and study quality (all p for subgroup differences > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High pretreatment EBV-DNA levels predict significantly worse PFS and OS in NPC patients receiving ICIs. Pretreatment EBV-DNA may serve as a practical biomarker for risk stratification and treatment decision-making in this population. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable. </p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of bladder cancer from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050: insights from the global burden of disease study and Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Yue Wang, Zenghui Liu, Chuansong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00719-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00719-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bladder cancer remains a global health challenge with marked demographic and regional disparities. Understanding long-term trends, risk factors, and projections is essential for effective prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on bladder cancer were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. We focused on the effects of age, sex, risk factors, and the socio-demographic index (SDI) on the burden of bladder cancer and calculated the average annual percent change (AAPC) via joinpoint regression. Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal risk factors, and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models to forecast future burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate slightly declined (AAPC = - 0.269), prevalence increased (AAPC = 0.145), and both mortality (AAPC = - 0.840) and DALYs (AAPC = - 1.022) decreased significantly. The burden was significantly higher among males and older adults and showed substantial variation across SDI regions. Smoking and high fasting plasma glucose were strongly associated with bladder cancer DALYs, accounting for 27.8% and 7.4%, respectively. MR studies have confirmed that smoking and testosterone levels can increase the risk of bladder cancer. The prediction results indicate that the global age-standardized incidence rate will moderately decrease from 2022 to 2050.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a gradual decline in mortality and incidence, bladder cancer continues to impose a substantial health burden, particularly among males and in high-SDI regions. Smoking and high fasting glucose are key modifiable risk factors. Sustained prevention and resource allocation are essential to mitigate the rising absolute burden in aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12683786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of HPV DNA and EGFR mutations in Egyptian NSCLC.","authors":"Shaimaa Saeed Mohamed, Zeinab K Hassan, Ahmed M Fahmy, Amira Salah El-Din Youssef, Nasra F Abdel Fattah, Amira I Khater, Hany K Soliman, Mohamed M Hafez","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00712-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00712-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While molecular profiling particularly EGFR mutation analysis has transformed therapeutic approaches, the role of viral oncogenesis, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in NSCLC is less well understood. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of HPV/EBV infection and EGFR mutations in NSCLC. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed tumor tissues from 93 patients with NSCLC, as well as lung tissues from 10 normal adjacent samples. HPV-DNA detection and genotyping were performed using PCR-based methods, alongside EBV-DNA analysis. EGFR mutations were assessed via exon-specific PCR amplification. Associations between HPV/EGFR status and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess overall survival (OS) according to molecular profiles. RESULTS: HPV-DNA was detected in 31.2% of NSCLC tumors, while EBV-DNA was identified in 2.15%, with no positivity in normal adjacent tissues. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype, especially among adenocarcinoma (AC) cases. EGFR mutations were found in 20.4% of patients, predominantly in AC, with exon 19 deletions and L858R mutations being the most common. While HPV status showed no significant correlation with most clinical features, a strong inverse association was observed with surgical operability (p < 0.001). Survival analyses revealed that HPV-positive patients had shorter OS compared to HPV-negative counterparts. Patients with EGFR mutations exhibited longer OS, particularly in the HPV-negative subgroup, while the HPV-positive/EGFR-wild type group had the poorest outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates distinct prevalence patterns and prognostic implications of HPV infection and EGFR mutations in NSCLC. EGFR-mutant status correlated with improved survival, while HPV positivity was associated with inoperable disease and poorer outcomes. Further validation in larger cohorts is needed before clinical application. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable. </p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12690842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytologic and histologic cervical lesions and oncogenic HPV in women living with HIV (WLHIV) despite viral suppression: first evidence from Algeria.","authors":"Mounira Rais, Amel Ouyahia, Meriem Abdoun, Sonia Taleb, Meriem Guechi, Noudjoud Amoura","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00717-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00717-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women Living with HIV (WLHIV) are at increased risk of persistent high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections and cervical cancer. However, data on HPV genotype distribution and cervical cytologic abnormalities remain limited in North Africa, particularly among women receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the frequency of cytologic abnormalities in WLHIV in Sétif, Algeria, identify HR-HPV genotypes, and evaluate associated immunovirological factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2024 at the HIV/STI/AIDS Reference Center in Sétif. WLHIV aged ≥ 18 years who provided informed consent were included. Each participant underwent a gynecological examination, cervical cytology (Pap smear), HR-HPV genotyping by molecular biology, and immunovirological assessment (CD4 T-cell count, HIV viral load). Colposcopy and biopsy were performed when indicated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 115 enrolled participants, 100 smears were interpretable. Cytologic abnormalities : Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US), Low-Grade/High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions LSIL, HSIL) were found in 28% of WLHIV. HR-HPV infection was detected in 32% of participants, mainly genotypes HPV52, HPV16, and HPV18. A significant association was observed between HR-HPV positivity and high-grade lesions (HSIL) (p = 0.018; OR = 9.57, 95% CI: 1.02-89.