Immunohematology最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of anemia of unknown origin","authors":"L. Castilho, S. Nance, J. Hamilton","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most difficult concepts to explain when training immunohematology staff involves the investigation of hemolytic anemias. In the transfusion service and in the immunohematology reference laboratory setting, rapid and efficient investigation can be extremely important for patients with critical anemia requiring transfusion. The flow charts presented here provide possible patient scenarios and a logical sequence for initial and subsequent serologic testing for investigation. A clinical assessment of anemia of unknown origin or the finding of an unresolved positive antibody screen in pre-transfusion patient testing begins the investigational flow process. The testing sequence is predicated on the fact that performing a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on all patients has a low predictive value and should be reserved for patients with unexplained anemia. The process begins with assessing the results of DATs with anti-IgG and anti-C3. Subsequent charts A, B, and C aid in investigating these results. Flow Chart A is for the investigation of warm or cold autoantibody, Chart B is for the investigation of cold-agglutinin or drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, and Chart C is for the investigation of autoantibody in the transfused patient. While the most common approaches to the initial and subsequent test results are in these flow charts, the charts are not inclusive of all possible diagnoses or presentations. These flow charts are meant to be a guide to assist the laboratory in developing a standard approach to efficient investigation and resolution in patients with unexplained anemia.","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47454834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series highlighting a common approach to identifying anti-Jk3.","authors":"D J A M Talabong,&nbsp;W E Kelley","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Kidd-null phenotype, Jk(a-b-), is rare, and a patient with this phenotype may develop anti-Jk3, a red blood cell (RBC) antibody reactive with a domain common to both Jk^a and Jk^b. Like other antibodies to high-prevalence antigens, the presence of this antibody poses challenges in the immunohematologic evaluation of these patients. Thoughtful laboratory testing is necessary to resolve the antibody specificity and to reveal other underlying antibodies. Moreover, the rarity of the Kidd-null phenotype makes finding blood donors difficult for those who need transfusion and have developed anti-Jk3. This review describes methods used in identifying anti-Jk3 in four pregnant patients. Blood bank records were retrospectively reviewed to illustrate the common approach in anti-Jk3 identification. In all cases, pertinent blood bank history was gathered, and extended RBC phenotyping was performed, followed by adsorption studies and testing of selected RBCs. Underlying antibodies were found in two of the cases. This review also reiterates some common challenges encountered with Kidd antibody analysis and highlights the importance of patient ethnic ancestry and obtaining accurate patient transfusion history.</p><p><p>The Kidd-null phenotype, Jk(a–b–), is rare, and a patient with this phenotype may develop anti-Jk3, a red blood cell (RBC) antibody reactive with a domain common to both Jk^a and Jk^b. Like other antibodies to high-prevalence antigens, the presence of this antibody poses challenges in the immunohematologic evaluation of these patients. Thoughtful laboratory testing is necessary to resolve the antibody specificity and to reveal other underlying antibodies. Moreover, the rarity of the Kidd-null phenotype makes finding blood donors difficult for those who need transfusion and have developed anti-Jk3. This review describes methods used in identifying anti-Jk3 in four pregnant patients. Blood bank records were retrospectively reviewed to illustrate the common approach in anti-Jk3 identification. In all cases, pertinent blood bank history was gathered, and extended RBC phenotyping was performed, followed by adsorption studies and testing of selected RBCs. Underlying antibodies were found in two of the cases. This review also reiterates some common challenges encountered with Kidd antibody analysis and highlights the importance of patient ethnic ancestry and obtaining accurate patient transfusion history.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"84-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal testing leading to the identification of B_h (para-Bombay) phenotype in the mother: case report with review of the literature.","authors":"G Mohan,&nbsp;A Vaidya,&nbsp;S Shastry","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Para-Bombay is a rare phenotype with a homozygous nonfunctional <i>FUT1</i> gene and a normal <i>FUT2</i> gene leading to H-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) with or without ABH substances, depending on inheritance of the <i>ABO</i> gene. This case is about a 5-day-old male baby suffering from sepsis who required a 45-mL packed RBC transfusion. The baby's sample tested as A₁B, D+ and mother's sample tested as group O, D+ with group 4 discrepancy due to ABO isoagglutinins. Further workup of the