Indian Journal of Community Health最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Electronic Waste (e-waste) Management Among Users of Electronic Equipments Living in Lucknow City","authors":"Peeyush Kariwala, S. Kandpal, Sumeet Dixit, A. Singh, Anurag Pathak, Shikhar Singh","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contemporary society has led to the increasing use of electronic equipment that is very much responsible for the burden of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste contains very hazardous substance that harms health and environmental conditions. There is no delicate mechanism for the management of e-waste in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh. This study assessed knowledge, practice, and awareness of e-waste management among residents of this city.\u0000Material and methods: The study was conducted amongst users of electronic equipment living in the Lucknow City of Uttar Pradesh. The study was a Cross-sectional descriptive study. Multi-stage random sampling was done for the selection of participants for the study. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was administered in a single setting for all phases. The total optimum sample size is 700 individuals who participated in the study. Data were entered in MS Excel 2016 and descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were calculated, applying the chi-square test for association using R-4.2.1 Statistical software. Aim and objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the management of electronic waste among users of electronic equipment residing in Lucknow city.\u0000Results: Only 37% of users are aware that e-waste adversely affects health. Only 34.3% of users knew that e-waste should be given to the seller or manufacturer for recycling while rest told that it should be stored at home, sold to a scrap dealer, or disposed with normal waste. 87.3% users are not aware about e-waste govt guidelines. In the current study electronic and print media like television, radio and news paper were not found to be source of information for e-waste disposal.\u0000Conclusion: Education regarding the ill effects of e-waste is essential for people and awareness of proper disposal of e-waste is the need of the hour. Electronic and print media as well as companies producing electronic equipment should play a significant role to awaken the respondent about the disposal of e-waste.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there any Window of Opportunity to Tackle Geriatric Malnutrition?","authors":"R. Khandre","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.023","url":null,"abstract":"India has seen an increase in its greying population in recent years. The elderly population has a lot to contribute to society, but various problems like malnutrition can hinder their activities. India has been taking various nutritional interventions but has mainly focused on women and children, while the elderly have been neglected. Even after taking nutritional programmes to national platforms, the sustainability question hovers in the policy makers’ minds. Advanced and novel steps should be taken to ensure the long-term viability of existing programs, which can serve as the foundation for new interventions for the new group. Public health should participate in the new schemes that are currently in place to achieve the other SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), as the SDG 2030 agenda brings different opportunities to act against malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46010088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Gender using Discriminant Analysis of Hand Dimensions among Adult Participants","authors":"S. Rahman, K. Shukla, P. Mishra, Ranjana Singh","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The estimation of gender using hand dimensions is a crucial role in forensic investigation and legal sciences.\u0000Objectives: In this study, the mean score of hand measurements have been derived and linear discriminant analysis has been applied to predict gender from hand dimensions. An Independent t-test has been employed to know discrimination between male and female. The accuracy of gender estimation has been derived and checked by ROC curve.\u0000Material and Methods: A sample of 150 participants has been collected for the completion of this study, where 78 males and 72 females were found aged between 18 and 24 years. The breadths and lengths of left and right hands of the participants have been measured.\u0000Results: Respondents’ mean score of length and breadth of left hand were found 17.69 ± 1.30 and 7.56 ± 1.17, respectively. It was found to be significantly different in the respondents’ mean scores of males and females.\u0000Conclusions: The hand dimensions of males were higher than females. The prediction of a number of females and males were 76 and 74, respectively, and its accuracy was observed 0.87. This research can be applied for larger sample and would be helpful in predicting gender discrimination among adults through hand dimensions.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Study on Quality of Life among Road Traffic Accident Victims in India","authors":"Lalithambigai Chellamuthu, Devi Kittu, Y. Bahurupi, K. Vasudevan","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Road traffic accidents are India’s sixth leading cause of mortality, with a substantial share of physical, psychosocial and economic losses in the productive age group.\u0000Objectives: To explore the victims’ and stakeholders’ perceptions on quality of life among road traffic accident victims in India.\u0000Methods: A qualitative study incorporating in-depth interviews among road traffic accident victims and key informant interviews among stakeholders was conducted from June to August 2019 (3 months) in Puducherry. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected till the point of saturation with a semi-structured interview guide through six in-depth interviews among accident victims and six key informant interviews among stakeholders. Content analysis of the data was performed, and a conceptual framework was developed. Written informed consent from each participant was sought. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institute Ethics Committee.\u0000Results: Four themes were identified: reasons for road traffic accidents, problems faced by the victims, problems faced by the caretaker or family member, and preventive measures for road traffic injuries.\u0000Conclusion: Physical, psychological, and financial problems were encountered by the victims, caretakers, and family members after a major road traffic accident. Accident victims felt that support from family members was indispensable in returning to normal life.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46725126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Risk Factors of HBV Infection and its Association with HBs Ag Positivity among Residents of Kaza Sub- division of District Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh","authors":"Anmol Gupta, Amit Sachdeva, R. Sharma, N. Sharma, D. Barall, V. Bodh, D. Sharma, Brij Sharma","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem, an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted this study to evaluate the behavioral risk factors of HBV infection and its association with HBsAg positivity among residents of Kaza sub-division of district Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh.\u0000Material & Methods: The study was carried out by the Gastroenterology, Community Medicine, and Microbiology Department at Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla at Kaza, a subdivision of Lahaul & Spiti. The cluster sampling technique was used to get the desired sample size of 4000. Forty clusters were chosen using a probability proportionate to size sampling method, and 100 research participants were added to each cluster using a simple random sampling method. The data was gathered using a pre-tested interview plan. A blood sample of 5ml from each study participant was obtained, and its HBsAg content was examined. Results: In our study, 2.7% of the interviewed respondents’ parents were positive for hepatitis B and 3.7% reported one positive family member. Injectable drug use was reported by 1.6 (68/4231). Among these users 8.8% (6/68) shared needles with other IDUs in last 12 months and 35.3% (24/68) used a common container to draw up drug solution. Sexual intercourse was reported to be experienced by 15.5 (655/4231) and 12.2% either did not disclose or were children. Out of those who ever experienced sexual/penetrative intercourse 38.3% (251/655) had reported it with someone else other than a spouse. Majority of these had two partners other than a spouse (30.3%; 76/251). Around 30% (195/655) reported of using a condom in their last intercourse. Body piercings or a tattoo from someone who doesn’t sterilize his or her equipment, including local treatment from lamas, was prevalent among 16.3% of the population (689/4231). Acupuncture was taken as a remedy for any medical condition by 9% of participants. Regression analysis also revealed that one infected family member emerged as an independent factor associated with HBsAg positive test after adjusting for confounders.\u0000Conclusion: Our study provided much important information concerning hepatitis B risk factors in this tribal group. Health education about behavioral risk factors among this tribal population should be the main intervention that might help limit the spread of these blood-borne infections.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70779617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Socio-cultural Restrictions and Determinants of School Absenteeism during Menstruation among Adolescent School Girls in Bangalore","authors":"Brunda N Krishnaiah, Deepa L. Nanjundaswamy, Sujatha N. Kulkarni, D. Vasu, Annarao Kulkarni, Bhaskar Kurre","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Menstrual-related problems are one of the most common problems among adolescent girls and might adversely affect their performance in academic and other activities of daily life.\u0000Aims & Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of school absenteeism among adolescent school girls during menstruation. 2. To assess the restrictions which are imposed on adolescent school girls during menstruation. 3. To evaluate the various factors associated with school absenteeism during menstruation.\u0000Methods: A study was conducted by carrying out a questionnaire and focus group discussion between October 2019-January 2020 in seven schools of Bangalore city after obtaining the assent and informed consent signed by their parents.\u0000Result: The mean age of the girls was 14.45 ± 1.71. The proportion of school absenteeism during menstruation was (30.25%). The majority (89.25%) of the students among the school absentees missed one day of school during menstruation. Among the school absentees, pain/discomfort was one of the main reasons for missing school, accounting for (69.42%). (46.25%) of the students were restricted from any kind of religious activities. Pain during menstruation, shame, fear of leakage, lack of toilet or water supply, lack of a place to dispose of sanitary pads and absence of a private place to manage periods were some factors that were associated with school absenteeism during menstruation.\u0000Conclusion: Considerably high school absenteeism among adolescent girls due to menstruation was noted in this study, highlighting the need for improved interventions that reach girls at a young age.