Indian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Bioprocess for the Sustainable Production of Prebiotic Mannooligosaccharides Using a Bacterial Mannanase.","authors":"Monika Rana, Aditya Kumar, Rahul Warmoota, Richa Yadav, Sunena Jassal, Koushik Mazumder, Naveen Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01448-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01448-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mannooligosaccharides (MOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides that have garnered significant attention due to their functional properties, including prebiotic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and other bioactive attributes. Despite numerous reports on MOS, limited work has been done to optimize their production in an economical and sustainable manner, which is essential for large-scale applications. The present study aimed to standardize the conditions for the enhanced production of MOS from copra meal using β-mannanase (MAN-7) from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> MAN7. A 4.6-fold increase in MOS production was achieved, with yield reaching as high as 560 mg per gram of copra meal. β-MOS with a degree of polymerization (DP) between 2-6 were purified using activated carbon and ethanol treatment. Spectroscopic, chromatographic and other characterization techniques confirmed their DP and properties typical of oligosaccharides. MOS demonstrated a prebiotic effect by promoting the growth of health-promoting bacteria (e.g., <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.) while remaining non-utilizable by enteropathogens. Additionally, MOS were resistant to digestive juices and exhibited no cytotoxic effects. These prebiotic properties suggest that β-MOS are suitable as candidate prebiotic agents or functional food ingredients. The optimized enzymatic conditions established in this study provide a sustainable and cost-efficient bioprocess for the valorization of agro-wastes into functional β-MOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of <i>Schistosoma</i> Species from Goats in Pakistan Using the 28S rDNA Region.","authors":"Muhammad Asim Khan, Kiran Afshan, Sabika Firasat, Muhammad Farhat Ullah, M Ijaz Khan, Dilsora Abduvalieva","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01502-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01502-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Schistosoma</i> contains trematode species that cause the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. From a systematic perspective, using conventional methods, different species of the family Schistosomidae are challenging to identify. Utilizing molecular methods, which enable quick and accurate identification of genetically distinct but morphologically related species, would be a wiser decision. Since the study of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region is all that has been done thus far, there is still very little information available regarding the usage of 28S rRNA regions of Schistosomidae for phylogenetic inference. However, there is no information available regarding the morphological or molecular makeup of <i>Schistosoma</i> in Pakistan. Based on morphology and genotyping, 16 distinct <i>Schistosoma</i> worms from six infected goats were analyzed in this study. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the 28S rDNA was amplified, sequenced, and compared with 23 additional Schistosomatidae reference sequences that were accessible in GenBank. The phylogenetic relationship between them was constructed using the maximum likelihood approach. Relevant guidelines and regulations conducted all methods. The study is reported in alignment with the ARRIVE guidelines. In the current study, we carried out both morphological and molecular characterization of worms obtained from goats in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa area of Pakistan. Six of these worms had their morphology thoroughly investigated, and as a result, they were classified as <i>Schistosoma</i> species. Six flukes, along with an additional ten specimens, underwent PCR amplification and sequencing of the 28S rDNA region, which identified a single haplotype across all samples. A phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA sequences of Schistosoma species was conducted in comparison with those of other members of the Schistosomatiddae family to evaluate intra-and interspecific variation. The findings indicated that <i>Schistosoma</i> from Pakistan (PP702080) and <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> from China were genetically similar. The 28S r DNA genetic marker employed in the current study is very insightful and may be the focus of future research on the epidemiology and incidence of various diseases. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of ruminant blood flukes requires the development of more polymorphic genetic markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics-Driven Analysis of LDPE Degradation by <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> WD4 Isolated from Plastic Waste Dumpsite.","authors":"Shilpa Shilpa, Nitai Basak, Sumer Singh Meena","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01444-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01444-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the most widely used polyethylene types that is accumulated in the environment due to its resistant nature. The commonly used packaging materials and polybags are made up of single-use LDPE. The widespread usage and mismanagement of plastic waste disposal are the biggest threats to our ecosystem. Under environmental