Iet Optoelectronics最新文献_第2页

Optical Wireless Data and Power Transfer for In-Body Electronic Devices: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using Ex Vivo Porcine Samples 体内电子设备的光学无线数据和能量传输：使用离体猪样本的概念验证研究

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70012

Syifaul Fuada, Mariella Särestöniemi, Marcos Katz

{"title":"Optical Wireless Data and Power Transfer for In-Body Electronic Devices: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using Ex Vivo Porcine Samples","authors":"Syifaul Fuada, Mariella Särestöniemi, Marcos Katz","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a proof-of-concept system for the joint wireless transfer of data and power to in-body electronic devices (IEDs) using near-infrared (NIR) light technology. The proposed system addresses two critical challenges in IEDs: the need for enhanced safety, privacy and security on wireless communication to IEDs and the limitations of battery-based power sources. The testbed, built primarily from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, comprises an 810 nm NIR LED, a photovoltaic cell (PV) as an energy harvester, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), a photodetector amplifier and a supercapacitor. Ex vivo experiments using porcine tissue samples demonstrated three key capabilities: (1) data transmission using Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation, (2) optical power transfer and (3) joint data and power transfer. In terms of data transfer, a data rate of approximately 95 kb/s has been established. Meanwhile, in the context of power transfer, the proposed system successfully charges a supercapacitor across a 3 cm-thick ex vivo porcine tissue within almost one day under 525 mW/cm2 light exposure (in a continuous wave operation), harvesting approximately 4.2 J of energy at a rate of 45.64 μJ/s. Furthermore, we have demonstrated wireless charging during data transmission, and it is viable. These results validate the feasibility of using optical links for secure, private, and noninvasive communication to IEDs (i.e., forward biotelemetry), which practically prevents remote hacking activities, as the optical beam coverage is very narrow. Furthermore, with the additional feature of wireless charging capabilities, it potentially reduces the need for surgical battery replacements and is expected to lead to improvements in patient care.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Analysis of Au/ZrN Based Dual-Core Low-Loss Photonic Crystal Fibre Biosensor for Biomedical Applications Au/ZrN双核低损耗光子晶体光纤生物传感器性能分析

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70014

Russel Reza Mahmud, Ali Ahnaf Hassan, Samia Monjori Sazeen, Abdullah Al Mahmud Nafiz, Shah Md. Salimullah

{"title":"Performance Analysis of Au/ZrN Based Dual-Core Low-Loss Photonic Crystal Fibre Biosensor for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Russel Reza Mahmud, Ali Ahnaf Hassan, Samia Monjori Sazeen, Abdullah Al Mahmud Nafiz, Shah Md. Salimullah","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a unique tunable low-loss photonic crystal fibre (PCF)-based refractive index (RI) sensor comprising Gold (Au) and Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) as the plasmonic layer is explored in this article. A comparative analysis of three sensor configurations—Au alone, ZrN alone, and a combination of Au and ZrN—is presented. The sensor achieves the highest spectral sensitivity (WS) of 18,010 nm/RIU at an RI of 1.40 using Au alone and 6150 nm/RIU at an RI of 1.39 using ZrN alone. When both materials are combined, an utmost WS of 38,915 nm/RIU is achieved at an RI of 1.39 for both polarisations, outperforming the other configurations with a confinement loss of only 0.551 dB/cm at an RI of 1.40. This low loss facilitates easy fabrication, allowing for a maximum sensor length of 159 cm, a resolution of 2.57 × 10−6 RIU, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.603 × 10−11 RIU2/nm. The bimetallic layer setup enables the opportunity for enhanced optical coupling between the two different types of plasmonic material used, elevating the detection capability of the sensor. The sensing performance displayed can outperform the currently available sensors that use ZrN solely and are very well-compatible with those using Gold alone. However, using gold layer alone gave out better amplitude sensitivity (AS) results which makes it suitable for application when the cost of equipment is in question and the use of ZrN layer alone can also be a smarter choice considering the cost of material, durability and availability of Zirconium in nature when compared to Gold. The tunable sensor can be employed in biomedical applications such as monitoring the glucose level in the bloodstream of patients and detecting blood components such as RBC, WBC, haemoglobin, plasma, and water from blood samples with high precision and accuracy, being able to differentiate between potential interfering molecules.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of Lead-Free Double-Absorber Solar Cell Using Cs2TiBr6/La2NiMnO6 Over 33% Efficiency 使用效率超过33%的Cs2TiBr6/La2NiMnO6模拟无铅双吸收太阳能电池

