{"title":"Design of super wide band 3-way power divider/combiner","authors":"Nagarakshith Mungara, Kamla Prasan Ray","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 1:3-way power divider/combiner has been proposed for much improved bandwidth and isolation between output ports. The matching network for the super wide bandwidth frequency range is designed using a combination of the Klopfenstein taper and the triangular taper. The proposed design yields bandwidth from 1.5 to 20 GHz (18.5 GHz) for return loss better than 15 dB and isolation better than 20 dB. The insertion loss for the entire frequency band is 0.8 dB which is only 0.34 dB for the ultra-wide bandwidth (3.1–10.6 GHz). The maximum phase imbalance of 3.32° and amplitude imbalance of 0.199 dB between all the output ports have been achieved over the entire bandwidth. The simulated results have been validated experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 11","pages":"830-837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lifeng Li, Xingang Liu, Xiangrong Wang, Mengkai Hu, Yufeng Du
{"title":"Phase-only transmit beampattern synthesis with sparse arrays via alternating optimisation-alternating direction of the multipliers method","authors":"Lifeng Li, Xingang Liu, Xiangrong Wang, Mengkai Hu, Yufeng Du","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12503","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To get simultaneously sparse and constant modulus excitation to reduce the complexity of the array and the mutual effect of neighbouring elements, a novel algorithm via alternating optimisation-alternating direction of the multipliers method is developed. This method uses the total transmitting power as the objective function to optimise the sparsity and the amplitude of excitation simultaneously. Numerical results are provided to verify its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 10","pages":"791-800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breakthrough design of power handling capability-enhanced slotted oversized substrate-integrated waveguide power divider/combiner considering corona and thermal effects","authors":"Masoumeh Souri, Nasser Masoumi, Mahmoud Mohammad-Taheri","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis and design of a new slotted power divider/combiner (PDC) that utilises an oversized substrate-integrated waveguide (OS-SIW) is presented to enhance power handling capability (PHC). It is interesting to note that, the power capability tolerance can be increased by increasing the width of structure and thickness of the substrate, although it may introduce higher-order modes. The paper is focused on improving PHC of PDC that propagates only the TE<sub>10</sub> mode while preventing the propagation of higher-order modes. Additionally, the PHC of the proposed structure is studied in detail. The air breakdown or the corona effect is a physical phenomenon that limits the Peak Power Handling Capability (PPHC) of a device. In slotted microwave components, the corona effect plays a crucial role in determining the PPHC, and it is closely related to environmental conditions such as pressure. Another limiting factor is self-heating, which affects the device's Average Power Handling Capability (APHC). The slotted OS-SIW PDC is designed on Rogers RO4003 laminate with 32mil thickness, offering a low profile with an overall OS-SIW PDC area of 170 × 55 mm<sup>2</sup>. The measured results of the fabricated PDC showcase a range of desirable features. Moreover, the proposed structure in power divider mode exhibits significant improvements in APHC compared to those of the conventional Substrate-Integrated Waveguides structures, with respective enhancements of approximately 8.26% at 10 GHz (with a Fractional Band Width of 58.3%). These advantages are highly beneficial and hold great potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 10","pages":"779-790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of sparse rectangular planar arrays with weight function and improved grey wolf optimization algorithm","authors":"Kui Tao, Bin Wang, Xue Tian, Qi Tang, Guihan Xie","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present article proposes a novel hybrid approach for addressing the synthesis problem of rectangular planar arrays under multiple constraints, through joint optimization of the weight function and the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm. Firstly, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is improved by using tent chaotic mapping, nonlinear convergence factor, dominant wolf dynamic belief strategy, and opposition-based learning strategy to increase the population diversity and the ability to jump out of the local optimum. Secondly, the array elements are weighted using the weight function to generate the position distribution matrix, which reduces the thinned matrix optimization time