Iet Optoelectronics最新文献

{"title":"Electrophoretic deposited gold nanoparticle thin film on silver substrate","authors":"Samira Hosseingholilou,&nbsp;Davoud Dorranian","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12085","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effects of the deposition time and voltage on the characteristics of gold nanoparticles (NPs) thin films, prepared by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method on the silver substrate, were investigated experimentally. Au NPs were synthesised using the pulsed laser ablation method in distilled water. The suspended solution of the gold NPs was used as the electrolyte of EPD. An irradiation was carried out by the fundamental wavelength of a Q-switched NdYAG laser at 1064 nm and 7 ns pulse width. The electrophoretic deposition apparatus consisted of two 2 × 2 cm pieces of silver plates as the electrodes. They were immersed in parallel with a 7 mm gap in the gold NP suspension. Five samples of gold NP thin films were prepared at different deposition times and applied voltages. Results show that the roughness, thickness and surface quality of EPD prepared thin films can be strongly controlled by the deposition time and applied voltage. The thickness of deposited films was dependent on the voltage of deposition in which their roughness was increased with increasing the deposition time. Furthermore, the reflection of deposited films was affected by the surface roughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"17 2-3","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a dual spider-shaped surface plasmon resonance-based refractometric sensor with high amplitude sensitivity","authors":"Mohammad Rakibul Islam,&nbsp;Md Moinul Islam Khan,&nbsp;Fariha Mehjabin,&nbsp;Jubair Alam Chowdhury,&nbsp;Mohibul Islam,&nbsp;Ahmad Jarif Yeasir,&nbsp;Jannat Ara Mim,&nbsp;Tajuddin Ahmed Nahid","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12084","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents an investigation on the performance of the sensitivity of a dual spider-shaped surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fibre (PCF) refractive index sensor having unique design specifications. To evaluate the fibre guiding properties, Finite Element Method is used for utilising the monetarily accessible COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.3a. A gold layer has been used as the plasmonic material surrounding the fibre to ensure chemical stability, and a single fine coating of TiO₂ supported the improvement of gold attachment with the fibre. The structural air holes' design arrangement inside the PCF gives an enhanced sensitivity performance. The proposed PCF-SPR gives extremely reduced confinement losses. Numerous precise investigations on the fibre parameters show the highest amplitude sensitivity of 4233 RIU⁻¹ in detecting the scope of the refractive index (RI) 1.32–1.41. 2.36 × 10⁻⁶ and 1.18 × 10⁻⁵ and are achieved as amplitude resolution and wavelength resolution, respectively. The highest confinement loss found for this sensor is recorded to be 6.22 dB/cm. The RI sensor can lead to the exact identification of organic chemicals and biological analytes for the proposed design specifications, providing good sensitivity with significantly reduced confinement loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"17 1","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49343319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon integrated frequency-tunable microwave photonic bandpass filter","authors":"Yuhan Yao,&nbsp;Yuhe Zhao,&nbsp;Jianji Dong,&nbsp;Xinliang Zhang","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12087","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microwave photonic filters have been regarded as an alternative to traditional radio-frequency filters because of their wide bandwidth and large tunability. Integrated microwave photonic filters can integrate all necessary components into a single chip and are highly demanded for future radio-frequency applications. Here, a highly integrated frequency-tunable microwave photonic bandpass filter based on a silicon platform is proposed and demonstrated. The integrated filter consists of a phase modulator, four cascaded microring resonators and a photodetector. The frequency-tunable range of the integrated filter is from 6.1 to 35.9 GHz, and the reconfigurable bandwidth is from 0.22 to 0.54 GHz. A large spurious free dynamic range of 102.1 dB Hz^2/3 is obtained. This highly integrated approach holds great promise for miniaturised, flexible, and high-performance microwave signal processing in modern radar and communication systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"17 2-3","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49030188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VCSEL quick fabrication of 894.6 nm wavelength epi-material for miniature atomic clock applications","authors":"Jack Baker,&nbsp;Craig. P. Allford,&nbsp;Sara. Gillgrass,&nbsp;Tomas. Peach,&nbsp;James Meiklejohn,&nbsp;Curtis Hentschel,&nbsp;Wyn Meredith,&nbsp;Denise Powell,&nbsp;Tracy Sweet,&nbsp;Mohsin Haji,&nbsp;J. Iwan Davies,&nbsp;Samuel Shutts,&nbsp;Peter M. Smowton","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12082","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12082","url":null,"abstract":"A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) quick fabrication (VQF) process is applied to epitaxial materials designed for miniature atomic clock applications (MACs). The process is used to assess material quality and uniformity of a