Indian Journal of Microbiology Research最新文献

{"title":"Speciation and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolated from blood and body fluids","authors":"K. Kaur, Nusrat Aijaz","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"infections are increasing now a day due to various factors. The present study was carried out to study the speciation and antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolated from blood and body fluids. Blood and body fluids received in the mycology laboratory of Microbiology Department, AIMSR, over a period of six months were included. After microscopy, culture was done. The spp. were diagnosed on the basis of colony characteristics, Gram staining and Germ tube testing and identification by Automated Vitek 2 system. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by using YST08 cards. A total of 735 samples received, 53 showed Candida spp. Maximum spp. isolated from blood 23 (43.39%), followed by pleural fluid 14 (26.4%). were 24(45.3%) followed by 11(20.75%), 9(16.98%) 7(13.20%). spp. were sensitive to Amphotericin B and resistant to Fluconazole.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87117910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacognosy of Indian medicinal plants and their future aspects as an Anti-HIV agent: A review","authors":"B. Pancholi, Pallavi Sharma, Fatema Bhopalwala, Nida Khan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Along with increasing viral diseases, HIV is commonly transmitted virus. This virus is responsible for most of the deaths in the world. Scientist have been developing many methods to treat this disease but results are still doubtful. HIV 1 virus is one of the liable agents which can be affected by approved therapies. Sexual transmission is one of the major routes for HIV infection including other STIs. Microbicideshave been proposed as a promising prevention strategy. These microbicides can be available either in the form of a cream, gel, lubricant or even in the form of a tablet and can be applied topically to the vaginal or rectal surface. Availability of a successful microbicide candidate would greatly empower women (men in homosexual act) to protect themselves and their partners from STIs including HIV infection. In cases where multiple sex partners are involved, availability of a microbicide will play an important role. An ideal microbicide should be applicable hours before sex, preserve the natural anatomy of female reproductive tract (does not lead to lesion and aberration in epithelial layer), protect the natural vaginal micro-ecological system and should not generate any pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review article medicinal plants that are reported for antiviral activities against HIV infection and reduce the STD load in infected persons will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89046771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventilator associated events:incidence, microbiological profile and outcome in the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital of eastern Nepal","authors":"Dharnish Kumar Jha, B. Khanal, B. Sah, R. Baral","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilator associated events (VAE) refer to new surveillance definition developed by Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC)/ National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is in use since the year 2013, switching the focus of surveillance from ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) to ventilator associated events (VAE). A number of studies have been conducted in the United States and other Western countries to evaluate its practicality. However, information on VAE in Asian countries is scarce. The purpose of this preliminary study was to illuminate the incidence and microbiological profile of VAEs in tertiary hospital in Nepal, as a first step in the effort to determine its practicality.The objective of the study was to determine the incidence, etiological agent and mortality of VAE in patients on mechanical ventilation in medical Intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital. Patients admitted in ICU on Mechanical Ventilation were evaluated daily using the VAE surveillance criteria. At least 2 days of stable or decreasing ventilator settings followed by at least 2 days of increased ventilator settings was used as definition of VAE. Three tiered approach of VAE, namely Ventilator-Associated Condition (VAC), Infection-related Ventilator-Associated Complication (IVAC) and Possible VAP (PVAP) was used for the final classification of cases. Of the 313 patients admitted to the ICU over the period of one year, 52 patients received MV for ≥2 days and met baseline criteria for VAEs Surveillance. Out of 52 patients, 14(27%) developed VAC only, 13(25%) developed IVAC only and 25(48%) patients developed PVAP. Endotracheal aspirate culture was positive in 25 patients (48%). The organisms isolated 14(53.84%), 7(26.92%), 4(15.38%), and 1(3.84%). Polymicrobial growth was observed in one Almost all the isolates 25 (96%) being multidrug resistant. Overall mortality rate in patients with VAE was 36.5% with highest mortality rate in PVAP (44%). Early onset PVAP was observed in 9 (36%) where as 16 (64%) had late‑ onset VAP.VAE mostly being health care associated event and prevalence of multidrug resistance in as observed in this study warrant clinician to practices infection control measures and rationale use of antimicrobials as effective measures for infection control.