mother's sample with anti-H lectin was negative, which suggested the mother to be group O_h, D+. Antibody screening was panreactive with negative autocontrol, suggestive of anti-H. The titer of immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-H was 64, IgG titer using dithiothreitol was 8, and anti-IH was absent. A negative adsorption and elution test suggested that RBCs were devoid of A and B antigens. The father's sample tested clearly as group A₁, D+; hence, the <i>cis-</i>AB blood group was ruled out in the baby. The secretor study of the mother's saliva revealed the presence of B and H substances that neutralized polyclonal B and H antisera. Therefore, we concluded that the mother was of the para-Bombay (B_h) phenotype. This case highlights the importance of reverse grouping and resolving blood grouping discrepancies between mother and child-in this case because of an incongruous ABO blood type of the baby and the mother who was previously tested as group O, D+.</p><p><p>Para-Bombay is a rare phenotype with a homozygous nonfunctional <i>FUT1</i> gene and a normal <i>FUT2</i> gene leading to H-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) with or without ABH substances, depending on inheritance of the <i>ABO</i> gene. This case is about a 5-day-old male baby suffering from sepsis who required a 45-mL packed RBC transfusion. The baby’s sample tested as A₁B, D+ and mother’s sample tested as group O, D+ with group 4 discrepancy due to ABO isoagglutinins. Further workup of the mother’s sample with anti-H lectin was negative, which suggested the mother to be group O_h, D+. Antibody screening was panreactive with negative autocontrol, suggestive of anti-H. The titer of immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-H was 64, IgG titer using dithiothreitol was 8, and anti-IH was absent. A negative adsorption and elution test suggested that RBCs were devoid of A and B antigens. The father’s sample tested clearly as group A₁, D+; hence, the <i>cis-</i>AB blood group was ruled out in the baby. The secretor study of the mother’s saliva revealed the presence of B and H substances that neutralized polyclonal B and H antisera. Therefore, we concluded that the mother was of the para-Bombay (B_h) phenotype. This case highlights the importance of reverse grouping and resolving blood grouping discrepancies between mother and child―in this case because of an incongruous ABO blood type of the baby and the mother who was previously tested as ","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cryopreservation on a rare McLeod donor red blood cell concentrate.","authors":"T R Turner,&nbsp;G Clarke,&nbsp;G A Denomme,&nbsp;R Skeate,&nbsp;J P Acker","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Units of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates with rare phenotypes are typically not included in method validation studies for cryopreservation processes; rather, they are reserved for patients with rare blood needs. Some rare RBC phenotypes may demonstrate membrane abnormalities, like acanthocytosis as observed for RBCs with the McLeod phenotype, and are specifically banked for these rare attributes; however, the impact that rare RBC phenotypes have on post-thaw quality has not been well studied. To evaluate how a rare RBC phenotype is affected by the cryopreservation process, 4 RBC units, cryopreserved in 1993 using manual methods, were selected for evaluation. These RBCs included one with the McLeod phenotype and three with phenotypes not known to cause significant membrane changes. Post-thaw, an altered deglycerolization protocol, implemented to reduce supernatant glycerol after cryopreservation, was used before processing RBCs on an automated closed system (ACP 215; Haemonetics, Boston, MA) to accommodate the use of a closed system cell processor not available when the RBC units were previously cryopreserved. RBC quality was tested at 24 hours, 7 days, and 14 days post-deglycerolization. Before deglycerolization, an extracted sample from the thawed glycerolized RBC unit was used to obtain genetic material for phenotype confirmation. Genotyping confirmed the McLeod phenotype. When comparing McLeod with non-McLeod units, RBCs from the McLeod donor exhibited acanthocytosis, higher rigidity, and lower morphology scores than RBCs from the non-McLeod units post-deglycerolization. Hemolysis, however, was comparable across all 4 units, meeting regulatory standards. Therefore, McLeod RBCs can withstand cryopreservation, suggesting that units from these donors, glycerolized using older methods, can be deglycerolized using the ACP 215 and stored hypothermically for 14 days. It was also determined that genotyping can be performed on non-leukocyte-reduced cryopreserved RBCs, allowing for confirmation of genetic profiles of donor units banked before the implementation of molecular methods.