IIUM Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Improvement of Problematic Soil Using Crumb Rubber Tyre","authors":"N. A. Saparudin, N. Kasim, K. A. TAIB, W. N. A. W. AZAHAR, N. Kasim, M. Ali","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2293","url":null,"abstract":"Construction on problematic soil that has low bearing capacity, low shear strength, high compressibility, and high water-content will interfere with the smooth construction process and will affect time and cost due to repetitive maintenance. Pavement built on problematic soil as its subgrade is exposed to pavement failures, such as fatigue cracking, longitudinal cracking, and pumping, owing to swelling or shrinkage due to moisture variation and differential settlement. Therefore, improvement of the ground needs to commence so as to improve its load bearing capacity, in order to sustain the load on top of it. Consequently, the main aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of crumb tyre rubber mixed with soil samples as one of the soil stabilisation techniques and to establish the optimum usage percentage of crumb tyre rubber as a stabiliser. Clayey sand soil was mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% of crumb tyre rubber by weight of the soil sample and was tested for physical properties, such as particle size distribution and plasticity index. In obtaining the changes in strength, mixed clayey sand-crumb tyre rubber samples were subjected to compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. The results showed that the increment of crumb tyre rubber percentage as an additive, increased the CBR value and therefore enhanced the strength of the modified soil. However, the crumb tyre rubber stabiliser affected the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the modified samples by decreasing their values. The optimum percentage of crumb tyre rubber mixture was found to be 10% by weight at the end of this study. These findings indicate that the measured crumb tyre rubber is suitable for supporting the clayey sand soil for the subgrade of pavement construction.\u0000ABSTRAK: Pembinaan di atas tanah bermasalah yang mengandungi kapasiti galas rendah, kekuatan ricih rendah, kebolehmampatan tinggi dan kandungan air tinggi akan mengganggu kelancaran proses pembinaan dan akan menjejaskan kekangan masa dan wang akibat penyelenggaraan berulang. Jalan raya yang dibina di atas tanah yang bermasalah akan mengalami kegagalan turapan seperti keretakan, rekahan membujur dan pengepaman, disebabkan oleh subgrednya terdedah kepada pembengkakan atau pengecutan akibat perubahan kelembapan dan pemendapan berbeza. Oleh itu, penambah baikan tanah perlu dilakukan bagi mencapai kapasiti galas beban lebih baik untuk menampung beban di atasnya. Oleh itu, tujuan utama kajian ini adalah bagi menentukan keberkesanan serpihan tayar getah yang dicampur dengan sampel tanah sebagai salah satu teknik penstabilan tanah dan menentukan peratusan optimum penggunaan tayar getah sebagai penstabil. Tanah pasir liat sebagai bahan utama dalam kajian ini dicampur dengan 5%, 10% dan 15% serbuk tayar getah mengikut berat sampel tanah dan telah diuji sifat fizikalnya, seperti taburan saiz zarah dan indeks keplastikan. Perubahan dalam kekuatan ditentukan dengan cara menggaul sebatian sampel taya","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82097797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Leachate Upon Hydrothermal Treatment Processing: Case Study of Ampang District Municipal Solid Waste Leachate","authors":"Hadi Purwanto, S. S. Khamis, H. Mohd Salleh, A. N. Rozhan, M. Abd. Rahman, R. Othman","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2196","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate is a hazardous liquid produced from decomposition of solid waste with high amount of organic matter and ammonia-nitrogen with obnoxious smell. This study aimed to investigate the behavior of MSW leachate when subjected to hydrothermal treatment using an autoclave set up at below water critical points (temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C at 0.1 MPa, 0.4 MPa and 1.6 MPa, respectively) with 15 min and 60 min holding time. Physicochemical characterization of the setup at 200 °C and 1.6 MPa at 60 min holding time indicates a feasible parameter when materials that caused the dark color and obnoxious smell were almost completely removed. Over 99% of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen was eliminated when treated with hydrothermal treatment and yielded a condensed liquid product that complied with permissible limits set by the National Water Quality Standard Malaysia and the World Health Organization for wastewater discharges for irrigation purposes. Chromatographic analysis indicated that most of the organic compounds present in the raw leachate was removed. This processing is believed to be an environmentally friendly method that can treat MSW leachate rapidly, and it has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to existing leachate treatment technologies.