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70779678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Second-hand Smoke: Are We Asking the Right Questions?","authors":"Akashdeep Sharma, R. Raghavan, S. Garg, P. Aggarwal, S. Kishore, O. Bera","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Second-hand tobacco smoke as defined by WHO is the smoke emitted by a smoker or released from a burnt cigarette or any tobacco product. It is highly prevalent all over the globe but its serious health implications are often neglected by the public and the scientific community alike. Second-hand smoke has everlasting impact on all the body’s major organs, especially among the vulnerable population of children, pregnant ladies, people with chronic diseases and senior citizens. Although India started its war against this menace earlier than other counties, all its efforts remain bootless as its approach and implementation have a wide range of lacunae. This review aims to give a big picture of second-hand smoke, highlighting its pathophysiological changes in the body, socioeconomic impact, various strategies, and the gap that prevents these strategies from finding a favorable result in India. It becomes all the more important to reduce its impact owing to the increase in prevalence among youth reducing their vitality, derailing the society and the nation. It is recommended that the health authorities approach this health problem with utmost seriousness as a laid-back approach could welcome this silent killer’s known and unknown repercussions.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repercussions of COVID-19 Pandemic on prenatal and antenatal care in Bahadarbad block of Dist Haridwar Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Rajeev Bijalwan, Ruchira Nautiyal, N. Yadav","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of maternal morbidity and mortality gets reduced if antenatal care (ANC) is provided since it focuses on providing birth preparedness, good health maintenance measures, and awareness regarding pregnancy complications as well as danger signs.\u0000Methodology: The present study was conducted in the selected 10 villages in the Bahadarbad block of Haridwar (Uttarakhand). 479 out of 580 pregnant women (who had visited Antenatal Health Camps), responded to the questionnaire thus, leading to a response rate of 82.8%. Most respondents, i.e. 96% (n=461), were 21–30 years old.\u0000Result: Out of 461 pregnant women, only 45% visited Antenatal Health Camps and 58% were found anemic. The study also indicated that of the pregnant women who visited Antenatal Health Camps during this period, more than 72% of women gave their previous birth in less than two years. Only 15% of women obtained complete ANC (4 Visits) during the study period, just half of the previous year’s coverage (31%) for the same duration. The study found that home deliveries increased significantly during the lockdown period. From April to June 2020, the percentage of home deliveries was 41% while from July to December 2020 it was 24%.\u0000Conclusion: The study suggested reduced utilization of ANC services during the pandemic and significant factors were women’s age, residence, educational status, repurposing of maternity healthcare services, fear of COVID-19 transmission, and transportation disruptions. Thus, efforts should be taken to enhance maternal health services.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44261203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upsurge in Firearm related Deaths among Children and Adolescents in the United States: An Alarming Trend","authors":"MD. Abu Bashar, N. Sheikh","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.025","url":null,"abstract":"Firearm-related violence is a leading cause of death, disproportionately affecting adolescents and young adults across the world, especially in the Americas. It is one of the most common forms of suicide and homicide across the globe. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows an alarming increase in firearm-related mortality among children and Adolescents which is a cause of concern and requires strict gun licensing regulation in countries like the U.S.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relation with Depression among School-going Adolescents","authors":"D. Sharma, Naveen Krishan Goel, A. Sidana, Shefali Kaura, Michelin Sehgal","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smartphone addiction among adolescents is an increasingly recognized problem worldwide. It affects the\u0000psychological well-being of an individual.\u0000Aim and objective: The current study aimed to assess smartphone addiction’s prevalence and its relation to depression among adolescents.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 school-going adolescents. Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short version (SAS-SV) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and depression. Data were analyzed using Epi info software for windows (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.4 years (SD=1.5 years). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 23%, while depression was present among 45% of the study participants. Comparatively higher duration of smartphone use was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Depression was significantly higher among smartphone addicts (77.2%) as compared to their counterparts (35.4%).\u0000Conclusion and Recommendation: The smartphone usage of adolescents, if not monitored, could lead to its addiction and thus increase the risk of depression among them. To prevent smartphone addiction, limiting children’s screen time is recommended. In this regard, parents can play a pivotal role by becoming responsible digital role models for their children.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42884185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}