Indian Journal of Microbiology Research最新文献

{"title":"Detection of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae from various clinical samples: A record based study in a tertiary care hospital in Mandya","authors":"Roopa Shree S","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":": Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has gradually evolved as one of the serious global health concern due to its high mortality and limited treatment options. Overuse of the antibiotic and improper sanitation has led to its rapid spread. To determine the proportion of Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from various clinical samples received in the Department of Microbiology, MIMS Mandya for Culture and sensitivity by using Meropenem and Imipenem disk.This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of 6 months from March 2021 to august 2021. The samples tested were all the clinical specimens like sputum, pus, urine, body fluids coming to our Microbiology laboratory. The specimens were processed by the standard laboratory methods. Bacteria was isolated and identified by standard biochemical reactions and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Mueller Hinton Agar by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines.A total of 1624 samples were included in the study, among which 211 isolates were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae family. 50 out of 211 isolates were confirmed as Carbapenem resistant giving a prevalence rate of 23.69%. Urine (42%) was the major contributor of CRE, followed by pus (34%). Among CRE, (54%) was the major organism isolated followed by (20%).Our study showed high CRE prevalence rate of 23.69%, indicating the rapid emergence of CRE. Hence, a strict adherence to antibiotic policy and basic infection control measures to be applied in view of reducing the spread of CRE in the community.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75381779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection in patients attending tertiary care hospital of southern Haryana, India","authors":"Shreya Behl","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"To find the seroprevalence of the Hepatitis C virus infection in the patients attending SHKM GMC, Nalhar. : A retrospective study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, SHKM GMC, Nalhar. The samples were taken from 16th August 2021 to 20th July 2022. A total of 11,890 samples were taken for study and HCV infection was diagnosed using ELISA and Rapid card test.: Out of 11,890 serum samples seroprevalence of HCV infection was found to be in 0.012% of the individuals. It is concluded that Mewat has a low seroprevalence of HCV infection.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80758756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of virological failure in HIV1 infected patients followed in a third-level hospital Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire","authors":"M. Pacome, Meite Syndou, Mlan Alice Brittoh, Zaba Flore, Yapi Jaures, Monney Beda, Abonou Jocelyne, Dao Issa, Faye-Kette Hortense, Dosso Mireille","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":": Côte d'Ivoire has been committed to achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) follow-up since 2015. The proportion of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was below the desired rates for 2020. The laboratory of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Yopougon has been equipped with instruments capable of quantifying the plasma viral load (VL) of PLHIV on ART. This quantification allowed for early detection of virological failure in PLHIV. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of virological failure and the epidemiological, immunological and virological determinants of virological failure in patients followed at the Yopougon University Hospital in Abidjan. : This was a retrospective study covering the period from January 1, 2015 to October 31, 2019. It was carried out on data related to blood samples (plasma) of PLHIV (infected with HIV-1) under ART for at least 6 months and who had quantified their viral load.: A total of 52356 PLHIV were included in this study. The age group 40-50 years comprised the majority of the patients (46.7%) with a median age of 40 +/- 0.3 years. The female sex predominated with 72% and a sex ratio of (M/F) = 0.38. The TCD4 cell were between 500 and 350 cells/µL in 57.0% of patients at treatment initiation. The TDF+3TC+EFV treatment regimen was prescribed in the majority of patients (88.62%). The population of patients with virological failure (defined as VL ≥ 1000 copies/ml) was 12924 or a prevalence of 24.7%. The determinants of virological failure were age ≤ 15 years, male sex and CD4+ LT rate below 250 cells/µL (p <0.05).: The virological failure rate was high especially in children and male subjects at the Yopougon University Hospital. It appears therefore important to act on these determinants, by additional efforts through concrete actions such as regular and systematic measurement of CV at the time of rapid change of treatments with effective combinations for this type of PLHIV. The goal is to achieve the objectives of the UNAIDS to eradicate HIV by 2030.