INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY最新文献_第10页

Polyphenols as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Metastatic Cancers: Current and Future Perspective 多酚作为酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗转移性癌症:当前和未来的观点

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.3844

S. Hussain, Q. Alhadidi

{"title":"Polyphenols as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Metastatic Cancers: Current and Future Perspective","authors":"S. Hussain, Q. Alhadidi","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3844","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is the world's biggest cause of death as a whole. The higher cancer mortality rate is related to metastasis, which is a major stumbling block in cancer treatment. Polyphenols are a diverse set of antioxidant-rich natural compounds that are often used in cancer treatments as chemopreventives and adjuvants. To find publications that highlight the topic of this review paper, a thorough literature search was conducted in several electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Medline. Many signaling pathways are involved in the metastatic cascade, including the tyrosine kinase pathway. Tyrosine kinases are a group of enzymes involved in the control of cancer spread. Polyphenols' true role in cancer metastasis remains unappreciated, despite a large body of research proving their antimetastatic effects. As a result, the current work lays out cancer metastasis signaling pathways, stressing the importance of tyrosine kinases in the metastatic process. Polyphenols can suppress tyrosine kinase activity, which contributes to their antimetastatic characteristics. The importance of polyphenols in preventing cancer metastasis by interfering with the tyrosine kinase signaling cascade is highlighted in this work, which could lead to the development of future antimetastatic drugs.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81289083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of Y-Site Incompatibility of Intravenous Medication: A Systematic Review 静脉用药y位点不相容的处理:系统综述

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.2262

S. Hanifah, P. Ball, R. Kennedy

{"title":"Management of Y-Site Incompatibility of Intravenous Medication: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Hanifah, P. Ball, R. Kennedy","doi":"10.22146/ijp.2262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2262","url":null,"abstract":"Patients in intensive care units have a critical problem with Intravenous (IC) drug administration. The effort to decrease incompatibility or manage the incompatibility risks is paramount significant to reduce morbidity and mortality. This review collates all published studies about kinds of approaches to prevent or solve y-site incompatibility, evaluate the effectiveness of those approaches, and provide the recommendation. A scoping review was conducted in PUBMED in a time frame 1 Januari 2010- 28 February 2021. All type studies of randomised controlled trials, observational studies, before and after studies, also review articled were considered to include. We identified 944 studies; of these, 78 met the inclusion criteria, but 44 were excluded. A total 34 articles were included in the analyses. Six articles reported protocol, two-dimensional chart, database, or pH colour code to provide information of incompatibilities. Two-dimensional chart and pH code were comparable with a gold standard. Specific protocol markedly reduced the incompatibility event. Normal saline (NS) flushing effectively prolonged patency and reduced the incompatibility rate. NS was preferred over heparin associated with thrombocytopenia. In-line filtration has been proved to reduce particulate matter, as well as the precipitation, resulted from incompatibility. The filter also reduced inflammation, infection, and complication appreciably. Four studies used more than three lumen catheters which successfully decrease the number of precipitation and incompatibility events. Therefore, separating incompatible drugs using multi-lumens according to the chart should be preferred. However, when co-administration is inevitable, flushing or filter is needed.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77986536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Pharmacists’ Roles and Practices in Pharmaceutical Services During Covid-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study 新冠肺炎大流行期间药师在药学服务中的角色与实践:一项定性研究

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.2435

Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, Shahiroh Haulaini, S. A. Kristina

