Immunohematology最新文献

{"title":"Use of e^VAR and anti-e^VAR as interim terms.","authors":"Sandra Nance","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 4","pages":"139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post COVID-19 vaccination and adverse events: correspondence.","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 4","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9944208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme treatment of red blood cells: use of ficin and papain.","authors":"B Bruce","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteolytic enzymes are used to treat red blood cells (RBCs) to aid in complex antibody identification. Although there are many enzymes that can be used, for the purpose of this method review, enzyme-treated RBCs refers only to RBCs treated with ficin or papain. Ficin and papain can increase the sensitivity of antibody detection by modifying the RBC membrane. Enzyme treatment and test methods can be performed using one-stage or two-stage procedures. Enzyme treatment is especially useful for the differentiation of multiple antibodies, enhancement of detection of weak antibodies, and adsorption methods. In all cases, quality control is required to ensure adequate treatment of RBCs before additional testing. Ficin and papain are useful tools for both immunohematology reference laboratories and transfusion services.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating anti-D in an individual with the weak D type 2 genotype.","authors":"S Phou,&nbsp;N Nguyen,&nbsp;J Revilla,&nbsp;K Rodberg,&nbsp;D R Gibb,&nbsp;S H Pepkowitz,&nbsp;E B Klapper","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-D in individuals with a weak D phenotype is an unexpected finding that may require additional investigation to determine whether the anti-D is an autoantibody or alloantibody. Further investigation may also include assessment of the patient's <i>RHD</i> genotype and exclusion of anti-G. We present a case of an 84-year-old man with the weak D type 2 genotype who developed an unexpected anti-D along with anti-C. Individuals with the weak D type 2 genotype are thought not to be at risk for developing alloanti-D, although the distinction between alloanti-D and autoanti-D may be difficult to ascertain. Furthermore, investigations may affect transfusion recommendations. This patient was restricted to crossmatch-compatible, D-C- red blood cells even though the clinical significance of the anti-D was uncertain. This report is one of a few reported cases of an individual with the weak D type 2 genotype with demonstrable anti-D but without evidence for alloanti-D.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical perspectives, immunohematologic insights, and transfusion management in IgA-associated autoimmune hemolytic anemia.","authors":"S S Das,&nbsp;S Mukherjee,&nbsp;A Chakrapani,&nbsp;D Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) due to warm-reacting IgA autoantibodies is rare. Here, we explored the clinical and immunohematologic characteristics of patients suffering from IgA-associated warm AIHA (WAIHA) and their transfusion management. The 9-year study included 214 patients with WAIHA who were further classified into two groups: (1) IgA-associated WAIHA and (2) non-IgA-associated WAIHA. Clinical and laboratory details were obtained from patient files and the Hospital Information System. All immunohematologic investigations were performed following standard operating procedures and established protocols. Among the 214 patients with WAIHA, 17 (7.9%) belonged to the IgA-associated group; of these, two IgA-only WAIHA cases were found. The mean hemoglobin in this group was 5.58 g/dL, and 15 (88.2%) of these patients received a total of 32 units of packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. <i>In vivo</i> hemolytic markers were significantly abnormal in the IgA-associated WAIHA group when compared with the non-IgA group. Secondary WAIHA was found in 11 (64.7%) patients with IgA-associated WAIHA. Patients with IgA-associated WAIHA received more blood transfusions than individuals in the non-IgA group (<i>p</i> = 0.0004). A total of 17 (7.9%) patients with WAIHA experienced adverse events to blood transfusion. Detailed characterization of WAIHA with particular emphasis on IgA-associated and non-IgA-associated WAIHA is essential to evaluate the disease characteristics, access the degree of hemolysis, understand the immunohematologic behaviors of the antibodies, and manage blood transfusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procuring rare (しい)* Japanese red blood cell units for a bleeding patient with anti-K11 requiring a life-saving procedure.","authors":"J V Rodriguez,&nbsp;C A Tormey","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alloimmunization to K11 is an extremely rare event. However, given the potential clinical significance of K11 alloantibodies, allocating antigen-negative red blood cell (RBC) units is a clinical necessity. In brief, we report a 39-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities including a right lower-extremity, below-the-knee amputation, who developed aggressive osteomyelitis associated with continuous bloody oozing, leading to anemia. To address these issues, the patient required extremity amputation. Surgery required addressing the concomitant critical anemia (hemoglobin <5 g/dL). However, with anti-K11 (in addition to anti-Jk^a) identified, no compatible units were immediately on hand and transfusing crossmatch-incompatible, antigen-positive units was deemed too high a risk. After a national search by the American Rare Donor Program (ARDP) was unsuccessful, the ARDP identified 2 irradiated, group O, K₀ (Kell_null), Jk(a-) RBC units in Japan that were predicted to be crossmatch-compatible with the patient's plasma. The units were successfully procured and infused, without evidence of adverse reactions, and the patient was able to safely undergo amputation to save her life. This case report reviews the complexities of anti-K11 detection and confirmation, as well as the processes by which K11- RBC units may be procured, which could help others in the global transfusion community should they be faced with similar challenging cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"96-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter prospective observational study on the use of type and screen method versus conventional type and crossmatch policy for pre-transfusion testing in the Indian population.","authors":"A Mathur,&nbsp;A Jindal,&nbsp;A K Tiwari,&nbsp;D Bhuyan,&nbsp;L Jagannathan,&nbsp;R B Sawant,&nbsp;S Basu,&nbsp;M Reddy,&nbsp;S S Datta","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite knowing the benefits of the type and screen (TS) method in pre-transfusion testing (PTT), most transfusion centers in developing countries continue to be reluctant to adopt a TS strategy over the conventional type and antihuman