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87647817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-seronegative patients: A case series","authors":"Drishti Sagar, H. Kaur","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"Enteric infections by are a frequent cause of diarrhea among immunocompromised and HIV infected patients but there are limited reports of their occurrence in immunocompetent patients. Cryptosporidiosis is a faeco-orally transmitted protozoan infection and is one of the leading causes of chronic parasitic diarrhea. Here we report a case series of cryptosporidiosis from three different patients where two patients are immunocompetent and one is a post renal transplant case. All the patients came with watery diarrhea for which stool samples were collected and examined by modified Ziehl Neelsen acid fast staining (Kinyoun’s method). On microscopic examination of smear, multiple, pink, round to oval acid fast oocysts of 4-6µm diameter were seen against a blue background morphologically resembling . Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antiparasitic drugs aids in timely treatment and prevention of disseminated cryptosporidiosis.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84594929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic bacteria and parasites present in edible leafy greens","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya, Ankush Kabiraj, S. Datta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"Tulsi, mint and spinach, all are examples of culinary herbs and beneficial for health. They have digestive, antibacterial and many other medicinal properties. Many people, however, have also studied and found presence of enteropathogens in such herbs and leafy greens. In the laboratory we have gone through different tests to identify the specific pathogen present on the leaves. This will be a milestone of public health research in food microbiology.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90418892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological study of blood stream infection in a maternal and child healthcare based tertiary hospital","authors":"R. Saha, Mahmuda Hassan, Nishat Tamanna Nur, Humayra Shahjahan, A. Lutfor","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"Bloodstream infections by bacterial pathogens are major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial pathogens causing bloodstream infections in certain areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern according to age group.: A total of 6095 blood samples were collected from patients attending at Ad-din Women’s Medical College & Hospital from July 2019 to December 2020. All the blood samples were processed for culture using a BACT/Alert blood culture machine. Further identification & antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using standard microbiological procedures. Overall, 10.6% of the cultured blood samples were growth positive. Out of them, Gram-negative bacilli were predominant. Blood stream infection rate is highest among neonates, followed by the age group of 1-15 years, adult patients, with minimum rate observed among the age group of 1 month- 1 Year. was the most frequently isolated among the Growth positive samples, followed by Coagulase negative (CONS), , , species. The most frequently isolated pathogens among Neonates were Coagulase negative Spp, and Spp; whereas was most commonly isolated pathogen among pediatrics and adult age group (p=<.001). However, we observe a decreasing trend in the isolation & the percentage of multi drug resistance amongst spp. in the study period than studies conducted over previous years. A remarkable increase of susceptibility against chloramphenicol & cotrimoxazole has been observed in this study. However, Gram positive organisms show high sensitivity to imepenem, vancomycin and linezolid. This study identified the bacterial pathogens involved with BSI in our hospital among different age groups and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, so that, healthcare professionals can make proper decisions and provide better care for their patients.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87984481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of uropathogenic E.coli by detecting the virulence factors and its drug resistance pattern in a tertiary care hospital in India","authors":"Amit Khelgi, Athira Ramesh, Sathya Anandam, Sateesh K","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent nosocomial and community-acquired bacterial diseases in humans, with E.coli being the most typical pathogen isolated. To detect the prevalence of virulence factors like haemolysin, haemagglutination of human erythrocytes with its effect of D-mannose, and cell surface hydrophobicity, the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and ESBL production in urinary isolates of E.coli obtained from clinical samples. We included the E.coli isolates obtained from a midstream urine sample for the study. Virulence factors like haemolysin, hemagglutination and salt aggregation were detected as per standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was seen by the combined disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines. A total of 103 E.coli isolates were tested, and among them, 24(23.30%) produced haemolysin, 65(63.10%) produced hemagglutination and 38(36.89%) had salt aggregation properties. Most isolates obtained were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics but showed high sensitivity towards antibiotics like chloramphenicol, meropenem, amikacin, imipenem and nitrofurantoin. Around 48% of them were ESBL producers. The common virulence factors associated with UTI were P-fimbriae (MRHA), haemolysin production, cell surface hydrophobicity and type-1 fimbriae. Because of the emerging drug resistance among UPEC, therapy should be advocated as far as possible after obtaining the culture and sensitivity results to determine exact aetiology and susceptibility patterns. The sensitivity to nitrofurantoin is very high, suggesting that antibiotic recycling will help clinicians treat UPEC.