{"title":"Pharmacists’ Roles and Practices in Pharmaceutical Services During Covid-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study","authors":"Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, Shahiroh Haulaini, S. A. Kristina","doi":"10.22146/ijp.2435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2435","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Pharmacists as health workers also have an important role in this pandemic. This study wants to look deeper into how pharmacists perceive their role and pharmaceutical services during this pandemic. A qualitative study with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was utilized. Fifteen pharmacists from Kepulauan Riau province were involved. They were purposively selected to include pharmacists from the community pharmacies, hospitals, and community health centers. The FGDs were conducted with Zoom meetings and were recorded. The data were then transcribed and analyzed with inductive content analysis. This study found five themes with 18 sub-themes. The five themes are the roles and efforts of pharmacists in managing medicines, medical devices, and disposable medical materials (personal protective equipment); the roles of pharmacists in providing pharmaceutical care; community behaviors during the pandemic; development of pharmacists’ roles and capacity during the pandemic; and external factors influencing the roles and practice of pharmacists during the pandemic. During the pandemic, pharmacists continued to work according to their previous roles and adjusted their roles and practice in pharmaceutical services to follow changes in community behaviors. This condition also encouraged pharmacists to develop their roles and capacities. The healthcare management team, the government, and the professional organizations influenced their roles, both positively and negatively. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of pharmacist roles and practices during the pandemic. This understanding will be useful for the pharmacist in developing their potential and capability to be involved as healthcare professionals, specifically during the pandemic situation and generally in disaster management.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80566950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Application of Molecular spectroscopy and chemometrics for authentication and quality control of tea (Camellia sinensis L.): a review 分子光谱和化学计量学在茶树鉴别和质量控制中的应用综述

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.4817

Mitsalina Fildzah Arifah, Agustina A. M. B. Hastuti, A. Rohman

{"title":"Application of Molecular spectroscopy and chemometrics for authentication and quality control of tea (Camellia sinensis L.): a review","authors":"Mitsalina Fildzah Arifah, Agustina A. M. B. Hastuti, A. Rohman","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4817","url":null,"abstract":"Tea, derived from Camellia sinensis L., is considered as the most popular beverages in the world. The quality of teas may vary depending on harvesting location and geographical origins, thus the traceability of teas according to their origins is very essential to assure tea’s quality. Due to economic reasons, high quality tea products may be added with foreign materials or adulterated with low quality ones, as a consequence, some analytical methods have been proposed and developed to quality control of tea. During the recent years, the application of molecular spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, Fluorescence, Near Infrared, Mid Infrared, Raman) in combination with multivariate data analysis has emerged as rapid and reliable analytical tool in the quality control of food, including food authentication. The objective of this review is to update the application of molecular spectroscopy (UV-Vis, fluorescence, infrared and Raman) for the quality control and authentication of tea products either geographical origins issue or detection of potential adulterants. The variables obtained during molecular spectral measurement involve hundreds or thousands of data, which make data analysis rather complex. Fortunately, the specific chemometrics tools can solve the problems arising from big data coming from analyte signals, spectral interferences and overlapping peaks. This review paper provides an overview of the recently developed approaches and latest research carried out in molecular spectroscopic techniques in combination with chemometrics for the quality control and for authentication of teas","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"2293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86564580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Media and Blanching Time on the Antioxidative Properties of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. 培养基和焯水时间对铜绿姜黄抗氧化性能的影响。

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.3634

D. Pujimulyani, Sulkhan Windrayahya, I. Irnawati

{"title":"The Effects of Media and Blanching Time on the Antioxidative Properties of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.","authors":"D. Pujimulyani, Sulkhan Windrayahya, I. Irnawati","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3634","url":null,"abstract":"Black saffron (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae is one of rhizomes widely used as raw material in Indonesian Traditional Medicines. Black saffron (BS) contains some bioactive compounds responsible for certain biological activities including antioxidant. Blanching has been reported to increase the antioxidant activity of BS. This study aims to formulate BS containing high antioxidant activity. This research was performed by varying blanching medium (citric acid and aquadest) and blanching time (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 min). The fabrication stage of BS powder included peeling, cleaning, blanching, slicing drying, grinding, and sieving. After that, the treated BS was analyzed for the antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin, crude fiber, and water contents. BS powder subjected to blanching process showed better antioxidant activity than that without blanching process. Blanching using citric acid media 0.05% for 5 min showed the best antioxidant activities, as indicated by high contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and tannins. Powdered BS is potential to be used as materials to be applied as fortifying agents in food products.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82794727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cyclooxygenase (COX) and 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) Inhibitory Activity and HPTLC Profile of Asplenium Nidus, Diplazium Esculentum, and Drynaria Quercifolia in Bukidnon, Philippines 菲律宾Bukidnon地区仙桃、猕猴桃和槲皮草环氧合酶(COX)和15-脂氧合酶(15-LOX)抑制活性及HPTLC谱