full 100 mm (4 ‐ inch) wafer against the stringent target specification of VCSELs for MACs. Target specifications in optical power ( > 0.6 mW) and differential efficiencies ( < 0.5 W/A) are achieved over large portions of a wafer; however, the variation in the oxide aperture diameter is shown to limit the yield. The emission of the fundamental mode","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"17 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41588626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and evaluating the mean photon energy and the external quantum efficiency of light-emitting diodes","authors":"Ilgyu Choi,&nbsp;Sangjin Min,&nbsp;Jong-In Shim,&nbsp;Dong-Soo Shin","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12083","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mean photon energy of a light-emitting diode (LED) as recently defined in the IEC standard is theoretically examined. It is pointed out that defining the mean photon energy as an arithmetic mean of photon energies in the emission spectrum is crucial in decomposing the power efficiency of an LED into the voltage efficiency and the external quantum efficiency (EQE). The mean photon energy thus defined and the photon energy calculated from the more convenient peak wavelength in the spectrum are then evaluated and compared for blue and red LED samples. The EQEs of the blue and red LEDs are subsequently obtained, demonstrating that the EQE values from the peak photon energy have small errors within 0.5%p of the true EQE values. The current work presents useful criteria in substituting the EQE value calculated from the peak wavelength for the true EQE value using the mean photon energy for both the blue and red LEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"17 1","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probe pulse design in Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry","authors":"Mupeng Li,&nbsp;Tianhua Xu,&nbsp;Shuang Wang,&nbsp;Wenxiu Hu,&nbsp;Junfeng Jiang,&nbsp;Tiegen Liu","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12081","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) is a branch of distributed fibre-optic sensors, and it can measure the strain and the temperature information, localised by the return time of the probe pulse, along the fibre based on the spontaneous Brillouin scattering process. Parameters of the BOTDR system, including the spatial resolution, the signal-to-noise ratio, the measurement speed, and the sensing range, have a mutually restrictive relationship. In order to improve the performance of the BOTDR system, researchers have focussed on improving the design of the probe pulse, for example, transforming the shape, the sequence, and the spectral properties of the pulse. This study summarises the recent progress in the design of detection pulses in BOTDR systems, and comprehensively demonstrates the improvement effects of various pulse modulation formats on the system performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 6","pages":"238-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41424907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue “optical communications, sensing, and laser applications”","authors":"Ming Tang,&nbsp;Zhenzhou Cheng,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Li Shen","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12080","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12080","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This Special Issue highlights topics relating to recent research advances in optical communications, optical sensing and laser applications, emphasising fibre-optic communication systems/sub-systems; optical signal processing; optical fibre sensors and devices; and various applications of silicon photonics, modulators, and optoelectronic integration circuits. It brings together contributions by outstanding international leaders, researchers, scientists, and engineers from a broad range of interdisciplinary fields to present their work in the science, technology, and applications of optical communications, optical sensing, and related laser techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this Special Issue, we have accepted five papers, which can be clustered into two main categories, namely optical communications and optical sensing. The papers falling into the first category exhibit novelties in optical switches and modulators. The papers in this category are from Zhentian Shan et al. and Yue Wu et al. The second category of papers offers direct solutions to optical sensing with applications to environmental and biomedical monitoring. These papers are from Mupeng Li et al., Majid Mafi et al., and Ying Zhang et al. A brief presentation of each paper in this special issue is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhentian Shan et al. report a 1*48 large-scale multi-mode fibre optical switch driven by a stepper motor. The insertion loss is &lt;1.42 dB, which can be further reduced to 1.02 dB after optimisation. With the employment of a corner cube prism in the optics, the device is characterised by good repeatability of &lt;±0.01 dB. The device has a fast response of &lt;8 ms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yue Wu et al. present a new doping profile of the PN depletion region with four doping concentration levels for Microring modulator (MRM) considering the electrical bandwidth. By increasing the electrical bandwidth, the electro-optical (EO) bandwidth is increased. The MRM is characterised and is applied in a WDM transmitter. By the measurement, the