</p><p><p>Units of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates with rare phenotypes are typically not included in method validation studies for cryopreservation processes; rather, they are reserved for patients with rare blood needs. Some rare RBC phenotypes may demonstrate membrane abnormalities, like acanthocytosis as observed for RBCs with the McLeod phenotype, and are specifically banked for these rare attributes; however, the impact that rare RBC phenotypes have on post-thaw quality has not been well studied. To evaluate how a rare RBC phenotype is affected by the cryopreservation process, 4 RBC units, cryopreserved in 1993 using manual methods, were selected for evaluation. These RBCs included one with the McLeod phenotype and three with phenotypes not known to cause significant membrane changes. Post-thaw, an altered deglycerolization protocol, implemented to reduce supe","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe perinatal hemolytic disease due to anti-e.","authors":"G Soler-Noda,&nbsp;Y Romero-Díaz,&nbsp;L Orbeal-Aldama,&nbsp;S Aquino-Rojas","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal antibody-mediated fetal red blood cell destruction secondary to non-D Rh system antibodies is a significant cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Here, we report a rare case of severe perinatal hemolytic disease associated with maternal antibody to the e antigen. In addition to severe anemia, the infant developed hyperbilirubinemia. Resolution of the infant's anemia and hyperbilirubinemia occurred after treatment with phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and transfusion.</p><p><p>Maternal antibody-mediated fetal red blood cell destruction secondary to non-D Rh system antibodies is a significant cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Here, we report a rare case of severe perinatal hemolytic disease associated with maternal antibody to the e antigen. In addition to severe anemia, the infant developed hyperbilirubinemia. Resolution of the infant’s anemia and hyperbilirubinemia occurred after treatment with phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and transfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interesting case of alloanti-M exhibiting typical dosage phenomenon.","authors":"Sheetal Malhotra,&nbsp;Ashish Jain,&nbsp;Sirat Kaur,&nbsp;Alakananda Walia,&nbsp;Lakhvinder Singh,&nbsp;Ratti Ram Sharma","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":"37 2","pages":"95-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10600790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B subgroup detection in a small hospital transfusion service.","authors":"E Elardo,&nbsp;N Elbadri,&nbsp;C Sanchez,&nbsp;V Powell,&nbsp;M Smaris,&nbsp;Y Li,&nbsp;J Jacobson,&nbsp;T Hilbert,&nbsp;T Hamilton,&nbsp;D W Wu","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ABO blood group system includes phenotypes, or subgroups, that differ in the amount of A and B antigens present on the red blood cells (RBCs). These subgroups also differ in the A, B, or H substances present in secretions (for individuals who have the secretor phenotype). B subgroups are very rare and are less frequently reported than A subgroups. Usually, B subgroups are discovered during serologic testing when there is a discrepancy between RBC and serum grouping results. Subgroups of B are usually identified by a reference laboratory using molecular and adsorption-elution methods. This report details a case of a young, healthy, pregnant woman with a B subgroup detected by a small transfusion service using adsorption-elution methods. Serology and genotyping of the <i>ABO</i> gene was performed at a reference laboratory where the serology was consistent with a B subgroup, but no changes were identified in <i>ABO</i> gene sequencing. It is important to correctly identify B subgroups in donors and recipients to help resolve ABO discrepancies and potentially prevent ABO incompatibility in blood transfusion, thus minimizing transfusion reactions.</p><p><p>The ABO blood group system includes phenotypes, or subgroups, that differ in the amount of A and B antigens present on the red blood cells (RBCs). These subgroups also differ in the A, B, or H substances present in secretions (for individuals who have the secretor phenotype). B subgroups are very rare and are less frequently reported than A subgroups. Usually, B subgroups are discovered during serologic testing when there is a discrepancy between RBC and serum grouping results. Subgroups of B are usually identified by a reference laboratory using molecular and adsorption-elution methods. This report details a case of a young, healthy, pregnant woman with a B subgroup detected by a small transfusion service using adsorption-elution methods. Serology and genotyping of the <i>ABO</i> gene was performed at a reference laboratory where the serology was consistent with a B subgroup, but no changes were identified in <i>ABO</i> gene sequencing. It is important to correctly identify B subgroups in donors and recipients to help resolve ABO discrepancies and potentially prevent ABO incompatibility in blood transfusion, thus minimizing transfusion reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-A₁Le^b: a mind boggler.","authors":"A Gupta,&nbsp;K Chaudhary,&nbsp;S Asati,&nbsp;B Kakkar","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Lewis blood group system is unique because antigens are neither alleles of the same gene nor are they synthesized by red blood cells (RBCs); rather, they are adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids. Antibodies against Lewis antigens are predominantly naturally occurring immunoglobulin (Ig)M type that sometimes react at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase. Lewis compound antigens, ALe^b and BLe^b, have been described that were confirmed because of the presence of antibodies against them. These compound antigens are the result of an interaction between <i>ABO, H, SE</i>, and <i>LE</i> genes.