conditions, the PE materials require a long period to degenerate. The weathering results in the fragmentation of PE in the open environment, which causes the emission of toxic pollutants and several health hazards to living beings. Several microbial communities have been reported in recent years for the biodegradation of the LDPE, but the intrinsic pathways and genes involved in the degradation are still not fully explored. The present study has reported the role of the <i>Pseudomonas</i> strain isolated from the dumpsite in the LDPE degradation. The transcriptomic analysis of the strain <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> WD4 revealed the genes utilized during the LDPE utilization. The mRNA expression levels of the strain were mapped based on the log fold changes between the presence and absence of LDPE in the culture medium. The upregulation of differentially expressed phage proteins such as PA0720, PA0726, PA0727, PA0728, and PA0719 shows the physiological importance of these genes for LDPE degradation. In earlier studies, it has been reported that these proteins play key role in the formation of biofilms by the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> sp.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01444-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Probiotics: Emerging Strategies for Health and Disease Management.","authors":"Bhargav Parmar, Riteshkumar Arya, Gayatri Patel","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01478-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01478-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study looks at the growing significance of probiotics in health maintenance and illness prevention, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Probiotics, which are primarily derived from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium families, have gained popularity for their ability to maintain a stable gut microbiota, which is essential for overall health. These beneficial microorganisms are becoming recognized as natural alternatives to antibiotics for infection control, and they work especially well when combined with prebiotics. Probiotics show promise in treating a variety of illnesses, including gastrointestinal disorders, immunological modulation, mental health support, cardiovascular protection, and metabolic disease management. Despite positive findings, more study is needed to better understand the fundamental mechanisms, optimize dosages, and identify the most beneficial strains for certain health outcomes. Emerging therapeutic sectors, including as maternal mental health, autism spectrum disorders, hypertension, and metabolic illnesses like obesity and diabetes, provide new avenues for probiotic research. As our scientific understanding grows, probiotics are set to become essential instruments in modern healthcare, providing novel methods to disease prevention and overall health enhancement. The review emphasizes the need for additional research to fully realize probiotics' promise in both clinical and everyday health applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"20-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Association of TLR6 rs5743810 with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Population of JAMMU Region.","authors":"Sakshi Sharma, Indu Priya, Isar Sharma, Suruchi Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Ritu Mahajan, Nisha Kapoor","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01432-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01432-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is an international public health problem that results in preventable deaths each year. About 10% of those infected develop tuberculosis, indicating that host defense factors play a significant role in the progression to active disease. Polymorphic variants in the genes determine genetic diversity among populations. Many studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for the innate immune molecules can affect the susceptibility and outcome of various diseases. Till date, Jammu & Kashmir state has largely remained unexplored in terms of genetic diversity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental elements of the innate immune system. TLRs identify microbial components that are conserved in pathogens and start the necessary inflammatory immune responses required for activation of adaptive immunity. Studies among populations with polymorphisms in TLR signaling genes can elucidate the connection between TLRs and human diseases. The present study is designed to find out the association of SNPs in <i>TLR1, TLR2, TLR4</i> and <i>TLR6</i> genes with pulmonary tuberculosis within the Dogra population of Jammu and Kashmir. This is conducted as a case-control study that includes 150 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 130 Healthy controls. SNP Genotyping for exploring the polymorphisms is done by using Sanger sequencing. T allele in <i>TLR6</i> (rs5743810) showed a protective role in TB infection (<i>p</i> = 0.0011, OR 0.16 95% CI 0.055-0.48). However, the data showed no significant association of <i>TLR1</i> (rs4833095)<i>, TLR2</i> <b>(</b>rs3804099<b>)</b> and <i>TLR4 (</i>rs4986790) with PTB in the Dogra population of Jammu region. Our data gave new insights into the role of TLR6 in <i>M.tuberculosis</i> defense and showed that TLR6 variant rs5743810 is associated with protection against TB in Dogra population of Jammu region. More studies on the larger ethnically diverse patient cohorts may help to validate the possible effect of these polymorphisms on the susceptibility to pulmonary TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesized and Characterized GO@AgNPs from Bark of <i>Grewia orbiculata</i> Combat Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by Damaging Cell Membrane.","authors":"Suguna Mallesh, Sharan Umesha","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01470-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01470-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study investigates the potent antimicrobial activity of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the methanolic extract of bark of <i>Grewia orbiculata</i>, which is first of its kind. Nanoparticles with size of 62 nm and negative potential of -2,2 mV were found to be well-shaped spherical in nature through DLS and SEM analysis. FT-IR revealed the presence of many functional groups such as alkyl, aromatic and alkaline groups. Through HR-TEM analysis, lattice spacing was calculated to be 0.18 nm which corresponded to the plane family (111, fcc) of metallic silver. Apart from characterization, mechanism of action (MOA) was also evaluated for GO@AgNPs. The concentrations of GO@AgNPs and Methanolic Extract of Bark of <i>Grewia orbiculata</i> (MEB of GO) required to kill MRSA and inhibit its biofilm were equal to their respective MIC. 2 × MIC of nanoparticles and 4 × MIC of MEB of GO was required to eradicate biofilm. At high inoculum, 4 × MIC of MEB of GO and 2 × MIC of GO@AgNPs was required. Lower inoculum required only 0.5 to 0.25 × MIC. Time kill kinetics showed that GO@AgNPs was bactericidal in nature, SEM analysis showed cell membrane damage and aggregation of MRSA and <i>E. coli</i> cells, whereas AFM showed the increased irregular shape, skewness and roughness of the nanoparticle treated MRSA suggesting, cell membrane damage to be the major MOA of GO@AgNPs, which was seconded by DNA leakage assay and potassium efflux assays. Through FOR experiment, post drug effect revealed it is immensely difficult for MRSA to pick resistance towards GO@AgNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"159-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heading: Efficacy of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Winemaking Byproducts in Preventing Alcoholic Liver Injury.","authors":"Min-Wei Hsieh, Huey-Yueh Chen, Cheng-Chih Tsai","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01506-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12088-025-01506-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary cause of liver damage due to alcohol consumption is long-term intake that disrupts normal metabolism. We focused on evaluating the screening of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from winemaking byproducts to prevent alcoholic liver damage. We employed in vitro cell tests to determine the effect of probiotics on reducing cytokine levels (INF-<i>γ</i>, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6, IL-8) and alcohol content after LPS-induced inflammation of alcoholic liver cells. We also analyzed the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) after hepatocyte injury. The results showed that strain tau 2-8 (107) and strain tau 1-1 (107) could maintain a viable count above 6 Log CFU/mL at 20% alcohol concentration. Moreover, strain 3-14 (106) and strain 6-10 (107) effectively reduced AST content in HepG2 cells stimulated by alcohol, with clearance rates of 107 and 105%, respectively. In the animal experiments, feeding single and combination multi-strains at the eighth week resulted in AST levels decrease significantly compared to the alcohol group in serum. Specifically, the single strain 3-14 (106) and the combined multi-strain had better effects, reducing AST levels by 54 and 48%, respectively. Additionally, the serum triglyceride content of the group under an alcoholic diet increased over time, but feeding with lactic acid bacteria resulted in a significant decrease. The glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity of the alcohol group decreased by 31.9% compared to the control group, while feeding with single-strain lactobacillus and combined lactobacillus groups increased significantly. Feeding lactic acid bacteria effectively reduced and improved alcoholic fatty liver and liver damage. In this study, LAB derived from the utilization of winemaking by-products also helps to manage wine industrial waste in an efficient way.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"216-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrile-Hydrolyzing Haloalkalitolerant Rhodococci of Soda Sludge Storage.","authors":"Yu G Maksimova, G A Syrovatskaya, A Yu Maksimov","doi":"10.1007/s12088-024-01445-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01445-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of the work is to study the growth characteristics, nitrile-hydrolyzing activity and biofilm formation of <i>Rhodococcus</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 and <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 under the effect of harsh environmental conditions (high mineralization, high pH, and solvents). The haloalkalitolerant nitrile-utilizing <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 and <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 were isolated from an alkaline highly mineralized soda sludge storage, and their ability to accumulate biomass at high salt concentrations and high pH was studied. The effect of pH 10 and 50 g/L NaCl on nitrile-hydrolyzing activity, as well as the ability to grow in the presence of high concentrations of nitriles and other solvents, were studied. <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 was isolated from soda sludge with pH 11. This strain accumulates 2 times more biomass at pH 10 than at pH 8, and its nitrile-hydrolyzing activity is 2.5 times higher at pH 10 than at pH 7 of the reaction medium. Extremely high tolerance of these strains to nitriles was established. <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 and <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 are able to grow at 1.5 M acetonitrile and acrylonitrile, and at 10-80% hexane. Biofilm formation is an adaptive ability of these strains. NaCl (50-200 g/L) in cultivation media and pH 10-12 course to an increase in the <i>R.