Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Bromodomain inhibitors in autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Marcin Szczepanik, Wojciech Pociej, Joanna Kulpa, Jakub Senko, Oliwia Jerzyńska, Andrzej Pawlik","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728534","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases are very common worldwide. The immune system becomes dysregulated in a pro-inflammatory direction. Bromodomains play a crucial role in the regulation of many inflammatory pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and interleukins. Bromodomain inhibitors could allow for better autoimmune disease control and reduction of symptom severity than currently available treatment due to their direct integration into the epigenetic mechanism. This review focuses on drugs currently being tested and how their mechanisms of action are beneficial in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this review is show Bromodomain inhibitors as a new possible treatment strategy for a variety of autoimmune diseases. The study was conducted by selecting articles from the PubMed database published between 2011 and 2026; for some studies describing the basic pathophysiology of the diseases, this period was extended to 2002.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> CAR-T for solid tumors: facing all the challenges of <i>ex vivo</i> CAR-T and more.","authors":"Yulong Xia, Jintian Song, Jiong Wu","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728543","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of <i>in vivo</i> CAR-T technologies has generated considerable excitement as a means of simplifying cellular immunotherapy. However, whether current <i>in vivo</i> CAR-T platforms are truly positioned to succeed in solid tumors remains unclear. We argue that the major limitations of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors arise from a complex interplay between biological barriers and engineering constraints. Although <i>in vivo</i> CAR-T platforms may simplify manufacturing, the delivery strategy itself directly influences which T-cell populations are engineered, the level and duration of CAR expression, cellular phenotype, persistence, and safety. Therefore, <i>in vivo</i> CAR-T therapies do not eliminate the biological barriers that restrict <i>ex vivo</i> CAR-T therapy, including poor trafficking, stromal exclusion, antigen heterogeneity, T-cell dysfunction, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, <i>in vivo</i> CAR-T therapies inherit nearly all of the challenges that have restricted <i>ex vivo</i> CAR-T therapy while simultaneously introducing additional limitations related to CAR-T generation, persistence, and controllability. The encouraging results observed in hematologic malignancies and autoimmune diseases may therefore not predict success in solid tumors. Future advances will likely depend less on improving gene delivery and more on establishing mechanisms that support CAR-T infiltration, expansion, and persistence within tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"947-953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose interleukin-2 combined with thalidomide for a severe cutaneous immune-related adverse event associated with PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody therapy: a case report.","authors":"Zhiqiang Li, Yufei Li, Yuhan Zhang, Qiuxia Ye, Jing He, Mingwei Li","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722556","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including novel bispecific antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), have expanded therapeutic options but have also increased the incidence and complexity of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Low-dose interleukin-2 (Ld-IL2) has been explored as a potential immunomodulatory strategy. However, its role in real-world combination regimens for managing severe cutaneous irAEs remains to be fully elucidated. We report the case of a patient with gastric cancer who developed rapidly progressive erythema and pruritus after treatment with iparomlimab and tuvonralimab. Symptoms worsened despite corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and antihistamines. After Ld-IL2 and thalidomide were added while corticosteroid treatment was continued, clinical improvement was observed within 48 hours, with complete resolution of the skin lesions at 2 weeks. Because Ld-IL2, thalidomide, and corticosteroids were administered concurrently, the independent contribution of each treatment and the underlying immunological mechanism could not be determined. However, further studies are warranted to clarify the potential value of this combined regimen in the management of such adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"939-945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors in avelumab maintenance therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.","authors":"Caner Kapar, Oğuzcan Özkan, Eda Eylemer Mocan, Sendag Yaslikaya, Ali Murat Tatlı, Goncagül Akdağ, Hacer Demir, Irem Bilgetekin, Kaan Helvacı, Fatih Selcukbiricik, Fatih Köse, Murat Sari, Gökmen Umut Erdem, Zehra Sucuoğlu İşleyen, Cagatay Arslan, Sinemis Celik, Türkkan Evrensel, Bekir Mert Durukan, Seher Nazli Kazaz, Banu Ozturk, Halil Çelik, Miraç Özen, Pınar Erel, Pervin Can Şancı, Yakup Ergün, Hakan Taban, Ömer Faruk Kuzu, Burcu Ulaş Kahya, Ahmet Melih Arslan, Abdullah Sakin, Murat Araz, Kerem Okutur, Fahri Akgül, Cem Mirili, Alper Sevinç, Fatih Atalah, Yakup Düzköprü, Burcu Gülbağcı, Nurten Kandemir, Hakan Kosku, Esra Aydın, Dilek Erdem, Murad Guliyev, Mesut Yılmaz, Yaşar Çulha, Berksoy Şahin, Pınar Gürsoy, Mustafa Erman, Yüksel Ürün, Deniz Tural","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722548","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study, we evaluated pretreatment prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who received maintenance avelumab within the Expanded-Access Program.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 132 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who received at least one cycle of avelumab. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed to identify pretreatment prognostic factors associated with OS (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and significant variables were included in a multivariate Cox model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age was 67 years (range, 43-84) and the bladder was the primary tumor site in 78% of patients. Visceral metastases were present in 62.5% of patients, and 32% had lymph node-only disease. ECOG ≥ 1 was observed in 59.1%, and 57% received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 24 months, the median OS was 23.8 months, and the 24-month OS rate was 47% (95% CI, 35%-55%).In univariate analysis, liver metastases, bone metastases, and hemoglobin < 10 g/dL were significantly associated with OS. In multivariate analysis, bone metastases (HR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-5; <i>p</i> = 0.008) and hemoglobin < 10 g/dL (HR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-4.1; <i>p</i> = 0.004) remained independent predictors of worse OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bone metastases and low hemoglobin are independent predictors of poor survival in patients receiving maintenance avelumab, supporting their role in risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"909-915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From receptor biology to therapy: importance of different EGFR mutations in the development of targeted cancer therapies.","authors":"U Krishnaja, Neethu J, Maitheli Sarkar, Krishnakumar N Menon, Bhargab Kalita","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728525","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and traditional therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often constrained by systemic toxicity and lack of specificity. Thus, targeted therapies are the need of the hour to revolutionize cancer treatment by enhancing specificity and selectivity, and minimizing off-target effects. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its deletion mutant EGFRvIII exhibit pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, making them attractive targets across multiple cancers. Various targeted therapies, including small-molecule inhibitors, therapeutic antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and immunotherapies, are developed to target EGFR, EGFRvIII, and other clinically relevant EGFR mutations, namely L858R, C797S, and T790M. U.S. FDA has approved many of these agents as monotherapies or in conjunction with chemotherapy for treating lung, head and neck, and colorectal cancers; however, there are challenges. In this review, we discuss the role of EGFRvIII in driving aggressive tumor growth and highlight how effective targeting of EGFRvIII, and overcoming resistance mutations will be crucial to improve EGFR- and EGFRvIII-based therapies. The ongoing evolution of these interventions holds promise for long-term responses, reduced toxicity, and enhanced patient survival. Literature related to EGFR- and EGFRvIII-based therapies was searched systematically in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to June 2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"981-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148967978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of PARP inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in PD-L1-negative cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Susu Zhou, Vishw Patel, Noriko Kishi, Komal Akhtar, Che-Kai Tsao","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722581","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) can enhance antitumor immunity and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) through PD-L1 upregulation and STING pathway activation. However, the benefit of this combination in PD-L1-negative patients remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 clinical trials including 1,849 patients, of whom 718 were PD-L1-negative. Pooled objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and 12-month progression-free survival (12-m PFS) were estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted by BRCA mutation, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and cancer type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD-L1-negative patients had a lower ORR than PD-L1-positive patients (21% vs. 36%; <i>p</i> = 0.046). However, BRCA-mutated tumors demonstrated high ORRs irrespective of PD-L1 status (67% vs. 73%; <i>p</i> = 0.643), with a similar trend in HRD-positive tumors. The impact of PD-L1 varied by tumor type: reduced activity was observed in breast cancer, whereas ovarian cancer maintained meaningful responses regardless of PD-L1 expression. Responses were limited in other tumor types. DCR and 12-m PFS were numerically lower in PD-L1-negative patients without statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HRD/BRCA-driven genomic instability appears to play a dominant role in treatment response, suggesting that PD-L1 negativity alone should not preclude use of this combination.</p><p><strong>Protocol registration: </strong>www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero identifier is CRD420251163119.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"969-979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abdulrahman F Al-Mashdali, Mujahid O Abdelraof, Rasha Kaddoura, Azza M Halfawi, Mohamed Elfatih M Yousif, Mohammed Abdulgayoom, Abdul Rashid Shah, Shehab F Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2722553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains limited and heterogeneous, with prior syntheses often combining primary and secondary CNS lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through February 2026. The protocol was not registered in PROSPERO. Twenty-three reports were included: 15 studies in the quantitative synthesis (194 patients) and 8 reports in the qualitative synthesis (9 patients).