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WLHIV in Algeria show a high prevalence of HPV-related cytologic abnormalities, even with adequate immune status and viral suppression. These findings emphasize the importance of regular cervical screening and support current global recommendations for comprehensive prevention strategies, including HPV testing and vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12763826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145632811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-driven screening, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies for cervical cancer: an overview.","authors":"Mayuri Pawar, Samradni Pingale, Kavita Kadam, Ashwini Jadhav, Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00716-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00716-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer (CC) is a significant global health issue, particularly in low-income countries. Early detection and successful treatment techniques are critical for decreasing death rates. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the major transformational tools in cancer prediction, improved screening, diagnosis, and therapy. This comprehensive narrative review describes applications of AI in diagnosis, biomarker prediction, development of drugs, and tailored treatment for cervical cancer. Various studies reporting the use of AI-driven imaging methods, multi-omics data analysis, and deep learning algorithms were evaluated for their influence on enhancing CC treatment. AI-powered screening approaches, such as automated Pap (Papanicolaou) smear analysis and colposcopy interpretation, outperformed traditional techniques in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Machine learning algorithms helped in identifying crucial biomarkers, such as microbial and metabolic fingerprints, which improved early diagnosis. AI-assisted drug development has resulted in the identification of new therapeutic targets and improved chemotherapy regimens. Personalized medical techniques, based on AI-driven multi-omics data analysis have helped to increase patient outcomes. However, issues including dataset constraints, clinical validation, and ethical considerations must be resolved before the broad adoption of AI-based diagnosis and therapy. Future research should focus on improving AI models and incorporating them into clinical practice to improve CC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12763967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145632883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of differentiating between persistent and new infections on colposcopy referral in HPV-positive triage-negative women: results from the NTCC2 study.","authors":"Annarosa Del Mistro, Pamela Mancuso, Francesca Carozzi, Laura De Marco, Simonetta Bisanzi, Giampaolo Pompeo, Guglielmo Ronco, Silvia Gori, Elena Allia, Daniela Gustinucci, Helena Frayle, Anna Iossa, Elena Cesarini, Simonetta Bulletti, Basilio Passamonti, Jessica Viti, Laura Toniolo, Francesco Venturelli, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Maria Benevolo","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00713-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00713-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In cervical screening, human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women at 1-year retesting are typically referred to colposcopy. This study, by the use of extended genotyping, estimates the impact of distinguishing persistent from new infections in an effort to reduce colposcopy referral. It also evaluates whether the new infection rate varies according to genotyping, cytology, p16/ki67, and E6/E7 mRNA results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from HPV-DNA-positive women at baseline in the NTCC2 trial genotyped with the Onclarity HPV assay. Eligible participants were Onclarity-positive women without baseline CIN2+ who had a cervicovaginal sample collected at least 10 months after baseline. Persistent infections were defined as cases with at least one common genotype between baseline and follow-up specimens. New infections were defined as cases positive for different genotypes at follow-up, with no baseline genotypes detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,540 women included, 613 were Onclarity-positive at both baseline and 1-year retesting: 488 (79.6%) had persistent infections, while 68 (11.1%) had new ones. All the 11 CIN3 cases identified at follow-up occurred in women with persistent infections. The new infection rate was significantly higher in women with baseline single-channel compared to multiple channels positivity (13.3% vs 5.5%, p=0.001). Stratifying by age, persistence and new infection rates were significantly different among different age groups (respectively p=0.005 and p=0.009). No significant difference in both new infections and persistence rate was observed between baseline cytology positive and negative cases. Stratifying by baseline p16/ki67 results, we found a significantly higher rate of persistent cases among p16/ki67 positive cases and of new infections among p16/ki67 negative cases (respectively p=0.013 and p=0.016). E6/E7 mRNA findings affected only persistence rate showing a significant difference in the proportion of persistent cases between positive and negative cases (p=0.004), but did not affect new infection rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extended genotyping classified 11.5% of 1-year HPV-positive cases as new infections. As 1-year HPV positivity accounts for about 60% of first-level colposcopies, this corresponds to about 7% of colposcopies. Baseline single-channel positivity, age, and p16/ki67-negative results may influence this proportion.