</i> <i>qingshengii</i> IEGM 1416 biofilm biomass relative to the control (0.5 g/L NaCl, pH 7). Biofilm biomass of <i>R.</i> <i>erythropolis</i> IEGM 1417 increases under 10-200 g/L NaCl and pH 8-12. The biofilm biomass of both strains significantly decreases at 37 °C compared to 30 °C. It has been shown that the extreme habitat of nitrile hydrolyzing bacteria affects their ability to hydrolyze nitriles in a highly mineralized and alkaline environment. Nitrile-hydrolyzing haloalkalitolerant rhodococci are a promising biotechnological object and can be used in the nitrile hydrolysis under high pH and mineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and Partial Characterization of Biopigment Production from Endophytic <i>Mesobacillus subterraneus</i> SGL and Its Antimicrobial Activity.","authors":"Gayathri Devi Kandasamy, Priyanka Ravichandran, Preethi Kathirvel","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01498-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01498-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the multitude of advantages that natural pigments offer over synthetic pigments has opened up intriguing avenues for diverse applications across numerous sectors. Bacteria are a preferable source of biocolorants, as they can produce large amounts in a short time and without seasonal constraints, making them appear safe and biodegradable. Among them, endosymbiotic bacteria that coexist with plants might serve as an alternative source for the synthesis of several unique bioactives with distinctive medicinal properties. In view of this, the primary objective of the current research was directed towards the isolation and identification of seagrass-associated pigmented bacteria, the extraction and characterization of the pigment using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as studying the biological characteristics of the pigment. Among 13 distinct bacterial colonies, an orange-red pigment-producing endophyte was identified as <i>Mesobacillus subterraneus</i> SGL, employing morphological features and phylogenetic characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing. After screening appropriate media for pigment production, the physiochemical parameters (temperature, pH, incubation period, inoculum percentage, agitation, nitrogen, and carbon sources) affecting the pigmentation bioprocess were refined through a stepwise optimization approach. The pigment synthesized by the isolate was extracted using methanol, and different spectroscopic analysis revealed that the extracted pigment might be a carotenoid. In vitro bioactivity studies demonstrated that the extracted pigment exhibited 79.36 ± 0.89% of antioxidant potential and displayed a notable antimicrobial effect against the tested pathogens.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-025-01498-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Extracts of the Mushroom <i>Lentinus tigrinus</i>.","authors":"Yasaman Yazdi, Mohammad Reza Rezaei, Hamid R Pourianfar","doi":"10.1007/s12088-025-01481-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-025-01481-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synergistic antibacterial activities of biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and commercial antibiotics are well-known. However, limited data is available regarding the synergy between metallic NPs and bioactive compounds. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a green approach using a hot water extract from Tiger Sawgill mushroom, <i>Lentinus tigrinus</i>. The study also aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs alone and in combination with an acetone extract of <i>L</i>. <i>tigrinus</i>, known for its antibacterial properties. Characterization of the biosynthesized AgNPs showed that they were monodispersed, spherical particles with an average size of 5-25 nm. They exhibited a face-centered cubic structure and were stable due to the presence of bioorganic coating agents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the hot water extract contained reducing and stabilizing biomolecules that facilitated the conversion of Ag⁺ to Ag⁰. The microdilution broth assay revealed that the biogenic AgNPs at concentrations lower than 1000 μg/mL were only active against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. However, when combined with the mushroom acetone extract, a synergistic antibacterial effect was observed. This led to a decrease in the lowest effective concentration to 31.25 μg/mL (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Specifically, the inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> by 500 μg/mL of this mixture increased by 306%, 380%, and 900%, respectively, compared with that of the biosynthesized AgNPs alone (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The present study confirmed that <i>L. tigrinus</i> is a novel source for green biosynthesis of AgNPs with antibacterial properties when combined with the mushroom acetone extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":13316,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}