and improves the optimization efficiency. Finally, the position distribution matrix is used to generate the thinned array, and the IGWO algorithm is applied to perform the sparse optimization with multiple constraints. The effectiveness of the method is verified through numerical simulation and full-wave simulation experiments, demonstrating its capability to enhance array antenna performance and reduce peak sidelobe level (PSLL). These experimental results hold significant engineering implications and provide valuable references for addressing the array distribution problem under multiple constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 10","pages":"748-762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning-Ning Wang, De-Wei Zhang, Qing Liu, Hang Qian, Wei-Zhe Qu
{"title":"A compact half-mode substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter based on highly confined slow waves with loading capacitive patches","authors":"Ning-Ning Wang, De-Wei Zhang, Qing Liu, Hang Qian, Wei-Zhe Qu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with loading capacitive patches (LCPs). The bandpass characteristics are achieved by etching complementary SSPPs on the metal patches of the HMSIW. SSPPs exhibit a slow-wave effect, which effectively reduces the overall size of the filter. At the same time, using proper LCPs between the HMSIW metal via and the complementary SSPPs structure, the effective dielectric constant of the HMSIW can be changed, reducing the low cutoff frequency and further facilitating the miniaturisation of size. A prototype of the proposed filter is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the proposed filter has the in-band insertion loss of 1 and 3 dB passband range of 6.4–9.8 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 10","pages":"771-778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Null-depth coordinated synthesis design approach to azimuthal null frequency scanning antennas","authors":"Xiao-Hui Mao, Wen-Jun Lu, Fei-Yan Ji, Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel synthesis design approach to multimode resonant, azimuthal null frequency scanning antennas (ANFSAs) coordinated by null-depth is presented. The antenna is composed of a principal radiator and an auxiliary one fed by different ports. A synthesis chart gauged by different null-depths is developed to determine the respective exciting amplitude and phase conditions for the principal and auxiliary radiators. As is theoretically demonstrated and numerically verified, the ANFSA can exhibit an adjustable null-depth varying from −12∼−30 dB. A three-port unequal-split power divider with the simplest configuration is properly designed, utilised and integrated to meet the oriented power and phase conditions. A prototype with in-band null-depth of −30 dB is designed, fabricated and validated in such a way that its available bandwidth can reach up to 32.7%, and the null can continuously scan from <i>φ</i> = 160°–275° in azimuth plane.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 10","pages":"763-770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Yang, Xiang Wang, Xian-Long Yang, Xiao-Wei Zhu, Wen Wu
{"title":"Compact linear-phase bandpass filters with notched frequency response employing eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide and dual-mode microstrip line structure","authors":"Hang Yang, Xiang Wang, Xian-Long Yang, Xiao-Wei Zhu, Wen Wu","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of fourth-order bandpass filters (BPFs) with compact footprints, broad bandwidth, high selectivity, linear phase and notched response are proposed. The sketch of these BPFs is in accordance with the combination of the eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) and dual-mode microstrip line (DMML) resonators. The DMML resonator is constructed by means of metallic via-holes and pad in the double-layered structures. Among them, the DMML resonator can provide two transmission poles. Besides, the cross coupling is introduced through the vertical slot or fan-shaped aperture in the dual-layered substrates. The coupling schemes of the proposed BPFs can introduce two transmission zeros in the vicinity of operating passband, and the coupled scheme also exhibits a relatively flat in-band group delay. Notched frequency responses have been obtained by exploiting the U-shaped resonator and folded-ring resonator embedded with the mixed EMSIW and DMML BPFs. To validate the conceptual design, the proposed BPFs are simulated, fabricated and measured. Both the simulation and measurement have reached to a satisfactory agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 9","pages":"691-701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A high-power, high-isolation, dual-polarised planar phased array antenna","authors":"Junxing Jiang, Shaoqiu Xiao, Yiming Zhang, Shaoyi Xie","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A