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70013

Sheikh Hasib Cheragee, Jannatul Afroj Akhi, Muhammad Masud Tarek, Mohammad Tahsin Alam, Mohammad Jahangir Alam

{"title":"Simulation of Lead-Free Double-Absorber Solar Cell Using Cs2TiBr6/La2NiMnO6 Over 33% Efficiency","authors":"Sheikh Hasib Cheragee, Jannatul Afroj Akhi, Muhammad Masud Tarek, Mohammad Tahsin Alam, Mohammad Jahangir Alam","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"Despite perovskite solar cells (PSCs) having seen significant improvements in efficiency, their path to industrialisation and commercialisation is hindered by considerable challenges. A major concern is the toxicity associated with lead-based perovskites, which also suffer from rapid degradation. To mitigate these issues, researchers are investigating lead-free alternatives. In this study, we developed a device structure for a lead-free PSC utilising Cs2TiBr6 and La2NiMnO6 as absorbers. By modifying the thickness of these layers with distinct bandgap values, we achieved current matching in the design, which was carried out utilising the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) with the AM 1.5 G 1 sun light spectrum. The proposed optimised device structure includes layers of FTO, SnO2, Cs2TiBr6, La2NiMnO6, GO and Au. SCAPS-1D is also utilised to assess the impact of defect density, different hole transport layers (HTLs) and operating temperature on the performance of the proposed double-absorber solar cell (DASC). Additionally, it is also examined how the back-reflective coating and varying solar spectra affect the proposed structure. At 300 K, the optimised design achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 33.38%, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.9158 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 43.47 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 83.85%.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Genetic-Algorithm Enhanced Design of a Silicon-Photonics Wavelength Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Circuit 基于遗传算法的硅光子学波长复用/解复用电路设计

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70008

Michael Gad, Mira Abboud, Mostafa Fedawy, Hany Mahrous, Ahmed Shaker, W. Fikry, Michael Ibrahim

{"title":"A Genetic-Algorithm Enhanced Design of a Silicon-Photonics Wavelength Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Circuit","authors":"Michael Gad, Mira Abboud, Mostafa Fedawy, Hany Mahrous, Ahmed Shaker, W. Fikry, Michael Ibrahim","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel design for a wavelength Multiplexer/Demultiplexer circuit based on the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) platform. The wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) specifications for this device include free spectral range of 100 GHz (equivalently <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0.8</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mtext>nm</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $0.8,text{nm}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), channel spacing of 50 GHz, crosstalk less than −23 dB, dispersion less than 30 ps/nm, and preferably shape factor greater than 0.6, alongside minimal insertion loss and device footprint. The new design incorporates four additional ring resonators compared to previous studies, resulting in significant enhancement in crosstalk by 13 and 4 dB for the through port and drop port signals, respectively. Additionally, the transmission shape factor increases by 25% and 50% for the through port and drop port, respectively. The design approach employs a genetic algorithm to achieve optimal coupling coefficients for a multi-objective optimisation problem without a mathematical closed form, significantly reducing the computation time. This proposed algorithm seeks a balanced solution where all performance parameters reach acceptable values rather than optimising each parameter individually. This method proves to be both efficient and expedient, effectively eliminating the trial-and-error approach and the need for visual investigation of the Z-domain of the circuit transmission commonly used in the literature.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Research on Image Transmission Over One Hundred Metres With Limited Bandwidth in a Semantic Ultraviolet Communication System 语义紫外通信系统有限带宽下百米图像传输的实验研究

