{"title":"Context-Aware Heterogeneous Task Scheduling for Multi-Layered Systems","authors":"Sharon L. G. Contreras, M. Levorato","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00034","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning is becoming an increasingly integral component of mobile applications. However, the execution of compute-heavy neural models (e.g., for computer vision tasks) on resource-constrained devices is challenging due to their limited computing power, memory, and energy reservoir. While edge computing mitigates these issues, the transfer of information-rich signals over capacity-limited and time-varying wireless channels may result in large latency and latency variations. Herein, we propose a methodology to route heterogeneous tasks across the resources and layers of systems composed of mobile devices and edge servers. Different from prior work, we consider aspects of real-world systems, such as context switching, task accumulation, and the interplay between communications and computing components of the overall pipeline, that are rarely captured in abstract models. To optimize the task flow, we use a deep reinforcement learning agent trained on real-world data collected using a system we developed. The agent uses an articulate definition of state drawing features from several logical blocks of the system. Results indicate that the agent adapts the routing of tasks to parameters controlling their heterogeneity, as well as the hardware setup and the state of the wireless channel.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130674136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Zimmermann, Paul Schwenteck, Willi Meißner, Christian L. Vielhaus, Juan A. Cabrera, F. Fitzek, M. Reisslein
{"title":"Information Flow Graph for Distributed Caching without Newcomers over a Broadcast Medium","authors":"Sandra Zimmermann, Paul Schwenteck, Willi Meißner, Christian L. Vielhaus, Juan A. Cabrera, F. Fitzek, M. Reisslein","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00017","url":null,"abstract":"The trade-offs between storage and repair traffic for replacing failed storage nodes with new nodes (newcomers) in data centers with an omniscient controller are well understood. However, in edge storage settings, newcomers are not readily available, necessitating resilient data storage (caching) without newcomers. Edge storage nodes can often communicate via a broadcast wireless medium, which can be exploited to reduce the transmitted repair traffic via network coding. Repairs for resilient distributed caching without newcomers over a broadcast medium with Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC), which does not require an omniscient controller, have not been previously studied. We develop an information-theoretic model to characterize the theoretically achievable trade-offs between stored data and transmitted repair data in the RLNC broadcast setting without newcomers. Specifically, we formulate an Information Flow Graph (FG) model and identify all cuts in the resulting FG. We validate the theoretical FG model with simulations that demonstrate that the practically achievable trade-offs are close to the theoretical trade-offs.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125701136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-Efficient Mobility Management in 5G","authors":"Anna Prado, Fidan Mehmeti, W. Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00036","url":null,"abstract":"Signal quality fluctuates significantly due to blockages of Line of Sight, shadowing, and user mobility. This renders mobility management in 5G quite challenging. To improve it, 3GPP introduced Conditional Handover (CHO), which reduces handover failures by preparing target Base Stations in advance. This algorithm adapts to the varying channel conditions and constantly prepares/releases cells, which leads to an increased exchange of control messages between the user, serving and target BSs. Connecting to the BS with the strongest signal is not always beneficial because available resources and other users’ channels should be considered for a successful network operation. Hence, the need to carefully decide when to hand over, and when that happens, to select the best target BSs. In this paper, we formulate an optimization problem that minimizes the network signaling by reducing the number of unprepared handovers and wasted cell preparations, while providing a minimum rate to everyone. As the problem is NP-hard, we proceed with two approaches. Firstly, we relax it and obtain a lower bound. Secondly, we propose a Cost-Efficient CHO (CECHO) algorithm with performance guarantees. Using 5G trace data, we compare CECHO with two baselines and show that it outperforms them by at least 54% while being near-optimal.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126571860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poster: Technical Feasibility of Visible Light Communication Systems for Low Bitrate Smart Cities and the Industry 4.0 Applications","authors":"Véronique Georlette, V. Moeyaert","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00054","url":null,"abstract":"Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a growing technology in the context of new telecommunication systems. It uses the visible and infrared spectrum to communicate data to light sensitive equipment. Thus it enables Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) lamps to have the dual role of illuminating and communicating. This means of communication is very much studied and commercialized for indoor applications. However, with the popularization of smart city applications in urban areas as well as in industries, it appears that the VLC technology could be relevant in those environments too. In order to measure its feasibility of deployment, this work proposes tools, including an innovative smoke model and the use of advanced modulation schemes, to simulate the coverage of a VLC communication in order to estimate its theoretical feasibility as well as a set of prototypes that demonstrate the technical feasibility of this technology.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick M. Chache, Sean Maxon, R. Narayanan, Ramesh Bharadwaj
{"title":"Effects of Lossy Compression on the Age of Information in a Low Power Network","authors":"Frederick M. Chache, Sean Maxon, R. Narayanan, Ramesh Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00068","url":null,"abstract":"Low power, long range wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a field with many real world uses such as disaster, agricultural, and industrial applications. The nodes in these networks often communicate via radio frequency (RF) modulation schemes that prioritize long range and low power consumption at the expense of data rates. These low data rates can cause the network to quickly become saturated, as sensors can often generate data at rates higher than the network capacity. To address this issue, remote estimation techniques have been proposed to reduce the loads on the network, while still transmitting enough data to accurately reconstruct the original signal. This, paired with the concepts of Age of Information (AoI), has been shown to be an effective solution. Compression algorithms, both lossless and lossy, have been used to improve data throughput by increasing the amount of information encoded in a given number of bytes. In a low power WSN, the use of compression algorithms could improve the effective data rate of the network, without the need to downsample the signal, and discard data points. But compression can also have drawbacks, as algorithms with very high compression ratios can lead to needless distortion of information, as well as excessive time between transmissions as the node waits to properly fill a packet. In this work, a simulation environment and real world test bed were developed to understand these effects, and adaptive compression rate algorithms were developed to optimize the network to minimize average AoI.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nico vom Hofe, Peter Sossalla, Johannes Hofer, Christian L. Vielhaus, Justus Rischke, Jannek Steinke, F. Fitzek
