Indian Journal of Orthopaedics最新文献

{"title":"Females with Knee Osteoarthritis have Greater Pain and Reduced Physical Function but Similar Radiological Grading at Presentation: A Cross-sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Rajesh Ratan, Manojit Basak, Dharm Pal, Manish Dwivedi, Rehan Ul Haq","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01365-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01365-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to assess the gender differences in clinical severity, physical function, and radiographic parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis at presentation to a tertiary care center.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional observational study on patients with knee osteoarthritis aged more than 50 years who presented to a tertiary care center. Clinical assessment was done by modified WOMAC score. Physical function assessment was done by five performance-based tests: a thirty-second chair stand test, 40 m (4 × 10 m) fast-paced walk test, stair climb test, timed up-and-go test, and six-minute walk test. Radiographic assessment was done by plain radiographs using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading and measuring the femorotibial angle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 111 patients (50 males and 61 females) were included. Females had significantly more pain and stiffness than males as assessed by modified WOMAC score at the time of presentation (pain: males 5.28 ± 3.0, females 7.45 ± 3.93, <i>p</i>-value 0.002) (stiffness: males 1.16 ± .81, females 1.63 ± .94, <i>p</i>-value 0.006). There was a statistically significant difference in all five performance-based physical function tests between the male and female patients (<i>p</i>-value < .05) with females showing poorer scores at the time of presentation. There was no statistically significant difference in the KL grading between males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights significant gender differences in the clinical presentation of knee OA, with females experiencing greater pain, stiffness, and reduced physical functions but similar radiological grading at presentation. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive clinical assessment that must include both radiographic and physical function evaluation to ensure optimal management and improved outcomes for patients with knee OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 4","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological and Functional Outcomes of Joshi External Stabilization System (JESS) in Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Retrospective Review.","authors":"Siddhartha Sinha, Sandeep Kumar, Arvind Kumar, Neel Aggarwal, Saket Bandil, Owais A Qureshi, Javed Jameel","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01374-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01374-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There has been an increased interest in the external and percutaneous fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Numerous advantages of external fixation like less blood loss, ease of application, and rigid fixation provide a promising new avenue for the management of humeral fractures. This retrospective case series aims to assess the radiological and functional outcome of proximal humerus fractures treated with the Joshi External Stabilization system (JESS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective review of records was performed using hospital records from January 2020 to January 2024. The records of patients more than 18 years of age with proximal humerus fractures who were operated with the JESS fixator were reviewed and a proforma based on each follow-up was filled by the investigators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 28 patients met the inclusion criteria with an average age of 65.17 ± 13.1 years. Neers type 3 injuries were most common (38.3%, <i>n</i> = 11). All fractures united on 6-week follow-up. 75% (<i>n</i> = 21) reported good 25% (<i>n</i> = 7) excellent Constant scores at 24 weeks. The overall complication rate was 28.6%. Common complications were superficial pin tract infections and fixator loosening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The JESS is an acceptable treatment option for orthopaedic surgeons for the fixation of proximal humeral fractures, especially in geriatric patients. Like other external fixation devices, pin tract infection and pin loosening are inherent to the system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"611-619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Post-traumatic Infected Non-union of the Humerus Managed by Hybrid Ring Fixators.","authors":"Rajesh Rohilla, Jyotirmay Das, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Tushar Lalchandani, Sarita Dhankhar, Abha Singh, Jyoti Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01376-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01376-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study evaluated the functional and clinico-radiological outcomes of management of septic non-union of the humeral fractures managed with hybrid ring fixator. Patients and methods: A total of 18 patients with post-traumatic infected non-union of humerus were included. The mean age was 30.8 years and mean duration of presentation after injury was 19.1 weeks. Mean follow-up duration was 28.11 months and mean time of fixator removal was 25.28 weeks. Bone and functional results were evaluated using the modified Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria, and disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores. Results: Bone union was achieved primarily in 16 (88.8%) patients. According to modified ASAMI criteria, the bone results were excellent, good, fair, and poor in 9 (50%), 7 (38.9%), 0 and 2 (11.1%) patients, respectively, whilst functional results were excellent, good, fair, and poor in 11 (61.1%), 5 (27.8%), 0 and 2 (11.1%) patients, respectively. The mean DASH score was 15.27 (5.8-50) at the final follow-up. The mean limb length shortening was 2.67 cm (2-5 cm), whereas malunion of more than 15 ℃ angulation was observed in three patients. Conclusions: Hybrid ring fixator is very effective in management of post-traumatic infected non-union of the humerus. Good-to-excellent bone and functional results can be achieved in majority of patients. Elbow stiffness and superficial pin tract infections are common problems encountered by patients.