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.3975

A. Ang, Roxan D. Sabesaje, G. Barbosa, R. Y. D. Cruz, Rainear A. Mendez, Melania M. Enot

{"title":"Cyclooxygenase (COX) and 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) Inhibitory Activity and HPTLC Profile of Asplenium Nidus, Diplazium Esculentum, and Drynaria Quercifolia in Bukidnon, Philippines","authors":"A. Ang, Roxan D. Sabesaje, G. Barbosa, R. Y. D. Cruz, Rainear A. Mendez, Melania M. Enot","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3975","url":null,"abstract":"Diplazium esculentum, Drynaria quercifolia, and Asplenium nidus are among the fern species found in Bukidnon, Philippines which are used as traditional herbal medicines. The HPTLC profile and the anti-inflammatory properties against cyclooxygenase (COX) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) of the frond ethanolic extracts of D. esculentum, D. quercifolia, and A. nidus were determined. The High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profile was obtained using ethyl acetate: formic acid: water (16:2:2) as mobile phase and Natural Products (NP) as derivatizing reagent. The HPTLC profile of the D. esculentum, D. quercifolia, and A. nidus extracts showed 10 (Rf = 0.02-0.97), 13 (Rf = 0.03-0.90), and 14 (Rf = 0.02-0.99) bands, respectively. The profiles for each fern species may be used as marker for quality evaluation and standardization of herbal formulations containing these plants. For the anti-inflammatory properties, D. esculentum and D. quercifolia extracts which inhibited more than 50% of the COX enzymes showed significantly higher activity than A. nidus and were considered active against COX-2 and COX-1. D. esculentum, however, gave a selectivity ratio (COX-2/COX-1) of 1.03 making its inhibitory activity selective against COX-2. The percent 15-LOX inhibitory activity of D. quercifolia (58.62%) is significantly higher than that of A. nidus (38.70%) but statistically comparable to D. esculentum (51.19%). Among the extracts, D. quercifolia and D. esculentum which inhibited more than 50% of the 15-LOX were considered active. D. esculentum and D. quercifolia can therefore be potential sources of anti-inflammatory lead compounds for future drug development. ","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75771648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Somatostatin Analog-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors 基于生长抑素类似物的放射药物用于神经内分泌肿瘤的分子成像和治疗

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.2514

Rien Ritawidya, C. Palangka, T. S. Humani, V. Y. Susilo, Ilma Darojatin, Anung Pujiyanto

{"title":"Somatostatin Analog-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors","authors":"Rien Ritawidya, C. Palangka, T. S. Humani, V. Y. Susilo, Ilma Darojatin, Anung Pujiyanto","doi":"10.22146/ijp.2514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2514","url":null,"abstract":"Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers such as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but the expression in normal cells is relatively low. Therefore, SSTRs serve a potential target for molecular imaging and therapeutic applications of NETs. This review presents the development of somatostatin analog-labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides such as 111In, 99mTc, and 123I for the visualization of NETs via single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). Additionally, the development of somatostatin analog-radiolabeled with positron emitting radionuclide such as 68Ga for the molecular imaging of NETs with positron emission tomography (PET) is also presented herein. Moreover, this review describes 177Lu-, 90Y-, and 111In-labeled somatostatin analogs as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) agents for the therapeutic application of NETs. These radiolabeled-somatostatin analogs showed promising results with good images quality and high tumor uptake. These results highlight the potential application of radiopharmaceuticals-based somatostatin analogs for the molecular imaging and targeted treatment of NETs.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83524713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cocrystals of Cefixime with Nicotinamide: Improved Solubility, Dissolution, and Permeability 头孢克肟与烟酰胺共晶:改善溶解度、溶出度和渗透性

