SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Pilot Scale Demonstration of Solid Sorbent CO2 Capture Technology at a Biomass Power Station","authors":"Gerhard Schöny, Johannes Fuchs, Melina Infantino, S.V.B. van Paasen, Jolinde M. van de Graaf, H. Hofbauer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3366409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3366409","url":null,"abstract":"Solid sorbent CO2 capture is widely discussed as a cost-efficient alternative to existing post-combustion CO2 capture processes. TU Wien and Shell have been working on the development of a continuous solid sorbent CO2 capture process since 2011. In 2015, both partners joined the collaborative research project ViennaGreenCO2 that is based in Vienna, Austria and that has the overall objective to demonstrate and study the solid sorbent CO2 capture process at pilot scale. This work introduces the ViennaGreenCO2 project and discusses the work that has been attributed to process upscaling in the first years of the project. Finally, the design of the ViennaGreenCO2 pilot plant is presented and discussed in this work.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125119224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investing in the Transition to a Low Carbon Economy: Exploring the Link Between a Company's 'Transition Readiness' and Financial Performance","authors":"Brian Deese, Michael Kent, Eric L. Van Nostrand, Lanya Wu, A. Bertolotti, Kenza Akallal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3311544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3311544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new investment framework to assess public companies’ “Transition Readiness”, or preparedness for a transition to a global low-carbon economy. Unlike prior low-carbon research that focuses on carbon emissions as a source of potential risk, this five-part framework is designed to capture both a company’s potential risks and opportunities associated with the transition. We construct the Transition Readiness framework on a relative basis, whereby we identify companies we believe to be better prepared for the transition relative to their industry peers. While the framework is designed to enhance investment performance as the global economy transitions to lower-carbon usage, we find that a diversified portfolio of companies that exhibit superior Transition Readiness characteristics has recently outperformed an equivalent market benchmark on a risk-adjusted basis. Finally, we find that a Transition Readiness portfolio has lower carbon emissions intensity and greater exposure to clean technology revenue relative to the market benchmark.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125371093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Panel Modeling of Climate Change","authors":"P. Phillips","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3299480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3299480","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss some conceptual and practical issues that arise from the presence of global energy balance effects on station level adjustment mechanisms in dynamic panel regressions with climate data. The paper provides asymptotic analyses, observational data computations, and Monte Carlo simulations to assess the use of various estimation methodologies, including standard dynamic panel regression and cointegration techniques that have been used in earlier research. The findings reveal massive bias in system GMM estimation of the dynamic panel regression parameters, which arise from fixed effect heterogeneity across individual station level observations. Difference GMM and Within Group (WG) estimation have little bias and WG estimation is recommended for practical implementation of dynamic panel regression with highly disaggregated climate data. Intriguingly, from an econometric perspective and importantly for global policy analysis, it is shown that in this model despite the substantial differences between the estimates of the regression model parameters, estimates of global transient climate sensitivity (of temperature to a doubling of atmospheric CO2) are robust to the estimation method employed and to the specific nature of the trending mechanism in global temperature, radiation, and CO2.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"56 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131638981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Transport for Geological Sequestration - The Issues and Decision Parameters for T&T","authors":"Donnie Boodlal, D. Alexander, Jeneisha Hernandez, R. Maharaj, S. Al Zubaidy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3365668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3365668","url":null,"abstract":"Based on an increasing emphasis on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) sequestration as a carbon management strategy coupled with the growing acceptance that geological sequestration in particular is perhaps one of the most promising carbon management techniques, the inherent aspect of this technique i.e. transportation of CO2 from sources to sinks in a cost effective and safe manner is gaining widespread attention. Emphasis of this mitigation strategy is justified as CO2 transport is often one of the more underestimated components of any geological sequestration capture, transportation and storage chain. Studies were done in evaluating Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) economics for Trinidad and Tobago (T&amp;T), however these did not place any great emphasis on critical aspects of CO2 transportation cost estimation through widespread informed estimates and proper transportation modes and infrastructure options. This paper attempts to address this gap for (T&amp;T).