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled overall response rate was 68% (95% CI, 59-76; I²=17%), including a complete response rate of 57% (95% CI, 49-65; I²=4%) and a partial response rate of 16% (95% CI, 11-22; I²=0%). Pooled overall survival rates were 79% at 6 months and 60% at 12 months; progression-free survival rates were 52% and 42%, respectively. Safety outcomes showed pooled rates of 72% for any-grade cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and 12% for grade ≥3 CRS, while any-grade and grade ≥3 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) occurred in 46% and 16%, respectively. Treatment-related mortality was 5% (95% CI, 2-15; I²= 0%). Sensitivity analyses yielded comparable results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAR-T therapy demonstrates promising efficacy with manageable toxicity in PCNSL. Although early disease control is encouraging, long-term durability remains limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"955-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer vaccines as targeted therapies: translational advances and challenges.","authors":"Zahra Shafaghat, Maryam Sadri, Mona Roozbehani, Fatemeh Kheiri, Maryam Dorfaki, Fatemeh Faraji","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728542","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer vaccines represent a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents with potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. By eliciting tumor-specific immune responses, these vaccines may offer durable protection against tumor progression, recurrence, and metastasis while minimizing off-target toxicity associated with conventional therapies. In addition, activation of adaptive immunity and the induction of immunological memory may contribute to sustained anti-tumor surveillance. Despite these advantages, clinical translation has been limited by immunological complexity, antigen selection, delivery constraints, and tumor-mediated immune evasion. Recent advances in vaccine platforms, including mRNA, peptide-based, and whole-cell vaccines, together with improved delivery systems and immune-modulating strategies, have renewed interest in cancer vaccine development and provided new opportunities to improve efficacy. This review summarizes current progress in cancer vaccine research, discusses major translational challenges, and considers future directions for the development of effective vaccine-based cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1029-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of early dynamic changes in peripheral blood immune-inflammatory indices with subsequent acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a landmark analysis.","authors":"Lin Song, Wanghui Lv, Qingbo Wang, Yan Luo","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728538","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2728538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains a major challenge in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluated whether early dynamic changes in peripheral inflammatory and nutritional indices predict subsequent acquired resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective landmark cohort included 138 patients with advanced NSCLC who achieved disease control after ICI-containing therapy. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed at baseline and after two ICI cycles. Landmark and time-dependent Cox regression analyses evaluated associations with subsequent progression-free survival (PFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 68 patients developed acquired resistance. After adjustment, increased ΔSII (HR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.32-3.18, <i>p</i> = 0.001), decreased ΔPNI (HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.14-2.71, <i>p</i> = 0.010), and increased ΔdNLR (HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.10-2.60, <i>p</i> = 0.016) were independently associated with shorter PFS. Time-dependent analyses further confirmed associations of longitudinal SII, PNI, and dNLR trajectories with disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early dynamic changes in SII, PNI, and dNLR are associated with subsequent acquired resistance after initial disease control in advanced NSCLC receiving ICI-containing therapy and may support early risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"927-937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Nivolumab monotherapy in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) in China.","authors":"Xiaohong Zhu, Xu Yang, Tong Liu","doi":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2715931","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1750743X.2026.2715931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Nivolumab monotherapy in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) in China.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An economic evaluation using a three-state partitioned survival model assessed the cost-effectiveness of Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Nivolumab monotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival and progression-free survival from a clinical trial were digitally extracted, and the Weibull model was applied to extrapolate long-term survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The anticipated cost and utility of the Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab arm exceeded those of the Nivolumab monotherapy arm, respectively (322,575.67 USD vs. 188,409.23 USD; 3.88 QALYs vs. 2.57 QALYs). The ICER was 102,646.86 USD/QALY, suggesting that Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab was not cost-effective compared to Nivolumab monotherapy as the late-line treatment for metastatic CRC patients with dMMR/MSI-H.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab was not cost-effective compared to Nivolumab monotherapy in previously treated metastatic CRC patients with dMMR/MSI-H in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":13328,"journal":{"name":"Immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"835-845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}