IIUM Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Virtual Prototype-based Kinematic Modeling and Simulation of a Multi-mode Amphibious Robot","authors":"M. Rafeeq, S. Toha, Salmiah Ahmad, Mohd Asyraf MOHD RAZIB","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2157","url":null,"abstract":"The amphibious robot, which has the capability of multi-mode motion, can maneuver diverse environments with high mobility and adaptability. These are employed in the area of reconnaissance, search and rescue operations, and monitoring. The existing amphibious robots have lower maneuverability over the crawling period on uneven and slope surfaces on the land. In this paper, a kinematic model of the amphibious robot based on virtual prototyping is designed for multi-mode locomotion. ADAMS (Automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems) is a multi-body dynamic solver adopted to build the simulation model for the robot. The novel amphibious robot employs a Rockerbogie mechanism equipped with wheel paddles. The locomotion analysis on land involves straight-going and obstacle negotiation, which is simulated using ADAMS. The simulation analysis result demonstrates increased maneuverability, achieving a robot's velocity of 1.6 m/s. Normal forces on the front and rear wheels show equal load distribution, contributing more to the robot’s equilibrium over uneven terrain. The simulation result reflects the accurate kinematic characteristics of the amphibious robot and provides a theoretical basis for developing an algorithm for robot motion control and optimization. Further, this research will concentrate on the kinematic simulation maneuvering in water mode with the wheel paddle.\u0000ABSTRAK: Robot amfibia yang memiliki berbilang mod pergerakan, dapat bergerak dalam persekitaran berbeza dengan ketinggian mobiliti dan adaptasi. Kebolehan ini dapat digunakan dalam kawasan pengintipan, operasi pencarian dan menyelamat, dan peninjauan. Robot amfibia sedia ada mempunyai kurang kebolehgerakan sepanjang tempoh merangkak pada permukaan cerun dan permukaan tidak rata pada tanah. Dalam kajian ini, model kinematik robot amfibia berdasarkan prototaip maya dibentuk berdasarkan gerak alih pelbagai mod. Sistem Mekanikal Analisis Dinamik Automatik (ADAMS) adalah penyelesai dinamik berbilang badan telah diadaptasi bagi membina model simulasi robot. Robot amfibia baru dicipta berdasarkan mekanisme Rockerbogie beserta padel tayar. Analisis gerak alih atas tanah ini termasuk gerakan-lurus dan rundingan halangan, disimulasi menggunakan ADAMS. Dapatan simulasi kajian menunjukkan peningkatan kebolehgerakan, mencapai halaju robot sehingga 1.6 m/s. Daya tujahan normal pada depan dan belakang tayar menunjukkan keseimbangan agihan beban, menyumbang lebih kepada keseimbangan robot ke atas permukaan yang tidak rata. Dapatan kajian dari simulasi menunjukkan ciri-ciri kinematik yang tepat pada robot amfibia dan menyediakan teori asas bagi membangunkan algoritma kawalan pergerakan dan pengoptimuman. Seterusnya, kajian ini mengfokuskan simulasi gerakan kinematik dalam mod air beserta padel tayar. ","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85675940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granular Subbase Improvement with Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Tropical Areas","authors":"Daniela L. Vega A., Jose Eduardo Salcedo Fontalvo, Richard Jimenez Triana, Dulce Maria Palacios del Barre, Cesar Fresneda Saldarriaga","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2367","url":null,"abstract":"Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for Granular Subbase (GSB) in the tropical area is evaluated in this work. Among the materials widely studied as replacements in granular and surface layers is RCA. Its mechanical behavior in granular layers has mainly been evaluated with tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR). However, abrasion is also a determining property in the strength of these materials. In this study, the performance of Natural Aggregates (NA) with replacement of RCA was evaluated for