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70010

Qibin Xu, Xukun Chen, Dahai Han, Min Zhang

{"title":"Experimental Research on Image Transmission Over One Hundred Metres With Limited Bandwidth in a Semantic Ultraviolet Communication System","authors":"Qibin Xu, Xukun Chen, Dahai Han, Min Zhang","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, ultraviolet (UV) communication is proposed for use in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication, while the efficient transmission of images with limited bandwidth has posed a persistent challenge. This paper introduces a light-emitting diode-based UV communication system combined with semantic compression for image transmission. The experimental results show that the proposed semantic UV communication (SUC) system could transform a 7.19 MB image to a file of approximately 304 kB with the aid of deep learning, effectively reducing the bandwidth required for transmission. In addition, by jointly designing the encoding and modulation process and incorporating the interference light signals from the receiver’s detector into the joint coding-modulation (JCM) system for training, the resulting modulation strategy is matched with the actual transmission conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the system could work well over 100 m while sending images with good quality in the face of error bits interference.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of FBG-Based Sensing System for Meat Quality Assessment and Steak Cooking Optimisation 基于fbg的肉质评价与牛排烹饪优化传感系统设计

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70006

Jawad Mirza, Ahmad Atieh, Firdos Kanwal, Salman Ghafoor, Muhammad Ijaz, Benish Kanwal, Anwar Ul Haq, Ahmad Almogren

{"title":"Design of FBG-Based Sensing System for Meat Quality Assessment and Steak Cooking Optimisation","authors":"Jawad Mirza, Ahmad Atieh, Firdos Kanwal, Salman Ghafoor, Muhammad Ijaz, Benish Kanwal, Anwar Ul Haq, Ahmad Almogren","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"Water presence in raw meat not only degrades its quality by diluting the natural flavours, but also increases the risk of bacterial growth, altering texture, and juiciness which ultimately affects the quality of end products. Therefore, quality assessment of raw meat in markets as well as in eateries is important to ensure the consumer's safety and satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a nondestructive technique to detect water presence in raw meat and steak cooking temperature optimisation using a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor inserted into the piece of raw meat. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First, the water presence in the piece of raw meat is detected by analysing the shift in Bragg wavelength corresponding to time-dependent gradual decrease in temperature of heated probe of FBG sensor due to convective heat transfer from probe to meat. Secondly, the optimum cooking temperature of a particular type of steak is achieved after quality assessment of meat by analysing the shift in Bragg wavelength corresponding to time-dependent gradual increase in probe temperature due to convective heat transfer from meat to probe. The results show that the proposed sensing system can complete the error-free detection of water in 250 g piece of raw meat within 30 s for water contents of 50, 75, and 100 g which account for 20%, 30%, and 40% of the net weight of meat, respectively. Moreover, the simulated and experimental values of temperature sensitivity (TS) of FBG sensor used in this work are around 13 and 10 pm/°C, respectively. The proof of the concept of a smart restaurant based upon the proposed work is also discussed. This study provides a nondestructive, simple, and fast solution for detection of water in raw meat and achieving the optimum cooking temperature for different types of steaks.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Channel Characterisation for Underwater Optical Wireless Vertical Links 水下无线光纤垂直链路的信道特性

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70007

Alessandro Ugolini, Federica Poli, Daniele Croce, Stefano Mangione

引用次数: 0

Intelligent photonic computing: From free-space to on-chip integration 智能光子计算：从自由空间到片上集成

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.12112

Xingchen Dong, Xiaofei Han, Yao Meng, Zehua Huang, Yuhang Ji, Binghui Niu, Dan Liang, Yueying Liang, Haiyan He, Zhang Zhou, Jingtao Fan

{"title":"Intelligent photonic computing: From free-space to on-chip integration","authors":"Xingchen Dong, Xiaofei Han, Yao Meng, Zehua Huang, Yuhang Ji, Binghui Niu, Dan Liang, Yueying Liang, Haiyan He, Zhang Zhou, Jingtao Fan","doi":"10.1049/ote2.12112","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.12112","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing scalability of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has a high demand for efficient computing architectures and physical platforms. Intelligent photonic computing with high parallelism, high speed, low latency, and multi-dimensional data modulation properties shows its potential for dealing with current challenges of energy consumption in both computing clouds and edge devices. The implementation of photonic devices and physical computing systems for AI computing was reviewed from free-space to on-chip platforms. Firstly, the mathematics and physics of AI algorithms including feedforward neural network, recurrent neural network, and spiking neural network were introduced. Secondly, principles of devices and applications of new architectures including 3D and 2D metasurfaces which are based on diffractive deep neural network and on-chip waveguide devices including Mach–Zehnder interferometers and microring resonators were summarised. Thirdly, two emerging fields of AI computing including reconfigurability and non-linearity were surveyed, which are important factors of achieving in situ training and backpropagation towards the path of general AI computing. Finally, mainstream intelligent photonic computing platforms were compared, and the challenges were outlook.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.12112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CNN-Based Human Detection and Identification in Indoor Optical Camera Communication Systems Using a Wearable LED Strip 基于cnn的可穿戴LED带室内光学摄像机通信系统中人的检测与识别