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.2530

Abulkhair Abdullah, M. Mutmainnah, E. R. Wikantyasning

{"title":"Cocrystals of Cefixime with Nicotinamide: Improved Solubility, Dissolution, and Permeability","authors":"Abulkhair Abdullah, M. Mutmainnah, E. R. Wikantyasning","doi":"10.22146/ijp.2530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2530","url":null,"abstract":"Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with poor solubility and permeability. The aim was to compared between Dry Grinding (DG) and Liquid-Assisted Grinding (LAG) methods to formed cocrystal of cefixime with nicotinamide. Cocrystal was prepared in 1:1 molar ratio and was characterizated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Cocrystal properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, and permeation rate were evaluated. The solubility test results obtained: 0.420 ± 0.016 (cefixime); 0.675 ± 0.016 (cocrystal 1:1 LAG); and 0.632 ± 0.016 (cocrystal 1:1 DG). The dissolution test results obtained: 186.55 ± 4.18 (cefixime); 232.83 ± 4.07 (cocrystal 1:1 LAG); and 228.82 ± 10.07 (cocrystal 1:1 DG). The permeability test results obtained: 153.58 ± 31.94 (cefixime); 306.22 ± 77.81 (cocrystal 1:1 LAG); and 211.44 ± 22.90 (cocrystal 1:1 DG). Cefixime can be formed into cocrystal with nicotinamide by DG and LAG methods according to the results of characterization using DSC, FTIR, SEM, and XRD accompanied by the increasing solubility, dissolution, and permeability. Cocrystal 1:1 LAG showed better result compared to cocrystal 1:1 DG.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86465605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Comparison of the Mortality and Bleeding Risk of Anticoagulant Doses in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis COVID-19患者抗凝剂剂量死亡率和出血风险的比较:系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.2697

A. F. Purnomo, M. Syaban, I. Faratisha, Firstya Diyah Ekasiwi, M. Juwono, Nur Hudayana, Edwin Kinesya, Yusuf Mannagalli, E. Pasaribu

{"title":"Comparison of the Mortality and Bleeding Risk of Anticoagulant Doses in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"A. F. Purnomo, M. Syaban, I. Faratisha, Firstya Diyah Ekasiwi, M. Juwono, Nur Hudayana, Edwin Kinesya, Yusuf Mannagalli, E. Pasaribu","doi":"10.22146/ijp.2697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2697","url":null,"abstract":"Anticoagulant therapy becomes critical to preventing further complications caused by the hypercoagulative state in COVID-19 patients. The optimal dose and time-dependent administration of anticoagulants remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the mortality and bleeding risks of anticoagulants administered to COVID-19 patients. We collected data from articles that compared prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients recorded online from studies that were published around 2020 to 2021. We were taking the articles from a scientific database such as ScienceDirect, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar based on the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager Version 5.4.1 (Cochrane, Copenhagen, Denmark) using Mantel-Haenzel statistical method for categorical data to measure Relative Risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). We use a random-effect analysis model if P for heterogeneity (pHet <0.1) and a fixed-effect analysis model if pHet ≥0.1. Based on time dependent-manner, therapeutic anticoagulant showed no benefit in reducing mortality (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.47 to 1.02). Beside, based on dose-dependent manner, prophylactic anticoagulant was found beneficial to prevent mortality (RR = 0.49; CI 95%; p = 0.02) compared to therapeutic. Therapeutic anticoagulants also showed higher risk of bleeding (RR = 0.27; CI 95%; p < 0.000001) compared to prophylactic. Therapeutic have no significantly benefit over prophylactic dose in reducing mortality rates. Therapeutic anticoagulant has a higher risk of bleeding in patients with COVID-19. Administer prophylactic dose is recommended due to the fewer side effects compared to the therapeutic dose.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78132214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Delivery of Potential Drugs to The Colon: Challenges and Strategies 给结肠输送潜在药物:挑战和策略

IF 0.4

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.22146/ijp.2734

R. Iswandana, K. Putri, Sekar Arum Larasati, Maxius Gunawan, Fathia Amalia Putri

引用次数: 2