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80932260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight review of the first surviving case of Ludwig’s angina caused by Gemella morbillorum","authors":"H. Sayed, A. Chowdhary, R. Swaminathan, Karnam Ravi Shekhar, Sudha Mishra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Our case report is presumably the second reported case of Ludwig’s Angina caused by Gemella morbillorum and the first case reported that survived. We reviewed literature on Gemella morbillorum which is often a misunderstood microorganism but has the potential to cause serious infections and lethal complications in certain cases; its historical identification, characteristic features, advanced studies on its virulence, pathogenicity and other key information for identification. We also briefly reviewed the interesting details of Ludwig’s Angina.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86090538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro pharmacological activities of methanol extract of Acmella oleracea leaves: A variety grown in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Alam, S. Akash","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"is known as toothache plant belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is treated as a medicinal remedy like tuberculosis, illness, cough, rheumatism, and illness. This study was concentrated on the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial & thrombolytic activities of methanol extract of leaves using in vitro model. The antioxidant activity was estimated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity utilizing the DPPH and reducing power tests. The plant extract was tested for its cytotoxic action using a brine shrimp lethality bioassay, thrombolytic activity using clot disruption, and antibacterial activity using a disc diffusion assay technique against four distinct gram-positive also gram-negative bacteria. ICvalue of standard ascorbic acid for DPPH was 7.8µg/ml and the IC50 of the methanol extract of leaves was 198.34µg/ml that was moderate effect at all compare with ascorbic acid. Thrombolytic assay of Streptokinase as a positive control showed 88.49% where the extract shows 18.69% lytic activity shows the assay. In this study, the sample of LC results of cytotoxicity assay was 1.431 µg/mL which can be treated as less activity. Moreover, the extracts showed low to moderate antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial stains (zone of inhibition-10-26 mm). Vibrio Mimicus bacteria stains exhibited the highest level of activity, with a range of 23 for the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. The current review shows leaf extracts of may be used as a source of antioxidant and thrombolytic activity, as well as a significant source of antibacterial and anticancer substances. Further research is required to evaluate in-vivo the pharmacological activity of leaves in order to identify the essential metabolites and potential mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83924491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of an outbreak of jaundice in a rural area of District Srinagar in Kashmir","authors":"Rukhsana Taj, R. Rather, S. Khan, R. Jan, Aziz O. Wani","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.047","url":null,"abstract":": A team of doctors visited the Gasoo area of Batpora on 20-02-2020 to investigate the suspected outbreak of jaundice.1. To verify the occurrence of an outbreak of jaundice, 2. To identify etiology of this outbreak and 3.To identify the population affected.Two teams started from the center of village in two opposite directions and undertook house to house survey. Any person having the history of one or more of 5 symptoms/signs: yellowish discoloration of eyes or body, pain abdomen, vomiting, fever or history of hospitalization within past 1 month was considered for inclusion into investigation. Blood samples were taken for hepatitis serology.A totalof16 cases were examined with 9 of them males. History of Yellowish discoloration of eyes or body was the most common symptom (87%) followed by fever (81%). Mean Serum bilirubin was 3.4 mg/dl. Hepatitis A serology was positive in 7 cases out of 8 tested cases while as hepatitis B and C serology was negative in all the tested cases.: As there was clustering of cases of jaundice in the area clearly in excess of expected, so the outbreak of Juandice was confirmed. The time, place and person distribution of jaundice pointed towards a water-borne hepatitis which was confirmed by laboratory tests to be Hepatitis A outbreak. Most commonly affected age group was 10 to 15 years.An outbreak of jaundice was confirmed and it was found to be due to Hepatitis A Virus.