transmitter with the designed MRM could transmit PAM4 signal at 52 Gbps rate, which indicates the MRM could be potential for the 50 Gbps/ch optical interconnection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mupeng Li et al. give a review on Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR), which is a branch of distributed fibre-optic sensing, and can measure the strain and temperature information. This paper summarises the recent progress in the design of detection pulses in BOTDR systems and comprehensively demonstrates the improvement effects of various pulse modulation formats on the system performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Majid Mafi et al. investigate a high-quality and multi-purposed biosensor with maximum stable output transmittance numerically by using the inverse design method. The proposed biosensor utilises particle swarm optimisation for inverse design, which will be a helpful way of designing different kinds of precise sensors in the future. The proposed sensor can sense different parts of blood componen","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 6","pages":"235-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42288099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal power allocation in serial relay-assisted underwater wireless optical communication systems","authors":"Hamed Rabbani,&nbsp;S. Alireza Nezamalhosseini,&nbsp;Lawrence R. Chen,&nbsp;AliAsghar Beheshti-Shirazi","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12079","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For a serial relaying underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with ON-OFF keying modulation, we theoretically evaluate the optimal power allocation techniques in order to minimise the end-to-end bit error rate (BER), subject to transmission power constraints. At first, we evaluate the end-to-end BER with respect to all degrading effects of the UWOC channel, namely scattering, absorption, and turbulence-induced fading and then develop a closed-form BER expression as a function of transceiver parameters and water type. The optimal power allocation methods are obtained using the perfect channel state information available at the receiver (CSIR) and transmitter (CSIT) for both detect-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) serial relaying systems. For each relaying method, we consider a dual-hop UWOC system and determine optimal power allocation to minimise the BER. Afterwards, the optimal power allocation in a multi-hop system is obtained to minimise the end-to-end BER. Compared to the equal power allocation, our results illustrate that UWOC relaying systems with optimal power allocation can significantly improve the end-to-end BER and expand the communication link. For instance, the proposed power allocation method for the DF and AF relay node in a 60 m single relay system improves the system performance at the BER of 10⁻⁵ by 2.5 and 1.8 dB compared to the equal power allocation, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"17 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44548792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical gas sensing of sub-ppm SO2F2 and SOF2 from SF6 decomposition based on photoacoustic spectroscopy","authors":"Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Mingwei Wang,&nbsp;Pengcheng Yu,&nbsp;Zhe Liu","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12077","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>SF₆ has been recognized worldwide as the main insulating gas for Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS). It is often required to accurately and effectively detect typical SF₆ decomposition. In this paper, a sub-ppm-level SO₂F₂ and SOF₂ gas sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is proposed and demonstrated. The steel resonant photoacoustic cell with a resonant frequency of 1750 Hz was designed and fabricated. The harmonic detection technique in wavelength modulation spectroscopy was applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A mercury-cadmium-telluride photodetector was added in the PAS system to monitor the input optical power, in order to compensate for the errors caused by power fluctuations. SO₂F₂ and SOF₂ were measured by using distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers at 6648 and 7463 nm, respectively. The results show that the proposed sensor performed with favourable linearity within the dynamic range, and reached the minimum detection limit of 0.22 ppm for SO₂F₂ and 0.28 ppm for SOF₂, which indicated its great potential for monitoring the decomposition process of SF₆ in GIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 6","pages":"277-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49097039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 1 × 48 large-scale multi-mode fibre optical switch","authors":"Zhentian Shan,&nbsp;Zhujun Wan,&nbsp;Zhixiang Luo","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12076","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 1 × 48 large-scale multi-mode fibre (MMF) optical switch driven by a stepper motor is reported. The insertion loss is &lt;1.42 dB, which can be further reduced to 1.02 dB after optimisation. With the employment of a corner cube prism in the optics, the device is characterised by good repeatability of &lt;±0.01 dB. Meanwhile, the device has a fast response of &lt;8 ms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"16 6","pages":"253-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48519458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}