\u0000ABSTRAK Larut lesap daripada sisa pepejal perbandaran merupakan cecair merbahaya yang berlaku semasa penguraian sisa pepejal dengan jumlah bahan organik dan ammonia-nitrogen yang tinggi dengan bau menjengkelkan. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi mengkaji sifat larut lesap ini apabila melalui rawatan hidroterma menggunakan autoklaf yang ditetapkan di bawah titik kritikal air (suhu 100 °C, 150 °C, dan 200 °C pada 0.1 MPa, 0.4 MPa dan 1.6 MPa masing-masing) dengan tempoh masa 15 minit dan 60 minit. Sifat fizikal kimia yang dirawat pada suhu 200 °C, 1.6 MPa selama 60 minit menunjukkan satu parameter yang boleh dilaksanakan apabila warna gelap dan bau yang menjengkelkan hampir dikurangkan sepenuhnya. Lebih 99% ammonia nitrogen disingkirkan apabila dirawat dengan rawatan hidrotherma dan menghasilkan air bersih yang mematuhi had yang dibenarkan oleh Piawaian Kualiti Air Kebangsaan Malaysia (NWQSM) dan Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) bagi pelupusan air sisa pepejal bagi tujuan pengairan. Analisis kromatografi menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian besar sebatian organik yang terdapat dalam larut resap telah disingkirkan. Pemprosesan ini diyakini merupakan kaedah mesra alam yang dapat merawat dengan cepat, dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai alternatif efektif untuk teknologi rawatan larut lesap sedia ada.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75281186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Low Carbon Nanotubes Dosage on Chromium Removal from Water","authors":"Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabashi Abuelfutouh, Firdaus Abd-Wahab, Warqaa Muhammed Bahaaddin, Lubna M. MUSA, Abdurahman Nour Hamid, Isam Y. QUDSIEH","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper involves a method of eliminating hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from the synthetic water via a low dosage of carbon nanotubes (CNT). The ability of CNT to remove Cr(VI) from synthetic water through the adsorption process was studied in batch experimentation. The findings revealed up to 100% elimination of Cr(VI) in the 0.07 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration. These excessive elimination proficiencies were credited to the powerful adsorption of chromium ions to the physical properties of the CNT. A pattern layout was created in these experimental runs in order to locate the ideal situation of the Cr(VI) deletion from synthetic water. To accomplish the purposes of the experiment, there were 4 independent variables influencing several points, namely the CNT dosage, the pH of the water, the agitation speed, and the contact time. The StatGraphics Centurion XV software has been used to create the adsorption equivalence and to discover the major impacts to the elimination of Cr(VI). The results show that the adsorption capability of the carbon nanotubes was considerably reliant on the pH of the Cr(VI) solution, supported by the CNT dosage, the contact time, and the agitation speed. The expected optimization, using the adsorption equation, shows that a 1 mg CNT dosage with a pH=2, 120 minutes contact time, and moderate agitation rate at 150 rpm is the most optimal.\u0000ABSTRAK: Kajian ini melibatkan kaedah bagi menyingkirkan kromium (VI) dari air sintetik menggunakan karbon tiub nano berdos rendah. Eksperimen kelompok dilakukan bagi menentukan keupayaaan karbon tiub nano menyingkirkan Cr(VI) dari air sintetik melalui proses penjerapan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Cr(VI) telah disingkirkan sebanyak 100% dari kepekatan 0.07 mg/L Cr(VI). Kecekapan penyingkiran ini adalah disebabkan penjerapan ion-ion kromium yang kuat terhadap sifat fizikal nano tiub karbon tersebut. Rekabentuk eksperimen telah dibina bagi menentukan peringkat optima penyingkiran Cr(VI) dari air sintetik. Bagi mencapai matlamat kajian, empat faktor yang terdiri daripada dos nano tiub karbon, pH air, kelajuan goncangan dan masa sentuhan diukur. Perisian StatGraphics Centurion XV telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan nilai setara proses penjerapan dan kesan utama yang menyebabkan tersingkirnya Cr(VI). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keupayaan penjerapan oleh nano tiub karbon sangat bergantung kepada pH larutan Cr(VI), disusuli dengan dos nano tiub karbon masa sentuhan dan kelajuan goncangan. Penjerapan optimum Cr(VI) dapat dicapai pada tahap 1 mg dos nano tiub karbon, larutan pada pH 2, masa sentuhan selama 120 minit dengan kelajuan goncangan sebanyak 150 rpm.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78956902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Shear Walls having Different Thicknesses and Different Positions","authors":"R. Resatoglu, Shahram Jkhsi","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2070","url":null,"abstract":"Ductility is one of the main criteria in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. ASCE 7-10 seismic design code recognizes the importance of ductility in earthquake-resistant structures. The structures need to be designed to have sufficient strength and ductility for overall safety against earthquake forces. Both the strength and the ductility are mutually associated to enhance structural seismic safety in this study. Previous studies showed that a shear wall gives different performance based on its position in building structures. This paper presents the position of the shear walls and shear wall thicknesses effects on ductility. A total of 96 two-dimensional (2D) models are analyzed for this work using ETABS software. The non-linear static analysis (pushover) method is used to analyze and design these RC building structures with shear walls. It is concluded that an increase in shear wall thickness causes a decrease in ductility values, and a decrease in ductility value will also occur when the shear wall position changes from edge to middle.\u0000ABSTRAK: Kemuluran adalah salah satu kriteria utama dalam struktur konkrit bertulang (RC). Kod reka bentuk ASCE 7-10 seismik dunia menyedari pentingnya kemuluran dalam struktur tahan gempa. Struktur perlu dibina bagi mencapai ketahanan kekuatan dan kemuluran yang mencukupi bagi keselamatan keseluruhan terhadap kekuatan gempa. Kekuatan dan kemuluran dihubungkan bersama bagi meningkatkan keselamatan tahan gempa dalam kajian ini. Kajian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahawa dinding ricih memberikan prestasi yang berbeza berdasarkan kedudukannya dalam struktur bangunan. Kertas ini menunjukkan kedudukan dinding ricih dan ketebalan dinding ricih kesan pada kemuluran. Sebanyak 96 model dua dimensi (2D) dianalisis dalam kajian ini menggunakan perisian ETABS. Kaedah analisis statik bukan linear (pushover) digunakan bagi menganalisis dan merancang struktur bangunan RC ini dengan dinding ricih. Kesimpulannya peningkatan ketebalan dinding ricih menyebabkan penurunan nilai kemuluran, dan penurunan nilai kemuluran juga akan terjadi ketika posisi dinding ricih berubah dari tepi ke tengah.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88823778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting of infection prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using regression analysis","authors":"Komiljon Usarov, A. Ahmedov, M. Abasiyanik, K. Ku Khalif","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2164","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming may have a significant impact on human health because of the growth of the population of harmful bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori infection. It is crucial to predict the prevalence of a pathogen in a society in a faster and more cost-effective way in order to manage caused disease. In this research, we have done predictive analysis of H. pylori infection spread behavior with respect to weather parameters (e.g., humidity, dew point, temperature, pressure, and wind speed) of Istanbul based on a database from Istanbul Samatya Hospital. We developed a forecasting model to predict H. pylori infection prevalence. The goal is to develop a machine learning model to predict H. pylori (Hp) related infection diseases (e.g., gastric ulcer diseases, gastritis) based on climate variables. The dataset for this study covered years from 1999 to 2003 and contained a total of 7014 rows from the Samatya Hospital in Istanbul.  