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91211238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand washing and hand hygiene in medical practice and day to day life","authors":"S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.043","url":null,"abstract":"Hand washing and hand hygiene are very important things to remember in the hospital practice as well as daily life. Hand hygiene can be performed by soap or hand sanitizer. Hand hygiene can lead to drastic reduction in transmission of infections and also drug resistant bugs, and is thus also a good way to combat AMR or antimicrobial resistance in the community as well as in hospital setting. Hand hygiene can be maintained by hand washing or hand scrubbing, and both these things are important, depending on the hospital setting. Hand wash can be social, surgical and antiseptic. Hand hygiene can also be made more popular in the masses by a number of methods and educational activities. Compliance to hand hygiene among people is not always very great, even among the healthcare providers, and this should be a matter of concern. Hence hand hygiene assumes some importance, and is now considered a \"do-it yourself vaccine\". This topic is discussed less but is very important.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85984199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of acute febrile illness","authors":"Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, Kumaran Vadivel, N. Saravanan, P. Rajendiran, B. Nandagopal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.041","url":null,"abstract":"This review analyzes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of major bacterial acute febrile illness (AFI). Existing studies on the AFI is focused the viral AFI agents, some bacterial and parasitic infections. Based on published literature only few studies have been able to identify major bacterial agents of AFI or show the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of AFI. In this review we focused on the most important bacterial AFI agents, which may help to understand how pathogenic the agents are and how crucial it is to diagnose them as early as possible.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77136795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection among antenatal patients at tertiary care hospital - A prospective study","authors":"A. Rukadikar, Yesha Lad, Deepak Deshkar, N. Jaiswal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.046","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B infection in a neonate leads to chronic forms of the infection in 90% of the cases associated with the high risk of complications. This is due to transplacental transmission of HBV to the neonates. Early intervention can prevent the infection in the neonates or prevent them to succumb to a chronic infection. The present study aims to explore the seroprevalence of the HBsAg in the blood samples from healthy pregnant women patients.: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from pregnant women attending anti-natal clinic at ZMCH Dahod. HbsAg ELISA and rapid antigen test (HEPA CARD) were used to detect the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus.The age wise distribution of hepatitis B infection in pregnant women using HBsAg specific ELISA shows a total prevalence of 5.26% of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women of different age groups. The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among women of age groups 18-27 years to be 4.76%, followed with 6.89% in age group 28-37 years. The present study shows a prevalence range of 4% to 5.26% of hepatitis B infection among antenatal women.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83456121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of MRSA, ESBL, and AMPC-beta-lactamase-producing bacterial profile in pus sample","authors":"M. Karmaker, Anika Quayum, Tangina Yesmin Ananna, S. M. Asna","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.045","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid distribution of bacteria in wound infection and their appropriate treatment with antibiotics are crucial for health care providers. Bangladesh is vulnerable to multi-drug-registrant antibiotics due to extensive antibiotic misuse and other factors. The purpose of the present study was to see the frequency and distribution of bacteria isolated from pus and sensitivity patterns among hospitalized patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2020 to July 2021. The pus samples were collected from the patients who visited BIHS General Hospital, Dhaka. Isolation and Identification of bacteria were made by culture and biochemical test and antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. The most common isolates were . Gram-positive bacteria were mostly resistant to Penicillin, Cefoxitin, Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Cotrimoxazole, Cefuroxime, and Cepradine antibiotics. 57.1% of and (100%) of was Methicillin-resistant, AMPC β-Lactamase producing bacteria (52.2%), and ESBL are (13.0%).Due to the abuse of antibiotics, Methicillin-resistant AMPC β-Lactamase, ESBL are increasing day by day. Our study found that MDR bacteria is increasing rapidly and which is a major problem. Therefore, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern testing is required before the use of antibiotics, and continuous monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity is needed to minimize resistance.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74925241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}