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT01837693, New Technology in Cervical Cancer 2 (NTCC2) study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12632028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virological perspectives of the current situation of oncogenic viruses in Egypt: a review.","authors":"Alaa H Ibrahim, Ayman S El-Habbaa, Ehab M El-Nahas","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00706-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00706-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncogenic viruses play a pernicious role in the development of cancer, causing various tumors in humans and animals. These viruses are of public health importance in developing nations. Worldwide, about 15–20% of cancer cases are related to viral infections. About 12% of all cancers in humans are attributed to oncoviruses. However, the accurate rate of cancers attributed to oncoviruses across all animal cancers remains uncertain. In some species, such as chickens and cats, oncoviruses are responsible for approximately 80–100% of specific cancer cases. The first oncovirus reported in humans was the Epstein-Barr virus, in the case of Burkitt’s lymphoma. The Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus was the first oncovirus to be reported in livestock. The main reported tumor viruses of veterinary importance are bovine leukemia virus, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, feline leukemia virus, bovine papillomavirus, equine papillomavirus, Marek’s disease virus, avian leukosis virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus. The control of oncoviruses mainly relies on early molecular methods, such as PCR, with remaining difficulties concerning virus isolation. Moreover, the potential for viral oncogenes to integrate into host genomes underscores the challenges in diagnosis, control, and eradication. These viruses have a significant impact on veterinary health in Egypt, affecting various animal species and posing substantial economic challenges. Therefore, exploring the up-to-date situation of oncogenic viruses recorded in Egypt is essential. This review aims to elucidate the general mechanisms of viral oncogenesis, shedding light on the situation of oncoviruses of veterinary importance that circulate in Egypt, as well as their diagnosis and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12616916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145512744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of hepatitis B virus in gastric carcinogenesis: from clinical association to molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Yu Jiang, Yan Lu, Zhiyuan Li, Wenchun Jiang, He Han, Xin Fan, Jixiang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00711-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00711-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have established that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection contributes to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, growing attention has been directed towards the association between HBV and extrahepatic malignant tumors, particularly gastric cancer (GC), with increasing evidence suggesting that HBV infection may elevate the risk of GC. Several meta-analyses have examined the link between HBV and GC. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study conducts a systematic review of existing research to investigate the association between HBV infection and GC risk. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological data, virological characteristics, and molecular mechanisms. The available evidence suggests that HBV may contribute to GC development and progression through mechanisms such as HBV DNA integration, regulation of HBx protein, chronic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. However, limitations in the current literature—such as reliance on single-source samples, insufficient control of confounding factors, and limited mechanistic studies—should be acknowledged. Large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies with clearly defined mechanisms are needed to further clarify the causal relationship between HBV and GC and to identify potential biomarkers. In conclusion, addressing HBV-related GC is a critical clinical and public health priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12619161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145523370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical study on the pathogenic risks of different genotypes of high-risk HPV infection and multiple infections.","authors":"Meiyu Song, Minhong Mao, Huirong Zhao, Chen Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00709-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00709-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the oncogenic risks of distinct high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes and whether multiple infections exacerbate pathogenicity, with analysis of age stratification and viral load impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and pathological data from 2,525 patients undergoing colposcopy-directed biopsy for cervical abnormalities (2020-2023) were analyzed. HPV genotyping (18 types) and viral load quantification (Ct-values) were performed using PCR-membrane hybridization. Histopathology (CC/LSIL/HSIL/SCC) was evaluated by blinded experts. Statistical analyses included age stratification (< 35 vs. ≥35 years) and multivariate adjustment for viral load (Ct ≤ 30).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>HR-HPV single-type infections predominated (1,774 cases, 70.26%), with genotype distribution: 16 (17.98%), 52 (10.50%), 58 (7.88%), 53 (4.63%), and 18 (4.55%). Multiple infections occurred in 474 cases (18.77%). Versus HPV-negative/low-risk controls, the highest pathogenic risks were: type 16 (OR = 7.96, 95% CI:5.41-11.71), type 58 (OR = 5.80, 95% CI:3.75-8.99), multiple infections (OR = 5.02, 95% CI:3.42-7.37), type 18 (OR = 4.86, 95% CI:2.95-8.02), and type 35 (OR = 4.07, 95% CI:1.82-9.10) (all P = 0.001). Age ≥ 35 years independently increased HSIL + risk (OR = 2.16, 95% CI:1.62-2.88, P = 0.001), with HPV16/18/35 showing significantly higher ORs in this group. High viral load (Ct ≤ 30) independently predicted HSIL + progression (OR = 2.98, 95% CI:1.92-4.63, P = 0.001). Multiple infections did not increase risk for genotypes 16/18/33/35/52/56/58/68 versus single infections, except for HPV51 (P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genotype 16 demonstrates the strongest oncogenic potential, with pathogenic hierarchy: 16 > 58 > 18 > 35. Multiple infections do not synergistically increase risk for dominant genotypes. Age ≥ 35 years and high viral load (Ct ≤ 30) independently elevate cervical lesion severity, supporting their integration into risk-stratified screening protocols.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12590742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}