Indian Journal of Microbiology Research最新文献

{"title":"Severe gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection with underlying common variable immunodeficiency in a middle aged lady","authors":"Dipankar Pal, Rajiv Karthik K","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"Cytomegalovirus is a common herpes virus infection found worldwide and by adulthood majority become seropositive. In immunosuppressed state it may reactivate to cause tissue invasive disease in gastro intestinal tract, liver, lungs, brain and retina with or without viremia. It is commonly seen in bone marrow transplant, organ transplant, AIDS and autoimmune disease requiring intense immunosuppressive therapy. Common variable immunodeficiency is a condition that affects both arms of the immune system and can lead to opportunistic infections. Chance is more when CD4 counts falls below 50 cells/microlt.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphocutaneous infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum in a post COVID immunocompromised patient","authors":"Sony Arun, Lizy Mathew","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus commonly isolated from soil, polluted water bodies and sewage. Recently, the prevalence of cutaneous and visceral infection caused by these fungi has increased among immunocompromised patients. Various opportunistic fungal infections have been reported among COVID-19 recovered patients. In this study, a rare case of lymphocutaneous infection due to in an immunocompromised post COVID -19 diabetic man is reported.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of emerging viruses","authors":"P Shaik Syed Ali","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Newly emerging viruses such as West Nile virus, coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), H1N1pdm09, Ebola virus, Zika virus and Monkeypox virus are of global concern as they have caused serious public threats. Among the several outbreaks caused by emerging viruses, the worst pandemic was caused by SARS-CoV-2. The Omicron variant is the dominant variant among SARS-CoV-2 variants and the lineages BA.5.2 and BF.7 were responsible for the recent Chinese surge. Genome sequencing studies of MERS-CoV revealed that it is evolving with mutations in spike protein. West Nile virus is still circulating among birds in Europe, Mediterranean and North American countries. Several West Nile virus cases were reported from Europe and neighboring countries in 2022. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic caused by H1N1pdm09 is a variant strain evolved from H1N1 in swine. Though it caused more than 60 million infections, the mortality rate was 0.02%. Staggeringly, severe infections occurred among obese people. Zika virus has jumped borders from Africa and is adapting to become endemic in new geographical habitats such as South East Asia, India and Europe due to uncontrolled breeding of Aedes mosquitoes. Recently, autochthonous vector borne transmission of Zika virus was documented in France. During the Monkeypox pandemic, the virus demonstrated a lower infectious and mortality rate in individuals vaccinated for smallpox. A lower virulence of Monkeypox virus compared to smallpox was due to mutations in the ORF regions. Surveillance efforts and measures must be incessantly undertaken to prevent future outbreaks caused by emerging viruses.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on siderophore production and biofilm formation of klebsiella isolated from urine samples and detection of antibiotic resistance mechanisms","authors":"None Lakshmipriya I S, Raksha Yoganand, Shoorashetty Manohar Rudresh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most encountered infections by the physician in the community is Urinary tract infections, and over the years most of the pathogens responsible for the etiology have become resistant to antimicrobials. In nosocomial infections and immunocompromised individuals the most common pathogen implicated in UTI and catheter associated UTI are . are notorious for their antibiotic resistance and also cause systemic dissemination. A cross-sectional study that included 184 species isolated from urine samples collected from January 2020 – June 2021. Identification of isolates and speciation was done by biochemical reactions, antibiotic susceptibility pattern determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance mechanisms were detected by standard phenotypic methods. Among the patient’s female: male ratio was 1.7:1 and maximum number of cases were seen in the 21-30 age group. Maximum number of isolates belonged to (79.89%), followed by (20%). species showed maximum sensitivity to Imipenem, Meropenem, gentamicin, and amikacin. Out of the 184 isolates 22.86% were ESBL producers, 17.93% were AMP C producers and 9.24% were Carbapenamase producers. Among all isolates 94.56% were found to be biofilm producers, and all biofilm poducers were strongly associated with ESBL and Amp C production. Also 61.41% of total isolates were Siderophore producers. UTI is a predominant infection among younger age group females. High level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics were found, also the rising rate of antibiotic resistance mechanisms require further studies into the matter for ensuring better treatment success. Empirically amikacin and gentamicin could be used for treatment of UTI as they were found to be highly sensitive.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitary splenic abscess caused by Salmonella typhi in an adult - A case report","authors":"Aarthi Sundaresan, Srujana Prabhala, Ami Varaiya, Harshad Limaye","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"A 71-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, weakness and abdominal pain for 15 days. PET CT showed findings suggestive of a solitary splenic abscess. CT guided aspiration of the abscess was done and sent to lab for testing along with routine investigations and blood culture. Aspirate culture grew . The patient was treated with intravenous Cefepime followed by oral Cefixime along with supportive care. On follow up, complete resolution of the abscess was noted.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogens from urinary isolates of diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in South Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Sheeba","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"Since diabetes has several negative effects on the urinary tract and host immune system, urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a serious health issue for diabetic people. The majority of individuals with defective genitourinary tracts get complicated UTIs. To avoid morbidity and significant life-threatening conditions linked to co-morbid diabetes and UTIs, quick diagnosis and treatment are required. Effective care of these patient groups will be facilitated by knowledge of the many bacterial agents that cause UTI in diabetes patients and non-diabetic patients, as well as their susceptibility profiles.: This cross sectional study, which was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Virudhunagar, South Tamil Nadu, is aimed to compare the prevalence of UTI, the causative bacteria, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in diabetic patients (168) and non- diabetics (150). The existence of urinary tract bacterial pathogens was determined by microbiologic analysis of a urine sample that was collected aseptically. The Kirby Bauer technique was used to screen the isolates for drug susceptibility in order to determine their patterns of antibiotic resistance.: Urinary tract bacterial infections were found in 37.5% and 36.6% of samples from diabetes and non-diabetic people, respectively. species, , and () were the organisms present in the urine samples in the following proportions for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, respectively: 34.92% and 29.09%, 12.69% and 10.9%, 7.93% and 12, 6.34% and 5.45%, 3.17% and 1.81%, 3.17% and 0, 22.2% and 16.36%, 9.52% and 14.54% and 0 and 9.09%. Nevertheless, the difference in the percentages of isolated bacteria was not statistically significant (-value = 0. 