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70005

Eleni Niarchou, Atiya Fatima Usmani, Vicente Matus, Jose Rabadan, Victor Guerra, Luis Nero Alves, Rafael Perez-Jimenez

{"title":"CNN-Based Human Detection and Identification in Indoor Optical Camera Communication Systems Using a Wearable LED Strip","authors":"Eleni Niarchou, Atiya Fatima Usmani, Vicente Matus, Jose Rabadan, Victor Guerra, Luis Nero Alves, Rafael Perez-Jimenez","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a proof of concept for an indoor optical camera communication (OCC) system utilising a deep learning network to detect and identify humans wearing light-emitting diode (LED) strips. Specifically, we propose using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) version 8 object detection algorithm, which is built on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to identify wearable LED transmitters in challenging scenarios such as low visibility, mobility and multiple users, followed by image processing to effectively decode the transmitted data. The red-green-blue (RGB) LED strip's colours (red, green, blue and white) serve as indicators of the user's status. By combining communication and monitoring functionalities, the LEDs facilitate not only the transmission of user data but also accurate detection, tracking and identification within the environment. This demonstrates the feasibility of utilising widely available devices like LED strips and cameras, commonly found in many buildings, with potential applications in high-risk environments where monitoring individuals' physical conditions is crucial. The obtained results indicate our system's effectiveness, as it achieved up to 100% success of reception (SoR) in a static experimental setup, 96.2% in a walking experimental setup with one user and showed no effectiveness with two users.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme Learning Machine Models for Classifying the LED Source in a 2D Visible Light Positioning Database 二维可见光定位数据库中LED光源分类的极限学习机模型

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Iet Optoelectronics Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1049/ote2.70004

David Zabala-Blanco, Cesar A. Azurdia-Meza, Benjamín Lobos Soto, Ismael Soto, Pablo Palacios Játiva, Roberto Ahumada-García, Muhammad Ijaz

{"title":"Extreme Learning Machine Models for Classifying the LED Source in a 2D Visible Light Positioning Database","authors":"David Zabala-Blanco, Cesar A. Azurdia-Meza, Benjamín Lobos Soto, Ismael Soto, Pablo Palacios Játiva, Roberto Ahumada-García, Muhammad Ijaz","doi":"10.1049/ote2.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ote2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in indoor positioning systems that use visible light communication (VLC) technology combined with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These systems have gained attention because of their ability to offer high bandwidth, precise localisation, and potential for wireless communication to extend into the visible light spectrum in the future, making VLC a notable candidate. Furthermore, the visible light spectrum proves advantageous in the industrial internet of things setting, as it does not offer electromagnetic interference as in radio frequency (RF) spectrum. This paper analyses a database made up of approximately 356 image samples obtained from a CMOS sensor. The database encompasses eight distinct classes, each demonstrating frequency (bit rate) variations ranging from 1 to 4.5 kHz in 500 Hz increments. The aim is to implement this database for classification applications as a first stage with several neural networks based on extreme learning machines (ELM) in various forms: (1) standard ELM, (2) regularised ELM, (3) weighted ELM in two configurations, and (4) multilayer ELM with 2 and 3 hidden layers. The findings of this study reveal that standard ELM is particularly promising, achieving more than 99% in accuracy and G-mean, while maintaining low computational complexity (measured in tenths of seconds) when compared to convolutional neural networks and multilayer perceptrons, which offer superior performance, however at the cost of significant computational demands.","PeriodicalId":13408,"journal":{"name":"Iet Optoelectronics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ote2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0