{"title":"Demo: Robotics meets Augmented Reality: Real-Time Mapping with Boston Dynamics Spot and Microsoft HoloLens 2","authors":"Nico vom Hofe, Peter Sossalla, Johannes Hofer, Christian L. Vielhaus, Justus Rischke, Jannek Steinke, F. Fitzek","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00062","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms have gained popularity in the field of robotics for generating maps of environments. This paper presents a novel approach for generating 3D maps of environments visited by a Boston Dynamics robot dog named Spot. Five stereo cameras mounted on the robot dog capture images that are transmitted to a remote machine that generates 3D maps of the environment in real-time. The human operator wears an Augmented Reality (AR) device that embeds the 3D maps into his field of view. Tasks in human demanding environments, where the operator actively intervenes in the performed processes, can be performed remotely. The intention of this application is to stay in a safe place and at the same time take the robot’s perspective.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123087107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunistic Routing in LoRa-based Wireless Mesh Networks","authors":"Sascha Rösler, A. Zubow, F. Dressler","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00065","url":null,"abstract":"The recent move of the LoRa wireless technology towards the wider 2.4 GHz ISM spectrum band creates multiple opportunities for its broader usage in new IoT applications requiring larger data rates. However, this ISM band is already crowded with other wireless technologies like WiFi or Bluetooth, and cross-technology interference issues need to be considered. Moreover, the less favorable radio propagation properties in the 2.4 GHz band shorten the communication distance of LoRa transmissions and therefore make relaying necessary. Unfortunately, the direct usage of LoRa technology in a wireless mesh network is challenging due to the non-existent generic frame preamble and header, i.e. LoRa frames are not self-contained. This makes the dynamic adaptation of the modulation used by LoRa per link or even packet transmission challenging. We show in this paper that such limitation can be partially overcome by utilizing the macro spacial diversity provided by opportunistic routing (OR) protocols. In contrast to traditional routing OR selects a candidate set of nodes per hop along the path in the mesh network. Thus any temporal channel fading and local interference conditions will not result in a failed transmissions due to utilization of the spatial diversity provided by OR. The usage of OR achieves a much higher E2E packet delivery rate as well as lower E2E delay as compared to traditional routing while the overhead is reasonable. Moreover, with OR the same signal modulation can be used network-wide and its adjustment can be made on a long-term basis.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117326695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Control-Channel Security for the Aeronautical Communications System LDACS","authors":"Nils Mäurer, T. Gräupl, C. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00072","url":null,"abstract":"Since Air Traffic Management (ATM) is still conducted largely via analogue voice communications, the digitization of data transmission is crucial to automate and secure ATM in civil aviation. For that purpose, several new digital data links are developed. The continental, terrestrial long-range candidate is the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS), which is a cellular, ground-based digital communications system for flight guidance and communications related to the safety and regularity of flight. The security of LDACS has been the focus of recent works, however, the problem to secure data on its small control-channels remains unsolved. The objective of this work is to propose slim and efficient security measures to protect data on the LDACS control-channels and evaluate their security and performance impact. First, via a 3-pass instancing of the ISO/IEC11770-3:2021 “Key agreement mechanism 7” protocol, keys to secure LDACS control-channels are established between air and ground radios. Second, via these point-to-point keys and point-to-multipoint group keys, the control-channels are secured. Thereby the limitations set by the limited bandwidth are respected and cryptographic overhead optimized. Finally, the security of our proposal is validated using a symbolic model with the Tamarin proof system. Also, via computer simulations, the LDACS performance impact of the control-channel security solutions is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116861421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eryk Schiller, Chao Feng, Rafael Hengen Ribeiro, Francesco Marino, M. Buck, B. Stiller
{"title":"Demo: Utilizing SRv6 to Optimize the Routing Behavior for Tactical Networks","authors":"Eryk Schiller, Chao Feng, Rafael Hengen Ribeiro, Francesco Marino, M. Buck, B. Stiller","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00063","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical networks require highly reliable network architecture to maintain data integrity. Segment Routing (SR) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) are innovative technologies that can improve the network’s stability. The TactSR system uses SR and SDN to adjust network routes to reduce packet loss dynamically. Emulations using real-world topologies show that TactSR is more effective than the baseline solution in reducing traffic losses and decreasing maximum link utilization.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harrison Kurunathan, José Santos, Duarte Moreira, Pedro Santos
{"title":"Towards Safe Cooperative Autonomous Platoon systems using COTS Equipment","authors":"Harrison Kurunathan, José Santos, Duarte Moreira, Pedro Santos","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM57956.2023.00081","url":null,"abstract":"The domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is becoming a key candidate to enable safer and efficient mobility in IoT enabled smart cities. Several recent research in cooperative autonomous systems are conducted over simulation frameworks as real experiments are still too costly. In this paper, we present a platooning robotic test-bed platform with a 1/10 scale robotic vehicles that functions based on the input front commercially off the shelf technologies (COTS) such as Lidars and cameras. We also present an in-depth analysis of the functionalities and architecture of the proposed system. We also compare the performance of the aforementioned sensors in some real-life emulated scenarios. From our results, we were able to concur that the camera based platooning is able to perform well at partially observable scenarios than its counterpart.","PeriodicalId":132845,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 24th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127984795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}