The weather information related to those years and location, including humidity (H), dew point (D), temperature (T), pressure (P) and wind speed (W), were collected from the following website: https://www.wunderground.com. In this paper we analyzed the forecasting model, which was used to predict H. pylori infection prevalence, by non-linear multivariate linear regression model (MLRM). We applied the non-linear least square method of minimization for the sum of squares to find optimal parameters of MLRM. Multiple Regression Method was used to determine the correlation between a criterion variable and a combination of predictor variables. It was established that the Hp infection disease is most influenced by humidity. Hp prevalence is modelled using the Multiple Regression Method equation, the average H, D, T, P, and W were the most important parameters to deviation of the datasets (testing dataset was 17% and 18% for training dataset). This showed that the statistical model predicts the Hp prevalence with about 83% accuracy of the testing data set (11 months) and 87% accuracy of the training data set (42 months). Based on the proposed model, monthly infection can be predicted early for medical services to take preventative measures and for government to prepare against the bacteria. In addition, drug producers can adjust their drug production rates based on forecasting results.  \u0000ABSTRAK: Pemanasan global mungkin mempunyai kesan langsung terhadap kesihatan manusia kerana pertambahan populasi bakteria merbahaya seperti infeksi H. pylori. Adalah penting bagi mengesan kehadiran patogen dalam masyarakat bagi mengawal penularan penyakit dengan cepat, dan melalui kaedah kurang mahal. Kajian ini berkaitan analisis ramalan penularan infeksi H. pylori secara langsung terhadap parameter cuaca (cth: kelembapan, titik embun, suhu, tekanan, kelajuan angin) di Istanbul berdasarkan data dari Hospital Samatya Istanbul. Kajian ini membentuk model ramalan bagi menjangka penyebaran infeksi H. pylori. Matlamat adalah bagi mencipta model pembelaj","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89058600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure Slicing and Allocation of Resources of 5G Networks In Software-Defined Networking / Network Functions Virtualization","authors":"Ali Jasim Ramadhan Al-Aameri","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1763","url":null,"abstract":"In 5G communications, higher data rates and lower latency are needed due to the high traffic rate. Though resource wastage is avoided by secure slicing, sliced networks are exploited by DDoS attackers. Thus, in the present paper, traffic-aware setting up is PRESENTED for resource allocation and secure slicing over the virtualization of 5G networks enabled by software-defined network/network functions. In the proposed method (called T-S3RA), to authenticate user devices, Boolean logic is used with key derivation based on passwords. Moreover, the traffic arrangement is based on the 5G access points. To implement secure resource allocation and network slicing, deep learning models are used. Renyi entropy computation is employed to predict the DDoS attackers. Through the experimental results, the effectiveness of the presented approach is proved.\u0000ABSTRAK: Melalui komunikasi 5G, kadar data yang tinggi dan latensi yang rendah amat diperlukan kerana kadar trafik yang tinggi. Walaupun pembaziran sumber dapat dielakkan melalui pemotongan selamat, rangkaian yang dipotong sering dieksploitasi oleh penyerang DDoS. Oleh itu, kajian ini menyediakan persekitaran sedar-trafik bagi peruntukan sumber dan pemotongan selamat ke atas rangkaian 5G secara maya melalui fungsi rangkaian takrif-perisian. Melaui pendekatan yang dicadangkan (iaitu T-S3RA), peranti pengguna disahkan terlebih dahulu menggunakan logik Boolean dengan perolehan kunci berdasarkan kata laluan. Di samping itu, susunan trafik adalah berdasarkan titik akses 5G. Bagi melaksanakan peruntukan sumber yang selamat dan pemotongan rangkaian, model pembelajaran mendalam telah digunakan. Pengiraan Entropi Renyi dibuat bagi meramal penyerang DDoS. Dapatan eksperimen mengesahkan keberkesanan pendekatan yang dicadangkan.","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85737807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuzzy Logic and PI Controller for Photovoltaic Panel Battery Charging System","authors":"Mazbahur Rahman Khan, S. Motakabber, Ahm Zahirul Alam, Syed Ahmad Fawwaz