856). The majority of the antibiotics tested on bacteria isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic people were extremely effective, particularly Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin – tazobactam and Nitrofurantoin for gram negative bacteria and Vancomycin and Amikacin for gram - positive bacteria.: The current study's findings highlight the necessity of doing sensitivity testing before beginning antibiotic therapy for UTI since they might aid in the right selection of antibiotics, ensure that they are used effectively, and thus avoid antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74247919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective study highlighting their demographic and clinical profile, impact on ICU stay and mortality","authors":"Supriya Dey, L. Rani","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":": was considered as a leading cause of nosocomial respiratory infection and bacteremia in many hospitals all over the world. However, there was a still a debates whether colonization and/or infection with , increases morbidity and mortality independently of the effect of other risk factors.Aim of the study was to isolate among ICU patients, to detect carbapenem resistant among ICU patients with infections and to determine specific risk factors and outcome of the infections due to CRAB isolates. : A retrospective study was carried out at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and RC in Bangalore, in the ICU department from June 2021 to May 2022.Among all the patients carbapenem resistance was detected more in patients above 60 years of age, males were predominant than females, most of the patients were on ventilation and in sepsis and mortality rate was high with the increased duration of ICU stays. is a highly prevalent microorganism among ICU patients, while its potential to acquire resistance toward commonly used antibiotics represents it as a grave threat to the health care industry. Therefore, signifying the need for its regular monitoring in the health care setups. VAP due to CRAB and excess use of intravascular devices are the most important risk factors for CRAB bacteremia in our ICU. Early implementation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, particularly in critically ill ICU patients with Carbapenem resistant infections, with two or more co morbidities, can be crucial for survival.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80434376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bloodstream infections (BSI) in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective study","authors":"S. Bhat K, Vidya Jayasekaran, Catherine Veronica Sailas, N. Vasanthi, Shashikala Nair","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Bloodstream infections (BSIs) may cause significant adverse clinical outcomes among patients affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was conducted with the objective to characterize the bacterial isolates and their susceptibility pattern and to document the patient outcome as well as skin disinfection measures followed during the venepuncture for the blood collection procedure.All blood cultures received from COVID-19 patients admitted in various COVID care wards and ICUs for a period of two years from June 2020 to May 2022 were included in the study. An automated BacT/ALERT system was used for blood culture. The microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done by standard methods. Patient demographic and treatment details and infection control and prevention practices followed during the blood specimen collection were documented.Out of 172 COVID-19-positive patients blood samples were sent for blood culture with clinical suspicion of sepsis. Out of these, 4.2% were positive. The median age of COVID-19 patients with positive blood cultures was 55 years and about 67% of patients had associated comorbidities. About 31% of patients were admitted to ICUs for their management. The blood culture positivity was documented more among patients with ICU admission, underlying comorbidities, and the presence of an indwelling device. Gram-positive bacterial isolation was more than gram-negative bacteria. About 54% showed clinical improvement at the time of discharge and death was recorded in 19% of patients. There was a lack of strict adherence to the aseptic techniques during the venepuncture for blood collection.The incidence of bloodstream infections documented was low for COVID-19 patients. Hence, empirical antimicrobial agents should be used with care and prompt discontinuation should be done on clinical improvement and based on the microbiology culture report.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89683050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of uropathogens isolated in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in south India","authors":"G. Manderwad, Farhat Subhaana Chilakapati, Sandeep Kumar Tipparthi, Ravi Shankar Reddy A, Raj Kumar H.R.V, Pradeep Kumar Reddy Sripathi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":": Urinary tract infections constitute a large percentage of cases encountered in outpatient departments at tertiary care hospitals. These infections have been associated with a rise in antimicrobial resistance, leading to high morbidity and mortality. This rise in drug resistance has been linked to an increase in unauthorized, unregularized use of higher generations of antibiotics, leading to the prevalence of multi drug resistant organisms in the community.: The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of various uropathogens in the general population, along with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. : The study has been carried out for a period of six months, during which a total of 872 urine samples were collected from the outpatient department at Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad. Urine samples were subjected to bacterial culture and significant bacterial growth was identified using the colony count method. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using an automated VITEK 2 compact system. A total of 236 cases (27.1%) showed significant growth of uropathogens. The common organisms isolated were These organisms were seen more commonly in females. Multidrug resistance has been noted in multiple uropathogens, especially to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. This study documented an increase in antimicrobial resistance of the uropathogens isolated at the outpatient department. Judicious use of antibiotics may aid in prevention of spread of antimicrobial drug resistance in the general population.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74415504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pityriasis rosea sparing patches of tinea versicolor as anatopic response","authors":"Samna Sulaiman, P. Prathap, N. Asokan, Sunitha Balakrishnan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73079699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}