use as GSB in a tropical area. Even though several laboratory tests were performed, the focus of the article lies on the performance in the Los Angeles (LA) abrasion test. Two replacement percentages of coarse RCA were considered: 10 and 15 % by weight of aggregates. The RCA and NA were characterized according to different laboratory tests: Granulometry, Absorption, Atterberg Limits test, Plasticity, Specific Gravity, and LA abrasion. In turn, all results were compared with Colombian specifications for a typical GSB in the area. In addition, a simple Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was included to evaluate the environmental impacts of the base and alternative scenarios. The results show that GSB with 10% RCA present a higher abrasion resistance than the GSB with 15% RCA. Even better results are obtained with 10% RCA than with natural GSB. Specifically, average LA abrasion test losses of 30.86, 29.80 and 32.07% were obtained for NA, 10% RCA and 15% RCA, respectively. The LCA results show an increase of 50% and 75% in energy consumption by comparing the base scenario with 10 and 15% RCA replacement, respectively. This leads to an increase of 40 and 80% in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for 10 and 15% RCA replacement respectively, and 100% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for both alternative scenarios.\u0000 \u0000ABSTRAK: Penggunaan Agregat Konkrit Kitar Semula (RCA) bagi Subtapak Butiran (GSB) bagi kawasan tropika telah dikaji dalam kajian ini. Antara bahan yang banyak dikaji sebagai bahan ganti dalam butiran dan lapisan permukaan adalah RCA. Ciri-ciri mekanikal dalam lapisan butiran telah diuji, terutamanya dengan ujian seperti Nisbah Bearing California (CBR). Walau bagaimanapun, pelelasan juga merupakan ciri penting dalam menentukan ketahanan material. Kajian ini merupakan prestasi Agregasi Semulajadi (NA) dengan ganti RCA yang diuji bagi penggunaan GSB di kawasan tropika. Walaupun pelbagai ujian makmal telah dijalankan, fokus artikel ini terletak pada prestasi ujian pelelasan Los Angeles (LA). Dua gantian bagi peratus RCA kasar telah diambil kira: iaitu pada agregat berat 10% dan 15%. Ciri-ciri RCA dan NA dikategori berdasarkan pelbagai ujian lab yang pelbagai: Granulometri, Penyerapan, ujian Had Atterberg, Keplastikan, Graviti Tertentu dan Pelelasan LA. Kemudian, kesemua  dapatan kajian dibandingkan dengan ciri-ciri Kolombia bagi ciri tipikal GSB di kawasan itu. Tambahan, Pentaksiran Kitar Hidup (LCA) yang ringkas dimasukkan bagi menilai impak terhadap a","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88921481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARIMA-LSTM Combination For COVID-19 Case Modeling","authors":"Imam Tahyudin, R. Wahyudi, Hidetaka Nambo","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2134","url":null,"abstract":"The study of SARIMA method in combination with LSTM is interesting to do. This combination method can be convincing and significant because the data collected is numerical and saved based on time. In addition, the proposed method can anticipate datasets, either linear or non-linear. Based on several previous studies, the SARIMA method has the advantage of completing linear datasets while the LSTM method excels in achieving non-linear datasets. Also, both methods have been shown to have an accuracy value compared to some other methods. This study tried to combine the two through several stages of the first stage of applying the SARIMA method using fit datasets (linear data) then residual Dataset (non-linear data) analysed using the LSTM method. The result of the combination methods will be checked for the accuracy value. This research will be compared by using SARIMA and LSTM methods separately. The Dataset used as a trial is COVID-19 patient data in the United States. The results showed that the combination of SARIMA-LSTM method is better than either SARIMA or LSTM alone with RMSE of 0.33905765 and MAE of 0.29077017.