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>IV, A Retrospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"602-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiligament Knee Injuries: Updates of the Debates.","authors":"Elsayed Morsi, Adel Adawy, Mohamed Rabie, Ahmed Abdelrazek, Mohamed Elashab, Aya Morsi","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01375-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01375-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiligament knee injuries (MLKI) constitute a complex and challenging problem. They can have life-modifying consequences, such as the development of osteoarthritis, and an inability to return to work or sport. At present, there is insufficient high-level evidence or expert consensus to support one management strategy over another.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this article is to review the updates of the debates about multiligament knee injuries, diagnosis, treatment options, and rehabilitation protocols. This article also aimed to elucidate expert opinions on controversial issues in MLKI from scholars from Egypt and the Arab world.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Comprehensive review; Level of evidence, 5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases were searched between inception and February 2024. The terms: 'multi-ligament' OR 'multiligament' OR 'multi ligament' OR multiple ligaments' AND 'knee' were used to extract relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1009 eligible studies were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 251 articles; of which there were 24 systematic reviews and 227 clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relative rarity of MLKI makes it difficult to perform good-powered prospective randomized studies evaluating these injuries. The debates are expected due to the diversity of presentations of MLKI with regard to types of injured ligaments, site of injury within the ligament, time of presentation, and the different management methods. Thorough knowledge and experience are mandatory to tailor a diagnostic workup and management plan for each case.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 4","pages":"488-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Base of Fifth Metatarsal Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Plate Fixation.","authors":"Keenan Horani, Christopher J Thang, Sean O'Leary, Ariadna Robledo, Cory F Janney, John C Hagedorn, Daniel C Jupiter, Vinod K Panchbhavi, Jie Chen","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01383-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01383-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Base of fifth metatarsal fractures are treated according to fracture zones. Proximal tuberosity avulsions (zone 1) are typically treated conservatively, while proximal metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures (zone 2) or proximal diaphyseal fractures (zone 3) are usually treated with intramedullary screw fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of plate fixation of base of fifth metatarsal fractures by zones to estimate mean time to union, mean time to return to daily activities, mean 1-year American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complication rate. Outcomes were pooled to determine aggregate outcomes if standard errors were included and there were at least 2 studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies examined zone 1 and 2 fractures treated with plate fixation. Zone 1 fractures had a mean of 6.88 weeks union time, 11.34 weeks to return to daily activities, 1-year AOFAS score of 94.91, and 5.97% complications. Zone 2 fractures had a mean of 7.0 weeks union time and 20.45% complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zone 1 and 2 plate fixation demonstrated union rates comparable to those for traditional fifth metatarsal base fracture management.</p><p><strong>Level of clinical evidence: </strong>Level 3, Prognostic.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-025-01383-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"569-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brodie's Abscess: Case Report of an Unusual Presentation of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.","authors":"James C George, Brijesh Valsalan, Varsha Ingale, Ranjan Kumar Nag, Ranjana Jayan","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01381-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01381-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brodie's abscess is a subacute osteomyelitis where there are no systemic signs and symptoms. Pain and swelling are the most common symptoms with which patients come to the clinic. <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> is a sexually transmitted organism with genital and extra-genital manifestations. We report here the first case of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> causing Brodie's abscess, its clinical manifestation and treatment. A 26-year-old man presented with a 14-week history of slow progressive pain and swelling in the index finger of the right hand. Clinico-radiologically he was suspected to have a subacute osteomyelitis like Brodie's abscess of the middle phalanx. He underwent curettage, microbiological, immunological, and histopathological evaluation of the lesion. <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> was isolated, and he was treated with susceptible antibiotics. <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> has various clinical presentations reported in the literature. Our study demonstrates a new presentation of the pathogen as Brodie's abscess or subacute osteomyelitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"702-705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"Does early and late weight bearing have an effect in the results of elderly tibial plateau fractures with internal fixation? A Multicenter (TRON Group) Study\".","authors":"Udit Kumar Jayant, Devendra Kumar Chouhan, Mandeep Singh Dhillon","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01382-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01382-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"706-707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroscopic Evaluation of Cyclops Lesions and Clinical Outcomes Following Remnant-Preserved ACL Reconstruction: A Comparative Study of Two Truncated Remnant Preservation Techniques.","authors":"Sun-Ho Lee, Keun-Churl Chun, Jong-Seok Baik, Kwang-Il Koh, Sung-Hoon Kim, Churl Hong Chun","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01378-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01378-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to compare the prevalence of cyclops lesions and the clinical outcomes between two types