globulin (AHG) crossmatch (TX) policy in their routine laboratory practice because of the cost of obtaining antibody screening reagents. To generate strong evidence, this multicenter, observational study was conducted in which we collected data prospectively over a 1-year period from six major blood centers in India. The primary objective of this study was to identify the discordance between TS and TX results. A secondary objective was to identify the allo-antibody specificity in patients with positive antibody detection tests. All patients with orders for red blood cell transfusion who met patient selection criteria were subjected to parallel testing by column agglutination technology (CAT) for both the antibody detection test (screen) using a commercial three-cell panel and for the AHG crossmatch. A total of 21,842 patients were tested. In 148 patients with incompatible crossmatches, samples from six patients gave negative results with the antibody detection test, whereas the antibody detection test was positive in samples from 118 patients among the 21,694 crossmatch-compatible cases. The TS approach achieved a positive percent agreement of 95.95 and was found to be significantly effective in preventing the transfusion of serologically incompatible blood. The risk associated with abbreviating the AHG crossmatch was found to be 0.009 percent. Most of the identified clinically significant alloantibodies were directed to Rh antigens (D>E>c>C>e), followed by anti-K and anti-M. This study has generated sufficient robust data for the Indian population by including patients from all major geographical areas of the country and concluded a satisfactory agreement level as well as non-inferiority to the current PTT policy. Therefore, TS policy can be implemented in developing countries with no compromise on blood safety, provided sufficient technical and infrastructural support are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"100-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probable warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia proceeding the administration of the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Kingsley C Nnawuba,&nbsp;Benjamin M Boral,&nbsp;Robert W Donnell","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"106-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel <i>KEL</i> allele associated with loss of Kp^b identified in a white blood donor.","authors":"S Yearout,&nbsp;A Smith,&nbsp;J Keller,&nbsp;M A Keller","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of identifying variant alleles among blood donors is significant to the safety of transfusion for recipients. Molecular methods have become more prominent in the routine process of antigen typing donor units. Some variant antigens cannot be detected using only serologic methods. Molecular testing allows the determination of nucleotide sequences that are used to predict a phenotype. Antigens of the Kell blood group system are known for being highly immunogenic and causing adverse reactions upon antibody formation. A female white blood donor who typed Kp(b-) using serologic methods on multiple donations since 2005 was the subject of a typing discrepancy investigation. Routine genotyping using a commercial genotyping kit (HemoID DQS Panel; Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA) predicted the donor to type Kp(a+b+). Investigation of the discrepancy between these two results identified a rare single nucleotide variant in the <i>KEL</i> gene at nucleotide position c.948G>T that alters amino acid residue 316 from tryptophan (Trp) to cysteine (Cys). After discovery of the novel allele, adsorption and elution studies were performed to see if there was weakened Kp^b expression. The elution studies yielded negative results, which indicated that Kp^b is not expressed. The <i>KEL</i> transcripts expressed by the donor were determined using cDNA analysis, and the predicted amino acid sequence of the novel allele was modeled to investigate the impact of the amino acid sequence on the structure of the KEL polypeptide. Both SWISS-MODEL and Robetta software were used to evaluate the impact of the p.Trp316Cys on the three-dimensional protein structure. There was no conformational change noted with SWISS-MODEL, whereas the Robetta software showed a significant conformational change compared with the normal Kp(b+) reference sequence. Because the donor is homozygous for variants associated with k and Js^b expression, it was not possible to determine whether the novel allele is associated with loss of Kp^b only or loss of all Kell antigens.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40518595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and MNS antigens in the Hispanic donor population of South Texas.","authors":"T R Wafford,&nbsp;L P Walker","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2022-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2022-040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As population diversity in the United States expands, understanding antigen prevalence by ethnic group is essential. Differences in antigen prevalence among ethnicities have caused increased alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients. Recognizing these differences in patients and donors can reduce the risk of patients developing alloantibodies. Also, determining the antigen prevalence by ethnicity will improve the ability of blood centers to have compatible blood available. Thus far, there has not been significant published data on antigen prevalence of the U.S. Hispanic population. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of red blood cell (RBC) antigens, as determined by human erythrocyte antigen genotyping, in South Texas Hispanic blood donors. A total of 3455 donors, seen from 1 January 2015 to 31 May 2020, were included in the study. These donors met the inclusion criteria of self-selecting Hispanic ethnicity and successfully donating a RBC component. The antigen results for each included donor were entered into a data collection spreadsheet. The prevalence of each antigen was calculated. A binomial test was performed to determine if the observed results are statistically different as compared with the published prevalence of antigens in white and black populations. After statistical analysis, the p value for most antigens was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The Kidd blood group antigens were the only major antigens that did not show a significant difference. Cohen's h showed a large effect size for most antigens when compared with those of the black population and a small to medium effect size when compared with those of the white population. For most blood groups antigens, their prevalence in Hispanic donors was significantly different than that published for both white and black populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40518593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}