\u0000ABSTRAK: Gabungan kaedah kajian SARIMA dengan LSTM adalah menarik untuk dikaji. Gabungan kaedah ini meyakinkan dan penting kerana data yang dikumpulkan bersifat numerik dan disimpan berdasarkan waktu. Selain itu, kaedah yang diusulkan ini dapat menerima set data, samada berkadar langsung atau tidak langsung. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, kaedah SARIMA mempunyai faedah dalam melengkapi set data linear, sedangkan kaedah LSTM berguna dalam mencapai set data tidak-linear. Tambahan, kedua-dua kaedah ini terbukti memiliki nilai ketepatan lebih baik berbanding beberapa kaedah lain. Kajian ini cuba menggabungkan keduanya melalui beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama mengunakan kaedah SARIMA secara set data (data linear) kemudian baki set data (data tidak-linear) dianalisa menggunakan kaedah LSTM. Dapatan dari gabungan kedua-dua kaedah tersebut akan diperiksa nilai ketepatannya. Kajian ini akan dibandingkan melalui kaedah SARIMA dan LSTM secara berasingan. Set data yang digunakan adalah merupakan data pesakit COVID-19 dari Amerika Syarikat. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan gabungan kaedah SARIMA-LSTM memiliki nilai ketepatan yang lebih baik berbanding kaedah SARIMA secara berasingan, dan LSTM dengan RMSE adalah sebanyak 0.33905765 dan MAE sebanyak 0.29077017.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88439288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Approach to Predict Fecal Coliform Removal for Stormwater Biofilters Application","authors":"S. Lai, C. Bu, R. Chin, X. Goh, F. Teo","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2173","url":null,"abstract":"Fecal coliform removal using stormwater biofilters is an important aspect of stormwater management. A model that can provide an accurate prediction of fecal coliform removal is essential. Therefore, feedforward backpropagation neural network (FBNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were developed using a range of input features, namely grass type, the thickness of biofilter, and initial concentration of E. coli, while the estimated final concentration of E. coli was the output variable. The ANFIS model shows a better overall performance than the FBNN model, as it has a higher R2-value of 0.9874, lower MAE and RMSE values of 3.854 and 6.004 respectively, and a smaller average percentage error of 14.2%. Hence, the proposed ANFIS model can be served as an advanced alternative to replace the need for laboratory work.\u0000ABSTRAK: Penyingkiran kolifom tinja menggunakan turas biologi (bioturas) air hujan merupakan aspek penting dalam pengurusan air hujan. Model yang dapat menunjukkan anggaran tepat tentang penyingkiran kolifom tinja adalah penting. Oleh itu, model rangkaian suapan neural perambatan belakang (FBNN) dan sistem adaptasi inferen neuro-fuzi (ANFIS) telah dibentukkan menggunakan pelbagai ciri input, iaitu jenis rumput, ketebalan bioturas dan kepekatan awal E. coli, manakala anggaran kepekatan akhir bagi E. coli merupakan hasil pembolehubah. Model ANFIS menunjukkan peningkatan keseluruhan yang lebih baik berbanding model FBNN, kerana ia mempunyai nilai R2 yang lebih tinggi iaitu 0.9874, nilai MAE dan RMSE yang lebih rendah iaitu sebanyak 3.854 dan 6.004 masing-masing, dan ralat peratusan purata yang lebih kecil sebanyak 14.2%. Oleh itu, model ANFIS yang dicadangkan boleh dijadikan alternatif awal bagi menggantikan keperluan kerja makmal.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86098493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New VLSI Architecture for High-Performance Parallel Turbo Decoder","authors":"Sujatha Elukuru, Subhas Chennapalli, Giriprasad MAHENDRA NANJAPPA","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2272","url":null,"abstract":"Recent wireless communications demand maximum achievable data rates without intervention. The channel decoder in the physical layer would support such high data rates with a flexible hardware structure. The turbo channel decoder offers flexible hardware architecture and reliable decoding, but the turbo decoder design is complex and its hardware architecture consumes more power and area in a communication system. Hence, an optimized high-performance turbo decoder architecture with simplified QPP interleaver is needed for supporting various data rates. In this context, this article presents a new hardware architecture with a three-stage pipeline parallel turbo decoding process and each MAP decoder in the proposed parallel turbo decoder with a three-stage micro pipeline processing is presented. The proposed structure optimized the circuit complexity and improved the throughput through parallel pipeline decoding.  