</p><p><p>The Lewis blood group system is unique because antigens are neither alleles of the same gene nor are they synthesized by red blood cells (RBCs); rather, they are adsorbed onto the RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids. Antibodies against Lewis antigens are predominantly naturally occurring immunoglobulin (Ig)M type that sometimes react at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase. Lewis compound antigens, ALe^b and BLe^b, have been described that were confirmed because of the presence of antibodies against them. These compound antigens are the result of an interaction between <i>ABO, H, SE</i>, and <i>LE</i> genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical model for prediction of ABO hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in India.","authors":"D S Patale,&nbsp;T L Lokhande,&nbsp;R K Chaudhary","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ABO incompatibility is the most common cause of immune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). The American Academy of Pediatrics lists blood group incompatibility as one of the major risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. We have estimated the risk of ABO HDFN to determine the need for its routine screening. Blood group data from all blood donors who donated in the last 10 years were collected and analyzed. The population prevalence of ABO blood group genes using the phenotype data of blood donors was estimated. This information was further used to calculate an incidence of ABO HDFN requiring intervention in the population. ABO blood group typing was analyzed in 425,743 blood donors. The ABO phenotypes of A, B, O, and AB were 22.48, 36.73, 31.59, and 9.2 percent, respectively. The gene frequencies were 0.1733, 0.2647, and 0.5620 for <i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, and <i>O</i>, respectively. It was estimated that 13.84 percent of group O women would give birth to a non-group O baby and that approximately 2.77 percent of deliveries would likely have ABO HDFN in the study population. In India, the estimated risk of ABO HDFN is 2.9 percent, with a daily 2196 babies at risk of ABO HDFN requiring intervention. This analysis estimates the overall burden of ABO HDFN in the population, which could aid in the decision-making of policymakers, physicians, and community health practitioners to improve neonatal care.</p><p><p>ABO incompatibility is the most common cause of immune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). The American Academy of Pediatrics lists blood group incompatibility as one of the major risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. We have estimated the risk of ABO HDFN to determine the need for its routine screening. Blood group data from all blood donors who donated in the last 10 years were collected and analyzed. The population prevalence of ABO blood group genes using the phenotype data of blood donors was estimated. This information was further used to calculate an incidence of ABO HDFN requiring intervention in the population. ABO blood group typing was analyzed in 425,743 blood donors. The ABO phenotypes of A, B, O, and AB were 22.48, 36.73, 31.59, and 9.2 percent, respectively. The gene frequencies were 0.1733, 0.2647, and 0.5620 for <i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, and <i>O</i>, respectively. It was estimated that 13.84 percent of group O women would give birth to a non–group O baby and that approximately 2.77 percent of deliveries would likely have ABO HDFN in the study population. In India, the estimated risk of ABO HDFN is 2.9 percent, with a daily 2196 babies at risk of ABO HDFN requiring intervention. This analysis estimates the overall burden of ABO HDFN in the population, which could aid in the decision-making of policymakers, physicians, and community health practitioners to improve neonatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"64-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39106738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ok blood group system: an update.","authors":"J R Storry","doi":"10.21307/immunohematology-2021-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2021-004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This update of the Ok (OK) blood group system (Smart EA, Storry JR. The OK blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:124-6) focuses on new information on the role of basigin (BSG), the carrier molecule of the Ok blood group antigens. No further antigens have been identified since the original review. However, the role of BSG in malaria continues to be explored. <b><i>Immunohematology 2021;37:18-19.</i></b></p><p><p>This update of the Ok (OK) blood group system (Smart EA, Storry JR. The OK blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:124–6) focuses on new information on the role of basigin (BSG), the carrier molecule of the Ok blood group antigens. No further antigens have been identified since the original review. However, the role of BSG in malaria continues to be explored. <b><i>Immunohematology 2021;37:18–19.</i></b></p>","PeriodicalId":13357,"journal":{"name":"Immunohematology","volume":" ","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38960601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}