of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a truncated remnant technique: tie with allograft ACL reconstruction and re-tensioning of remnant ACL with allograft ACL reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 58 cases of ACL reconstruction using a truncated remnant preservation technique performed by a single surgeon from March 2019 to December 2022. Second-look arthroscopy was performed in each group, and pathologic evaluation was performed focusing on cyclops lesions. The cases were divided into two groups according to the type of remnant technique: tie with allograft ACL reconstruction group (<i>n</i> = 16) and re-tensioning of remnant ACL with allograft ACL reconstruction group (<i>n</i> = 42). We evaluated the prevalence of cyclops lesions and the clinical outcomes in the two groups using follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and second-look arthroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No difference in patient characteristics was observed between the two groups. The clinical outcomes showed no significant differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Re-tensioning of remnant ACL with allograft significantly reduces cyclops lesion occurrence compared to the tie technique, while maintaining comparable clinical outcomes. This technique is particularly beneficial in cases with sufficient remnant tissue and minimizes complications associated with cyclops lesions, such as extension loss and the need for secondary surgical interventions. Therefore, we recommend re-tensioning of remnant ACL with allograft ACL reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"681-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Under WALANT Technique Through a Mini-Open Approach: Surgical Technique and Case Series with Short-Term Follow-up.","authors":"Ignacio Rellán, Agustín Guillermo Donndorff, Gerardo Luis Gallucci, Pedro Bronenberg Victorica, Fernando Holc, Mariano Abrego, Jorge Guillermo Boretto","doi":"10.1007/s43465-025-01362-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-025-01362-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) has expanded its applications over the past decade from common hand procedures to a broader range of more complex surgeries. However, despite its frequent use, there is limited literature on WALANT for cubital tunnel syndrome. We have adapted the endoscopic technique reported by other colleagues to a mini-open approach. This approach is characterized by a smaller incision while preserving its blood supply. Our objective is to describe this two-stage local anesthetic injection method that has enabled us to safely and successfully treat 16 patients without complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Sixteen patients meeting specific inclusion criteria underwent ulnar nerve decompression under WALANT. Patients were preoperatively classified according to Dellon's classification. Surgical technique included a staged local anesthetic solution infiltration and careful dissection to preserve nerve stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative classification revealed six mild, six moderate, and four severe cases. Intraoperative discomfort was reported by four patients before incorporating a second stage of distal local anesthetic infiltration. All patients exhibited stable intraoperative ulnar nerve positioning and were discharged independently 20 min post-surgery. Follow-up at an average of 12 weeks (range 10 -18 weeks) showed symptom resolution in all patients. No complications, including iatrogenic injury to medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches, were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the WALANT technique for ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow. Incorporating a staged local anesthetic infiltration enhances patient comfort.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-025-01362-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 5","pages":"659-666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graft Options for the Reconstruction of Multi-ligament Knee Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Joshi Amit, Regmi Subhash, Poudel Pranodan, Basukala Bibek","doi":"10.1007/s43465-024-01318-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-024-01318-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The literature lacks enough synthesis on which autograft option is suitable for a particular ligament reconstruction during multi-ligament reconstruction. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of existing literature to determine graft options available for the reconstruction of various ligaments in the context of multi-ligament knee injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following the preferred research items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. It was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024498917). Studies that met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 8070 identified citations, 16 studies with a total of 640 patients(645 knees), including 420(65.6%) males and 220(34.4%) females, with a mean age of 35.1 years were included. Among 16 papers included in this review, combining autografts, allografts, or synthetic grafts was the preferred choice in seven studies. Autografts were chosen in five research studies, while allografts were preferred in four. For Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction: Eleven studies used only autografts, two used only allografts, and 1 study used both autografts and allografts. For Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) reconstruction, nine studies used allografts, six used autografts, and 1 study used synthetic graft. For Posterior Lateral Corner (PLC) reconstruction, six studies used allografts, five used autografts, and 1 study used synthetic graft. For posterior medial corner (PMC) reconstruction, eight studies used autografts, five used allografts, and only one used synthetic grafts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combination of autografts, allografts, or synthetic grafts was the preferred graft option for multi-ligament knee reconstruction. Autografts are the most preferred option for ACL and PMC reconstruction, whereas allografts are the most preferred option for PCL and PLC reconstruction. The most preferred autograft was the Hamstring Tendon (HT) autograft. Similarly, the tendoachillies (TA) was the most used allograft. However, the strength of the evidence in this review is moderate to low.</p>","PeriodicalId":13338,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Orthopaedics","volume":"59 4","pages":"453-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}