Also, this article presents a simplified semi-recursive QPP interleaver, which avoids complex ‘mod‘ operations for a high-performance turbo decoder. The performance analysis has been done using Model sim, Xilinx Vivado design suite, and estimated performance analysis was observed on various 28 nm CMOS technology FPGAs and compared with the conventional designs. Analysis of the proposed design showed improvement in throughput up to 55.6% and a reduction in the power consumption up to 43% as compared to the recently reported architectures.\u0000ABSTRAK: Komunikasi tanpa wayar terkini menuntut kadar data maksimum yang boleh dicapai tanpa intervensi. Penyahkod saluran dalam lapisan fizikal akan menyokong kadar data yang tinggi dengan struktur perkakasan fleksibel. Penyahkod saluran turbo menawarkan seni bina perkakasan fleksibel dan penyahkodan yang boleh dipercayai. Tetapi, penyahkod turbo merupakan blok yang kompleks, lebih berkuasa dan menggunakan kawasan yang luas dalam sistem komunikasi. Oleh itu, seni bina penyahkod turbo optimum berprestasi tinggi dengan antara lembar QPP yang mudah diperlukan bagi menyokong pelbagai kadar data. Dalam konteks ini, kajian ini merupakan seni bina perkakas baru dengan proses penyahkod turbo selari bersama salur paip tiga peringkat dan setiap penyahkod MAP yang dicadangkan dalam penyahkod turbo selari bersama proses saluran paip mikro tiga peringkat dibentangkan. Struktur yang dicadangkan dapat mengurangkan kerumitan litar dan meningkatkan daya pemprosesan melalui penyahkodan saluran paip selari. Selain itu, kajian ini merupakan antara lembar mudah QPP rekursif, yang dapat mengelakkan operasi 'mod' yang kompleks bagi penyahkod turbo berprestasi tinggi. Analisis prestasi telah dilakukan menggunakan sim Model, reka bentuk suit Xilinx Vivado, dan analisis prestasi anggaran telah diperhatikan pada pelbagai teknologi FPGA CMOS 28 nm dan dibandingkan dengan reka bentuk konvensional. Analisis reka bentuk yang dicadangkan menunjukkan peningkatan sepanjang 55.6% dan pengurangan penggunaan kuasa sehingga 43% berbanding sen","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87208217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Distribution Network Reconfiguration Using Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search Algorithm","authors":"Azrin Saedi, M. S. Abu Hanifah, Hilmi HELA LADIN, S. Yusoff","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2190","url":null,"abstract":"In power system electricity delivery, the distribution system has the most electricity loss as the system has the highest R/X ratio and has a radial network at one time. Optimal reconfiguration of the distribution network is needed in order to reduce power losses. However, as it is also involved with multiple objectives and constraint problems such as switching frequency, voltage, and current limits, it is difficult to find the optimal solution. Hence, this paper proposes the Multi-objective Cuckoo Search (MOCS) algorithm to find the optimal reconfiguration of distribution networks by considering minimizing power losses and switch operations. Based on the simulation results on the IEEE-33 bus system, the performance of the MOCS-based scheme has been found to be significantly better than the single-objective algorithm thereby reducing approximately 33% of the power losses.