Wafa","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2385","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the nonlinear property of the PV panels, there are a few significant restrictions and limitations in the PV solar system. The PV panels always have to depend on environmental conditions such as temperature and solar radiation to generate efficient power. This paper proposed an optimum control system that can handle the uncertainties and nonlinearities of any system by using the Fuzzy Logic Control system (FLC). The proposed system utilized an FLC system for a DC-DC boost converter, tracking the PV panel’s maximum power point (MPPT). A PI control system is also used to maintain the continuous power supply for an optimum battery charging system for the DC-DC Buck converter. The goal is to provide constant voltage and appropriate current for charging the battery. It will increase the system efficiency and reduce the losses. It would also increase the battery life cycle and help the battery to charge fast. There are several MPPT methods found in the literature. The FLC can make a precise decision by considering the environmental state of the system. It can get a response to nonlinear environmental conditions instantly. The proposed system yielded an expected accuracy of 92% to 96%, with a system efficiency of 76% to 83%. Besides, it does not require any knowledge about the system since it is a rule-based system. The entire system has been designed in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results have been analyzed under 9 environmental states in a 1.0 s period.\u0000ABSTRAK: Berdasarkan struktur tak linear panel PV, terdapat beberapa faktor kekangan yang jelas dan had tertentu dalam sistem solar PV. Panel PV selalunya sering bergantung kepada kondisi persekitaran seperti suhu dan radiasi solar bagi menghasilkan tenaga optimum. Kajian ini mencadangkan sistem kawalan optimum yang dapat mengawal ketidaktentuan dan ketidak linearan apa-apa sistem menggunakan sistem Kawalan Logik Fuzi (FLC). Sistem yang dicadangkan ini menggunakan sistem FLC bagi penukaran penggalak DC-DC, mengesan titik tenaga maksimum panel PV (MPPT). Sistem Kawalan PI turut digunakan bagi menyediakan bekalan tenaga berterusan untuk sistem pengecas bateri optimum melalui penukaran Balik DC-DC. Matlamat adalah bagi menghasilkan voltan berterusan & arus mencukupi bagi mengecas bateri. Ia dapat meningkatkan kecekapan sistem dan mengurangkan pembaziran tenaga. Ia juga dapat meningkatkan kitaran hayat bateri dan membantu bateri mengecas dengan cepat. Terdapat beberapa kaedah MPPT dijumpai dalam kajian terdahulu. FLC dapat menghasilkan keputusan tepat dengan mengambil kira keadaan persekitaran pada sistem tersebut. Ia dapat memberi respon kepada keadaan persekitaran tak linear dengan serta merta. Sistem yang dicadangkan menghasilkan ketepatan yang dijangkakan sebanyak 92% hingga 96%, dengan kecekapan sistem sebanyak 76% hingga 83%. Selain itu, ia tidak memerlukan apa-apa pengetahuan tentang sistem tersebut kerana sistem ini berdasarkan aturan. Keseluruhan sistem dibangunkan menggunakan MATLAB/Sim","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81022062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and Thermal Conductive Properties of Natural And Synthetic Cellulose Reinforced Epoxy Composites","authors":"Omran Shabeeb, Dawood Mahjoob, Hamid Mahan, Muammel M. Hanon","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2182","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and synthetic cellulose-based composites have been used widely as they have many advantages, the most significant of which are lightweight, durable, strong, flexible, and resistant to corrosion. Although several studies have reviewed the characteristics of these composites, only limited research has investigated combining both natural and synthetic cellulose together. In this study, the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin reinforced with different additives (sawdust and industrial cellulose) will be explored. To do this, four samples of different materials were prepared at room temperature. The first sample consisted of 100% epoxy, whilst the next sample contained 95 wt.% epoxy and 5 wt.% industrial cellulose. The third sample contained 95 wt.% epoxy and 5 wt.% natural cellulose (sawdust), and the final sample contained 95 wt.% epoxy, 2.5 wt.% natural cellulose and 2.5 wt.