<br><br>The transported CO2 is normally processed in liquid or supercritical phases. The supercritical phase is used with pipelines in continuous flux and the liquid type mainly for batch transportation (e.g. train, truck, ship). CO2 can also be transported in a solid state however this process requires much more energy compared to the other options and is therefore inferior from a cost and energy requirement viewpoint. Transport of CO2 is already a reality, occurring daily in many parts of the world. However, the scale of the transportation infrastructure and investment required to enable large-scale deployment of CCS cannot be underestimated. Since data in these areas is limited for T&amp;T, one of the objectives of this paper is to compare different ways of CO2 transportation from the selected source to the targeted fields in T&amp;T. This analysis will allow for a level of source-sink matching to be incorporated. Among all the options for CO2 transportation, the most economic method of transport depends on factors such as the locations of capture and storage, distance from source to sink, and the quantities of CO2 to be transported. In the case of large amounts of CO2 are to be transported, as may be in the case of T&amp;T, the utilization of pipelines and ships may be the only viable transportation alternatives for CCS purposes. For T&amp;T, the threshold volumes beyond which batch transportation will no longer feasible when compared with the use of pipelines is unknown and the determination of this key threshold value is expected to be another major output of this study.<br><br>The initial methodology employed in this study involved conducting a comprehensive literature review in the area of CO2 transportation. The sources of data for this review were not limited to T&amp;T alone however, where applicable, local data was incorporated to integrate certain key indigenous parameters (such as relatively cheaper electricity rates) that would significantly influence the transportation c","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127422638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Study on the Relationship Among Urbanization, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions","authors":"Wei Zhang, T. Shen, Shiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3407977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3407977","url":null,"abstract":"The article comprehensively considers the relationship between urbanization, economic growth and carbon emissions, select annual data on urbanization, economic growth and carbon emissions from 1978 to 2016 to do an empirical analysis of the two-way dynamic relationship between urbanization, economic growth, and carbon emissions by using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model through impulse response, analysis of variance, and Granger causality test. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between urbanization and economic growth and carbon emissions; Urbanization is a one-way Granger cause of carbon emissions; There is a two-way Granger causal relationship between urbanization and economic growth, and urbanization has a positive effect on economic growth in the long run; Economic growth is a one-way Granger cause of carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"69 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115934414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Renewable Portfolio Standards to Accelerate Development of Negative Emissions Technologies","authors":"Anthony E. Chavez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3123125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3123125","url":null,"abstract":"As society continues to emit greenhouse gases, the likelihood of dangerous climate change occurring increases. Indeed, most analyses project that we must utilize negative emission technologies (NETs) to avoid dangerous warming. Even the Paris Agreement anticipates the implementation of NETs. Unfortunately, NETs are not ready for large-scale deployment. In many instances, their technologies remain uncertain; in others, their ability to operate at the scale required is unknown. Other uncertainties, including their costs, effectiveness, and environmental impacts have yet to be determined. <br><br>A means to accelerate the development and implementation of NETs is a policy that already did the same for renewable energy – Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPSs). RPSs require that providers source a predetermined amount of their electricity from renewable energy. RPSs have an established track record of stimulating investment in renewable energy in the United States and elsewhere. These policies incorporate a number of requirements that jurisdictions can tailor to accommodate local resources, industries, and objectives. <br><br>Similarly, RPSs can facilitate the investment in and development of NETs. RPSs create markets for technologies that encourage compliance with low-cost alternatives. This incentivizes innovation, which lowers costs. Furthermore, jurisdictions can utilize other tools of RPSs, such as technology carve outs and credit multipliers, to encourage development of specific technologies. Using these provisions, states have incentivized the development and installation of renewable energy in general and solar power in particular. <br><br>However, current RPSs are too limited to develop NETs. States need to expand the technologies that satisfy RPS mandates to include NETs, thereby fostering the development of NETs. Over time, states should also expand the economic sectors required to comply with their RPSs to encompass the agriculture, aviation, and manufacturing industries, sectors with emissions that are expensive or difficult to mitigate.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122600138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Degradation and Inclusive Human Development in Sub‐Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Asongu, N. Odhiambo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175098","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of challenges to sustainable development in the post-2015 development agenda, this study assesses how increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions affect inclusive human development in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The following findings are established from Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions. First, unconditional effects and conditional impacts are respectively positive and negative from CO2 emissions per capita, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity. This implies a Kuznets shaped curve because of consistent decreasing returns. Second, the corresponding net effects are consistently positive. The following findings are apparent from Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regressions. First, unconditional effects and conditional impacts are respectively negative and positive from CO2 emissions per capita, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity. This implies a U-shaped curve because of consistent increasing returns. Second, the corresponding net effects are overwhelmingly negative. Based on the robust findings and choice of best estimator, the net effect of increasing CO2 emissions on inclusive human development is negative. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123230684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Carbon Dioxide Removal in Face of Ocean Carbon Sink Feedback","authors":"Vassiliki Manoussi, S. Shayegh, M. Tavoni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3090311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3090311","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a potentially important climate strategy for attaining low climate stabilization objectives. However, climate analysis has indicated a possible weakening of the ocean carbon sinks -the largest in the world- in relation to CDR deployment. Here, we provide an economic appraisal to assess the sensitivity of CDR and conventional abatement to CO2 outgassing from the oceans. We develop a theoretical framework to study the impact of the ocean-to-atmosphere transfer on the optimal mitigation strategies under different regimes that control the relationship between CO2 outgassing and the amount of CDR. We show that the optimal levels of emissions and CDR are correlated to the effectiveness of CDR expressed as a linear function of atmospheric concentrations. We incorporate this effect into an integrated assessment model of climate and economy (DICE model) and confirm the theoretical findings with numerical simulations. Further, we perform a sensitivity analysis to find the range of optimal abatement and CDR actions under different values of the CDR effectiveness coefficient.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116937073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Heterogeneous Climate Policies (Consistent with the Paris Agreement)","authors":"M. Mehling, G. Metcalf, Robert Stavins","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3040676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3040676","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Agreement has achieved one of two key necessary conditions for ultimate success – a broad base of participation among the countries of the world. But another key necessary condition has yet to be achieved – adequate collective ambition of the individual nationally determined contributions. How can the climate negotiators provide a structure that will include incentives to increase ambition over time? An important part of the answer can be international linkage of regional, national, and subnational policies, that is, formal recognition of emission reductions undertaken in another jurisdiction for the purpose of meeting a Party’s own mitigation objectives. A central challenge is how to facilitate such linkage in the context of the very great heterogeneity that characterizes climate policies along five dimensions – type of policy instrument; level of government jurisdiction; status of that jurisdiction under the Paris Agreement; nature of the policy instrument’s target; and the nature along several dimensions of each Party’s Nationally Determined Contribution. We consider such heterogeneity among policies, and identify which linkages of various combinations of characteristics are feasible; of these, which are most promising; and what accounting mechanisms would make the operation of respective linkages consistent with the Paris Agreement.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116913047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Climatorial Imperative","authors":"Julia M. Puaschunder","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2983567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2983567","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has become reality. Climate stability accounts for the most challenging global governance goal. In the very many contemporary writings about global warming, the discussion has been centred around the negative impacts of climate change. The burden of climate change has been thematised and cost-sharing strategies heatedly debated. The need for fairness in sharing the burden of climate change has been argued to consider national economies, the world society but also balance inbetween generations. A warming global earth was recently revealed to hold advantages (Puaschunder, 2017a, b). Based on state-of-the-art welfare function measurements and economic productivity parameters, the economic gains and productivity-efficiency benefits from a warming earth were recently captured (Puaschunder, 2017a, b). Contemporary Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measurements served as basis for estimations about the productivity of the agriculture, industry and service sectors around the warming globe. Results naturally build the intellectual basis for the climatorial imperative – advocating for the need for fairness in the distribution of the global earth benefits among nations based on Kant’s (1983/1993) imperative to only engage in actions one wants to experience themselves being done to oneself. Passive neglect of action on climate mitigation is argued as an active injustice to others. Countries passive or agnostic about global warming mitigation that reap benefits from a warming earth should therefore be obliged to finance international aid for those that are directly and negatively impacted by climate change – for instance, grant automatic asylum to climate refugees. In addition, building on common and international law, those countries that have better means of protection or conservation of the common climate should also face a greater responsibility to protect the earth (Puaschunder, 2016). All these efforts should alleviate the contemporary global governance predicament that seems to pit today’s generation against future world inhabitants in a trade-off of economic growth versus sustainability. Deriving respective policy recommendations and incentives to spread the prospective global warming gains for the wider climate change community around the globe and over time is aimed at ensuring that the shared benefits of climate change reach all contemporary and future world inhabitants around the globe in an economically efficient, legally sound and ethically equitable but also practically feasible way.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124533098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}