\u0000ABSTRAK Melalui sistem penghantaran jana kuasa elektrik, sistem pengagihan mempunyai pembaziran tenaga elektrik terbesar kerana sistem ini mempunyai nisbah R/X paling tinggi dan mempunyai satu rangkaian radial pada tiap-tiap satu masa. Konfigurasi semula rangkaian pengedaran yang optimum diperlukan bagi mengurangkan pembaziran tenaga. Walaubagaimanapun, oleh kerana ia melibatkan objektif dan kekangan masalah yang pelbagai seperti kadar peralihan, had voltan serta arus, adalah sukar bagi mendapatkan bacaan yang optimum. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan Carian Cuckoo Pelbagai Objektif (MOCS) bagi mencari konfigurasi semula yang optimum bagi sistem pengagihan tenaga dengan mengambil kira pengurangan pembaziran tenaga dan kadar peralihan. Berdasarkan keputusan simulasi pada sistem bas IEEE-33, pretasi MOCS telah menunjukkan peningkatan yang ketara berbanding algoritma objektif tunggal dan pengurangan sebanyak 33% tenaga.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77218370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earlier Denaturation of DNA By Using Novel Ternary Hybrid Nanoparticles","authors":"Mohammed Zayan Jalal, A. John, A. Rasheed, Batoul Alallam, Mohammed Khalid, A. Ismail, Hamzah Salleh","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2148","url":null,"abstract":"Two novel ternary hybrid nanoparticles (THNp) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxides (rGO) were added to samples of DNA. The effect of the addition of nanoparticles on the thermal denaturation of DNA samples was studied by measuring the absorbance using a temperature-controlled Perkin Elmer UV spectrophotometer. Adding GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag nanoparticles lowered the denaturation temperature of template DNA significantly. The nanoparticles affect the denaturation rate. The optimal GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag concentrations were found to be 5 × 10-2, which resulted in 86- and 180-folds augmentation of DNA denaturation (6.5 µg/mL), respectively, while it resulted in 2- and 7-folds augmentation of DNA denaturation (11.5 µg/mL), respectively, at temperature as low as 80 °C. The results indicated that rGO-TiO2-Ag nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher DNA denaturation enhancement than rGO-TiO2-Ag nanoparticles, owing to their enhanced thermal conductivity effect. Therefore, these nanoparticles could help to get improved PCR yield, hence enable amplification to be performed for longer cycles by lowering the denaturation temperatures.\u0000ABSTRAK:  Dua ternar baru nanopartikel hibrid (THNp) mengandungi oksida grapen (GO) dan oksida grapen yang dikurangkan (rGO) dan dimasukkan ke dalam sampel DNA. Kesan penambahan nanopartikel pada denaturasi termal pada sampel DNA telah dikaji dengan mengukur penyerapan menggunakan kawalan-suhu Perkin Elmer UV spektrofotometer. Penambahan GO-TiO2-Ag dan rGO-TiO2-Ag nanopartikel telah mengurangkan suhu denaturasi pada templat DNA dengan nyata. Nanopartikel memberi kesan pada kadar denaturasi. Kepekatan optimal GO-TiO2-Ag dan rGO-TiO2-Ag didapati sebanyak 5 × 10-2, menyebabkan penambahan sebanyak 86- dan 180-lipat pada DNA denaturasi (6.5 µg/mL), masing-masing, sementara ia menyebabkan sebanyak 2- dan 7-lipat penambahan pada DNA denaturasi (11.5 µg/mL), masing-masing, pada suhu serendah 80 °C. Dapatan menunjukkan nanopartikel rGO-TiO2-Ag mempunyai kenaikan penambahan DNA denaturasi nyata berbanding nanopartikel rGO-TiO2-Ag, disebabkan kesan kekonduksian penambahan suhu. Oleh itu, nanopartikel ini dapat membantu bagi penambah baikan pengeluaran PCR, membolehkan penguatan dapat dilakukan dalam kitaran lebih lama dengan merendahkan suhu denaturasi.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81642363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Sintering Properties of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics Synthesized From Clamshell Biowaste","authors":"C. Ng, S. Lee, Chin Hong Tan, Ramesh Singh, C. Ting, Y. Chuah, C. Y. Tan, U. Sutharsini","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2143","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a type of calcium phosphate-based bioactive ceramic that resembles the mineral phase of bone and teeth with great potential for bone substitution and biomedical implants. Biogenic-derived HA emerges as a cheap and eco-sustainable alternative to improve waste utilization. However, hydroxyapatite has limited applications due to its apparent brittleness, thus prompting investigation for enhanced sintering properties.  