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78420737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of demographic variables in COVID-19 infected patients with their recovery status: A pilot study in Dhaka city","authors":"M. Karmaker, M. Moniruzzaman, S. Dey, Jesmin Nur, S. Rana, Fatema Rahman, Joyita Bhowmik","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the relationship between demographical factors with COVID-19 infection could demonstrate some prevention strategies of “possible super-spreaders”.To evaluate the correlation between recovery and demographic characteristics of COVID-19-infected patientsA descriptive type of study to demonstrate the 200 COVID-19 infections with various demographical variables by using a questionnaire. The survey consisted of 64-close ended queries, including a short summary of the study background, purpose, procedures, privacy contract, and knowledgeable consent form.For statistical analysis Independent T-test or ANOVA test and SPSS version 25 (IBM, USA) and STATA 15 were used.The male-female ratio of COVID-19 infected patients is 115:100. 50% of patients have never attended social gatherings before getting COVID-19 infection. Social events were visited by 44% of the participants. 47.24% need hospitalization during the positive period, whereas 52.76% recovered at home. Respondents older than 40 years required oxygen support for recovery (p< 0.05). The most common symptoms were loss of smell and taste (53%), headache (48%) body pain (38%), and, fever (33%) in the first-time infection however, these symptoms decreased by Second- and third-time re-infection. Similarly, 20% of patients need oxygen support the first time of infection; it decreased by 10% the second time and 4% the third time. There is a statistically significant difference in the mean recovery time between the people from different professions (p< 0.05). The recovery time of COVID-19 infections is associated with age, profession, and the number of COVID-19 infection times.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90979643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of antibiotics in surgical setup in tertiary healthcare hospital","authors":"Kanishka Goswami, Satish Kumar, S. Solanki, Jyoti Rana","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis refers to brief course of an antimicrobial agent which is initiated just before surgery, to prevent any infections at the surgical site. It is one of the most widely accepted practices in surgery. However, despite the evidence of the effectiveness and the publication of guidelines for the antimicrobial prophylaxis, its use is often found to be suboptimal. However, between 30-90% of this prophylaxis is inappropriate.Hence, this study was planned in order to examine the prevalent practices in the tertiary care hospital regarding the use of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis, with respect to the choice of the antimicrobial agent, the timing of its administration, the intraoperative reposing and the total duration of the prophylaxis, in order to detect any inappropriateness, so that corrective measures could be suggested.A survey was conducted across the various departments undergoing surgery of 213 patients and was followed till their discharge. The age of patients varied from 5 to 85 years. Following risk factors were also included like anemia, smoking, alcohol, prolonged duration of surgery. All the cases in our study received prophylactic antimicrobials prior to surgery, even though prophylactic systemic antimicrobials are not typically indicated for the patients who underwent clean surgical site operations.Though, this aspect was also the basis of forming two groups viz. group A and group B; this mode of treatment prior to surgery was found effective. Males are more prone to treatment failure, as suggested by the study. While recovery in females with the preliminary line of treatment continues in a positive way. A 75 cases out of 213 undergoing surgeries which are given planned regimes of antibiotic prophylaxis still end up with surgical site infection which is many a times not notified. To overcome this, change in antimicrobial regime is employed.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85286607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioncogenic potential of probiotics: Challenges and future prospective","authors":"Sourav Chattaraj, Debasis Mitra, Abhishek Chattaraj, Manasi Chattaraj, Meghna Kundu, A. Ganguly, P. K. D. Mohapatra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that have shown to possess numerous health benefits. Recently, there has been budding interests in the utilization of probiotics as a prospective weapon for cancer deterrence and management. The antioncogenic attributes of probiotics were provided through various mechanisms such as immune modulation, production of anticancer compounds, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. The current study shed light on the antioncogenic probiotic strains and explored their anticancer mechanisms. However, the use of probiotics for cancer prevention and treatment also poses several challenges, including the identification of specific strains with the most potent antioncogenic effects, the optimal dosage and duration of treatment, and the hazards allied with the implementation of live microorganisms. Additionally, the heterogeneity of cancer types and patients' microbiomes further complicate the selection of probiotics for clinical applications. Hence, future study should concentrate on the development of alternative approaches such as the use of microbial-derived components, genetically modified probiotics, and synthetic biology to overcome these challenges and enhance the antioncogenic potential of probiotics.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83188247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}