high-power, high-isolation, dual-polarised planar phased array antenna is presented. Based on a multi-layer microstrip structure, two sets of polarisation ports are fed through orthogonal slot coupling, achieving high isolation and low cross-polarisation. Double-layer radiation patches and cavity interlayers are used to expand the bandwidth and increase the gain. Metal vias are added around microstrip feeders and between array units to suppress surface waves, thereby improving the scanning performance of the phased array. A smooth gradient microstrip structure is designed to improve the power capacity while realising broadband impedance matching. The measured results show that in the 8–10 GHz frequency band, the isolation of the dual polarisation ports is greater than 50 dB, and the impedance bandwidth reaches 22.2%, with active VSWR <1.5 when not scanning. Both sets of polarisation can achieve 2-D beam scanning in the range of E-plane ±20° and H-plane ±40° without grating lobes, maintaining the scan loss below 2.4 dB, cross-polarisation below −20 dB and active VSWR <2. Each unit achieves a high gain of 7.4 dB and large power capacity of 5 kW; so the entire 8 × 8 phased array can achieve a main lobe gain of 25.5 dB and realise high-power directional radiation with the effective isotropic radiated power of 92.5 dBm. The proposed planar antenna has a low profile of 5.5 mm (0.17<b><i>λ</i></b><sub>0</sub>).</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 9","pages":"702-713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuoheng Xie, Shi Chao Jin, Jia Xing Sun, Dunge Liu, Bo Huang, Yuqian Yang, Chenyu Mei, Jinhuai Su, Jun Huang, Xiulong Wu, Lei Zhang
{"title":"A K-band eight-element reconfigurable phased-array receiver with high Tx-band rejection","authors":"Zhuoheng Xie, Shi Chao Jin, Jia Xing Sun, Dunge Liu, Bo Huang, Yuqian Yang, Chenyu Mei, Jinhuai Su, Jun Huang, Xiulong Wu, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A K-band eight-element phased-array receiver is proposed, featuring a reconfigurable beam count and high Tx-band rejection, tailored for satellite communication applications. By precisely designing the inter-stage and output matching networks of the four-stage low-noise amplifier, the Tx-band rejection of the receiver can be effectively enhanced to align with the requirements of more than 35 dB in shared-aperture phased-array applications. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable power divider is meticulously designed to achieve three different operation modes, which allows the eight-element receiver to be configured for one, two, or four simultaneous beams. In addition, an active vector-modulated phase shifter is designed to meet the demands of precise phase shifts of phased-array systems. Based on the proposed method, a K-band eight-element reconfigurable phased-array receiver operating from 17.7 to 21.2 GHz is designed and measured. The measurement exhibits more than 35-dB Tx-band rejection, 21–24.5 dB for single-channel gain, and lower than 2.6 dB for noise figure within the design bandwidth. Meanwhile, the measured root mean square (RMS) gain error and RMS phase error are confined within 0.8 dB and 3.7°, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 12","pages":"869-877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-band millimetre wave indoor directional channel measurements and analysis for future wireless communication systems","authors":"Amar Al-Jzari, Sana Salous","doi":"10.1049/mia2.12494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-input single-output (SISO) three-dimensional (3D) wideband indoor directional measurements collected in a factory environment and an office environment at 38 and 70 GHz are presented. 3D single-input multiple-output (SIMO) dual polarised measurements with 1 × 2 antenna configurations were also carried out in a meeting room, a conference room, and an office room at the 60 GHz band. The measurements cover both azimuth and elevation by rotating the directional antenna (RDA) at the receiver side. Different statistical channel parameters such as power delay profile, power angle profile, root-mean-square delay spread, angular spread, and path loss were estimated for different possible antenna orientations between the transmitter and the receiver, which include line-of-sight, obstructed line-of-sight, and non-line-of-sight. The polarisation effects on path loss models and the delay and angular spread models based on the surface area of the environment are studied. The results will be valuable for the design of indoor millimetre wave cellular networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13374,"journal":{"name":"Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation","volume":"18 9","pages":"667-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mia2.12494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}