In the present study, the combination of calcination and chemical precipitation technique was used to extract hydroxyapatite (HA) from ark clamshells (Anadara granosa). The method successfully produced HA powder with a Ca/P ratio of 1.6 and characteristic bands corresponded to pure HA via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized HA powder was then sintered at temperatures ranging from 1200 °C to 1300 °C, followed by mechanical evaluation of the density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and grain size. It was revealed that the samples sintered at 1250 °C achieved a relative density of ~88%, Vickers hardness of 5.01 ± 0.39 GPa, fracture toughness of 0.88 ± 0.07 MPa.m1/2 and average grain size of ~3.7 µm. Overall, the results suggest that ark clamshell synthesized HA (ACS) had the potential to be used as functional bioceramics for biomedical applications.\u0000ABSTRAK: Hidroksiapatit (HA) adalah sejenis seramik bioaktif berasaskan kalsium fosfat yang menyerupai fasa mineral tulang dan gigi, berpotensi besar mengantikan tulang dalam implan bioperubatan. HA yang berasal dari biogenik muncul sebagai alternatif yang murah dan eko-lestari dalam menambah baik pengurusan sisa. Walau bagaimanapun, hidroksiapatit mempunyai aplikasi yang terhad kerana mempunyai kerapuhan yang ketara, menyebabkan penyelidikan diperlukan bagi meningkatkan sifat sintering. Gabungan teknik kalsinasi dan pemendakan kimia telah digunakan dalam kajian ini, bagi mengekstrak hidroksiapatit (HA) dari kulit kerang (Anadara granosa). Kaedah ini telah berjaya menghasilkan serbuk HA dengan nisbah 1.6 Ca/P dan jalur puncak sepadan dengan HA tulen melalui Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Serbuk HA ini kemudian disinter pada suhu antara 1200 °C hingga 1300 °C, diikuti penilaian mekanikal pada ketumpatan, kekerasan Vickers, kerapuhan dan ukuran bijirin. Hasil ujian menunjukkan bahawa sampel yang disinter pada suhu 1250 °C mencapai ~88% ketumpatan relatif, kekerasan Vickers 5.01 ± 0.39 GPa, kerapuhan pada 0.88 ± 0.07 MPa.m1/2 dan purata ukuran butiran ~ 3.7 µm. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kulit kerang HA yang disentisis (ACS) berpotensi sebagai bioseramik bagi aplikasi bioperubatan.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75284843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Feed Flowrates on the Physical Properties and Antioxidant of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) Encapsulated Powder","authors":"S. K. Abdul Mudalip, M. N. Kathiman, J. Gimbun","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1713","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experimental study on the encapsulation of Mahkota Dewa extracts by maltodextrin using spray drying. The bioactive compound from dried Mahkota Dewa was obtained using a subcritical water extraction process prior to a spray drying process. The effect of feed flow rate (485 to 2115 ml/h) was investigated using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT). It was observed that the mean particle size increase varied from 3.55 to 8.38 µm when the feed flow rate increased from 485 to 2115 ml/h. Moisture content increased 4.88 to 6.83% as the feed flow rate increased from 485 to 2115 ml/h, whereas the antioxidant activity increased slightly from 90.48 to 91.65%. The findings from this study showed that decrease in feed flow rate reduces antioxidant activity, moisture content, and particle size.\u0000ABSTRAK: Kertas kerja ini adalah berkenaan kajian eksperimen melalui proses pengkapsulan ekstrak buah Mahkota Dewa dengan menggunakan maltodekstrin melalui teknik pengeringan semburan. Sebatian bioaktif dari buah Mahkota Dewa kering diperoleh melalui teknik pengekstrakan air subkritikal sebelum proses pengeringan semburan. Kesan kadar aliran masuk (485 hingga 2115 ml/jam) dikaji menggunakan konsep satu-faktor-pada-satu-masa (OFAT). Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa purata saiz zarah meningkat dari 3.55 kepada 8.38 µm ketika kadar aliran masuk meningkat dari 485 sehingga 2115 ml/jam. Kandungan kelembapan meningkat dari 4.88 kepada 6.83% dengan kenaikan kadar aliran masuk dari 485 hingga 2115 ml/jam, sedangkan aktiviti antioksida meningkat sedikit dari 90.48 hingga 91.65%. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penurunan kadar aliran masuk berkurang melalui aktiviti antioksida, kandungan kelembapan dan saiz zarah.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83660277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Water Pollution Detector Using Conductivity And Turbidity Principles","authors":"H. Mansor, Nurulhasanah Amir Hamzah Maju, T. S. Gunawan, Robiah Ahmad","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2168","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution has caused negative impacts on human health as humans depend solely on water for drinking, cooking, and cleaning. Even more worrying is that the number of polluted rivers seems to increase as time progresses. Due to no real-time monitoring device being implemented, the authorities are unaware of any given river's real-time conditions. Therefore, this research aims to control the water pollution issue by designing and developing a low-cost device that can detect water pollutants and notifies the authorities if abnormalities occur. In this work, various water pollution sources in Malaysia have been identified: biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, and suspended solids. The general performance of the proposed device is also evaluated and analyzed. Water quality data is collected by the sensors and is sent to an IoT platform called ThingSpeak through a Wi-Fi module to be visualized and displayed. When the pollution is detected, the website will alert local authorities for their prompt actions. From the experiment conducted, the developed conductivity sensor managed to give readings with 6.84% and 6.35% error compared to the sensor in a benchmark paper and the ready-made sensor, respectively. Besides, the turbidity sensor also managed to give accurate readings according to various types of solution. The success of this research would help to reduce river pollution and provide positive outcomes to the environment.\u0000ABSTRAK: Pencemaran air telah menyebabkan kesan negatif terhadap kesihatan manusia kerana kebergantungan mereka terhadap air untuk minum, memasak dan mencuci. Lebih membimbangkan adalah, jumlah sungai tercemar yang semakin meningkat seiring tahun-tahun yang berlalu. Oleh kerana tiada alat pemantauan masa nyata yang dilaksanakan, pihak berkuasa tidak menyedari keadaan semasa air sungai. Oleh itu, projek ini bertujuan bagi mengawal masalah pencemaran air dengan merancang dan menghasilkan alat kos rendah yang dapat mengesan pencemaran air dan memberitahu pihak berkuasa sekiranya berlaku bacaan yang tidak normal. Melalui kajian ini, pelbagai sumber pencemaran air di Malaysia telah dikenal pasti: permintaan oksigen biokimia, nitrogen amonia dan pepejal terampai. Prestasi umum alat ini juga dinilai dan dianalisis. Kualiti data air dikumpulkan oleh pengimbas dan maklumat dihantar ke platform IoT yang disebut ThingSpeak melalui modul Wi-Fi bagi tujuan tinjauan dan paparan. Apabila pencemaran dikesan, laman web tersebut akan memberi amaran kepada pihak berkuasa tempatan untuk tindakan segera. Melalui eksperimen yang dijalankan, pengimbas kekonduksian yang dihasilkan berjaya memberikan bacaan dengan ralat 6.84% dan 6.35% berbanding pengimbas yang terdapat di kertas penanda aras dan pengimbas siap pakai. Selain itu, pengimbas kekeruhan yang digunakan mampu memberikan bacaan yang tepat mengikut pelbagai jenis larutan. Projek ini diharap dapat membantu mengurangkan pencemaran sungai dan memberikan impak positif kepada alam sekita","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85833663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}