% industrial cellulose. The findings indicated that mechanical properties and thermal insulation can be enhanced by adding natural cellulose to the mixture. Compared to the pristine epoxy, the improvement ratios for mechanical properties were as follows: tensile strength 25%, impact strength 16.6%, and hardness 6.9%, while the results were negative for bending resistance (3.9% less). In terms of thermal properties, the sawdust/epoxy composite showed better insulation (29% higher) than neat epoxy resin. These promising findings suggest the proposed composite can be a good alternative in numerous applications such as automotive parts and building construction that require superior mechanical characteristics and thermal insulation.\u0000ABSTRAK: Komposit semula jadi dan sintetik berasaskan selulosa telah banyak digunakan secara meluas kerana ia mempunyai banyak faedah, dan yang paling penting ianya ringan, tahan lama, kuat, fleksibel dan tahan hakisan. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian telah dilakukan pada ciri-ciri yang terdapat pada bahan komposit ini, terdapat kurang kajian dilakukan ke atas gabungan Bersama kedua-dua bahan semua jadi dan sintetik selulosa. Kajian ini adalah tentang suhu dan ciri-ciri mekanikal damar epoksi yang diperkukuhkan dengan pelbagai bahan tambahan seperti serbuk gergaji dan selulosa industri. Bagi menghasilkan bahan kajian ini, empat sampel dari bahan berbeza disediakan pada suhu bilik. Sampel pertama terdiri daripada epoksi 100%, sementara sampel berikutnya mengandungi epoksi 95 wt.% dan selulosa industri sebanyak 5 wt.%. Sampel ketiga mengandungi epoksi 95 wt.% dan 5 wt.% selulosa semula jadi (dari serbuk gergaji), dan sampel terakhir mengandungi epoksi 95 wt.%, dan selulosa semula jadi 2.5 wt.% dan selulosa industri 2.5 wt.%. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan ciri-ciri mekanikal dan penebat suhu boleh dipertingkatkan dengan menambah selulosa semula jadi dalam campuran. Jika dibandingkan dengan epoksi asal, nisbah penambah baikan bagi ciri-ciri mekanikal adalah seperti berikut: kekuatan tegangan 25%, kekuatan hentaman 16.6% dan kekerasan adalah","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80700616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Layer Thickness on Repeatability of 3d Printed PLA Parts Produced Using Openware 3D Printer","authors":"Normariah Che Maideen, Mohd Ikmal Hisham ABDUL RAHIM, S. Budin, Koay Mei Hyie, Hamid Yusoff","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.2137","url":null,"abstract":"Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is categorized as an additive manufacturing process, recognized as the simplest way to accomplish 3D printing. Previous studies have proven that FFF can be trusted to create custom parts with high complexity. However, some performance issues still exist with this method that must be resolved to improve conventional manufacturing techniques. One of them is its repeatability performance that is debatable when it comes to producing repetitive runs of similar parts. Printing parameter is one of the factors that play a significant role on the repeatability performance of parts produced. In this study, the effect of layer thickness on the repeatability of 3D printed PLA, produced using an Openware 3D printer (Espresso F220), was investigated. Two product geometries (Part A and Part B) were produced. Layer thickness was chosen as a variable parameter (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm) for each geometry. Data to measure repeatability of the printed PLA parts were determined based on the measurements of length, width, thickness and surface roughness for each geometry. Then, repeatability performance was analyzed through One-way ANOVA analysis. From the results, the layer thickness parameter did influence dimensional quality and repeatability of samples produced. Part length and thickness offered better repeatability performance, to both product geometries being compared, in width and surface roughness. The study reveals that variations in sample properties depends on not only one, but also every printing parameter involved. Repeatability performance can be improved by identifying the ideal combination of printing parameters to produce good part quality.\u0000ABSTRAK: : Fabrikasi Filamen Fius (FFF) yang dikategori sebagai proses pembuatan tambahan, diakui sebagai kaedah termudah bagi menghasilkan pencetakan 3D. Kajian terdahulu telah membuktikan bahawa FFF dapat menghasilkan komponen khas yang kompleks. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa isu peningkatan mutu masih berlaku, iaitu kaedah ini masih perlu diperbetulkan bagi membaiki teknik pembuatan konvensional. Salah satu adalah peningkatan keterulangan bagi menghasilkan komponen yang serupa secara berulang. Parameter pencetakan adalah salah satu faktor yang berperanan penting bagi peningkatan keterulangan komponen yang dihasilkan. Kajian ini mengkaji tentang kesan ketebalan lapisan terhadap kebolehulangan PLA bercetak 3D yang dihasilkan melalui pencetak Openware 3D (Espresso F220). Dua geometri produk (bahagian A dan B) dihasilkan. Ketebalan lapisan dipilih sebagai parameter pemboleh ubah (0.1mm, 0.2mm dan 0.3mm) bagi setiap geometri. Data bagi mengukur keterulangan bahagian PLA yang bercetak ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran panjang, lebar, ketebalan dan kekasaran permukaan bagi setiap geometri. Kemudian, peningkatan keterulangan dianalisa melalui analisis ANOVA Sehala. Dapatan hasil menunjukkan, parameter ketebalan lapisan mempengaruhi kualiti dimensi dan kebolehulangan sampel yang dihasil","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fuzzy System for Evaluating Trustworthiness of Users in a Social Network","authors":"M. Shafiei, H. Shirgahi, H. Motameni, Behnam Barzegar","doi":"10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i2.1697","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the emergence of various web-based social networks has led to the growth of social network users. These networks have become popular as a medium for disseminating information and communication. Governments and organizations also use social networks as a platform for better services. However, acting in such networks depends on the level of trust that members have with each other. The combination of personality attributes of a person can create a mental impression of the amount of trust that a person has. This amount of trust can affect the person's future interactions. Therefore, trust is an essential and important matter in these networks, especially when someone interacts with someone else on a web-based social network. We discuss this issue in this paper and provide a method for evaluating it. Measuring the accuracy is not easy for the users who are interacting with the social network. Here, the interactions are virtual. In this paper, we have used fuzzy logic to apply ambiguous data and to evaluate trustworthiness by taking into account the various personality attributes of users such as reliability, availability, interest, patience, and adaptability. As we used these attributes as input to the fuzzy system and based on the relevant fuzzy rules, we evaluated the trustworthiness of users in social networks. The proposed fuzzy system is extendable, because in this system, trust can be defined as a set of one or more personality attributes. Epinions social network dataset is also used to simulate and validate the proposed approach. In the proposed method, the MAE value is less than 0.015 and F-Score value more than 0.86. Based on the results, the presented fuzzy system shows an acceptable accuracy for evaluating the trustworthiness of users.\u0000ABSTRAK: Sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, kemunculan pelbagai rangkaian web sosial telah menyebabkan pertumbuhan pengguna rangkaian sosial. Rangkaian ini telah menjadi popular sebagai medium penularan informasi dan komunikasi. Kerajaan dan organisasi juga menggunakan rangkaian sosial sebagai platfom bagi menyediakan servis perkhidmatan terbaik. Namun, pemakaian rangkaian ini bergantung kepada kepercayaan pengguna antara sesama pengguna. Gabungan ciri-ciri personaliti terhadap seseorang menyebabkan terciptanya persepsi secara mental pada kepercayaan ke atas seseorang. Jumlah kepercayaan ini akan memberi kesan terhadap interaksi yang akan berlaku pada masa depan ke atas individu tersebut. Oleh itu, kepercayaan sangat penting dalam rangkaian ini, terutama apabila seseorang berinteraksi dengan mereka di jaringan sosial web. Isu ini dibincangkan dalam kajian ini dan kaedah evaluasi turut dihuraikan. Mengukur ketepatan pengguna dalam jaringan sosial tidak mudah. Di sini, interaksi berlaku secara maya. Kajian ini menggunakan logik kabur pada data tidak jelas dan bagi mengukur tahap kepercayaan, pelbagai ciri personaliti individu diukur, seperti kebolehpercayaan, kebolehdapatan, minat, kesabara","PeriodicalId":13439,"journal":{"name":"IIUM Engineering Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86880928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}