Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Zerumbone Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of A2058 Melanoma stem-like Cells by Producing Reactive Oxygen Species, Causing G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, and Controlling the Expression of Genes Linked to Metastasis.","authors":"Atieh Ostadi, Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi, Farzaneh Abbasinezhad-Moud, Yekta Metanat, Farid Qoorchi Moheb Seraj, Amir R Afshari, Seyed Sajad Ahmadi, Gordon A Ferns, Afsane Bahrami","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01260-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01260-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anticancer properties of Zerumbone, derived from the Zingiberaceae, is attracting increasing interest. Melanomas are the type of skin cancer associated with a high mortality, and current treatments have poor efficacy. This current research assesses the potential of Zerumbone to inhibit some of the malignant characteristics exhibited in the human melanoma cell line, A2058, in vitro. The Resazurin assay was used to evaluate cell viability, and wound healing assay and gelatin zymography was applied to investigate migration and MMP-2 and - 9 activities. Gene expression levels associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and the spread of cancer cells were measured using qRT-PCR. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry, while the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cells was quantified using fluorimetry. Zerumbone exhibited more cytotoxicity against melanoma cells than normal L929 and HFF cells. Zerumbone reduced the mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 and MITF while boosting NME-1. Zerumbone also caused G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle. Zerumbone increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 and the levels of p53 gene expression, inducing apoptosis in A2058 cells. Zerumbone was found to reduce the secretion and functionality of MMP-2. Zerumbone also enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed the ROS-induced cytotoxicity on A2058 cells. The co-administration of Zerumbone with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) enhanced cell viability whilst reducing the generation of ROS induced by Zerumbone. Furthermore, Zerumbone enhanced the efficacy of Dacarbazine, a chemotherapeutic medication. Thus, Zerumbone has potential as a practical approach to battle melanoma, either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with Dacarbazine. However, more pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to investigate its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"403-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Efficacy of Silymarin against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Structural Changes Mediated by Arsenic-induced Toxicity in Rats.","authors":"Annu Verma, Manoj Soni, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01259-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01259-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic is one of the toxic metalloid that is ubiquitously distributed in environment that exerts toxic effects by contaminating air, water, soil, and other resources. Groundwater is thought to be the major source of arsenic-induced mammalian toxicity. The current work sheds light on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Male albino wistar rats were categorized into 4 groups i.e., control, silymarin-treated (50 mg/kg), arsenic-treated (25ppm), and arsenic + silymarin-treated. Arsenic and silymarin were given intragastrically for 28 days. The study found that as compared to the control rats, animals that received arsenic treatment had lower levels of total antioxidants inside their brain tissues. Additionally, a notable rise in malondialdehyde level, protein oxidation, and inflammation was observed in the group of arsenic treatment suggesting oxidative stress generation inside brain tissue of rats leading to neuronal damage. However, silymarin reversed the damage caused by arsenic in rats, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. The electron microscopic and histological results also showed that silymarin reversed the neuronal damage induced by arsenic exposure providing additional evidence of its antioxidative nature. The present study highlights the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin as an antioxidant against arsenic-induced toxicity in rats' brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"391-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsicum in Clinical Biochemistry: Insights into its Role in Health and Disease.","authors":"Ayman Faris Faisal, Yasser Fakri Mustafa","doi":"10.1007/s12291-025-01317-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-025-01317-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the Solanaceae family, also known as peppers, widely celebrate the culinary and medicinal significance of <i>Capsicum</i> spp. These peppers, which range from sweet bell to fiery chili peppers, are rich in bioactive compounds such as capsaicin, carotenoids, flavonoids, and essential vitamins (A, C, and E). This review explores the diverse nutritional profile of <i>Capsicum</i> spp. and their therapeutic potential, particularly in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This study uses a lot of data from different databases from 2015 to 2025 to show how <i>Capsicum</i> spp. and their main phytochemicals can help fight cancer, inflammation, bacteria, and other harmful microbes. Important discoveries show that capsaicin, a bioactive alkaloid, controls metabolism, boosts immune function, and lowers oxidative stress, showing that it can help prevent diseases. Additionally, the nutritional richness of <i>Capsicum</i> spp., including their vitamins and minerals, contributes to overall health and vitality. The antimicrobial potential of these peppers against bacterial and fungal pathogens further enhances their appeal in both medicinal and food applications. The review stresses the usefulness of bioactive compounds derived from <i>Capsicum</i> spp. in functional foods and medicine. These compounds not only promise advancements in chronic disease management but also open avenues for innovative applications in these two fields. Future research aimed at optimizing the use of pepper-derived phytochemicals can help harness their full health-enhancing potential.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-025-01317-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"324-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Circulating Cell Free DNA Methylation Biomarker of Panel of Selected Genes for Lung Cancer Detection.","authors":"Supriya Karpathak, Rajiv Garg, Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad, Anand Srivastava, Tabish Qidwai, Saba Ubaid, Anurag Kumar Srivastav","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01255-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01255-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer (LC) is a well-known cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early diagnosis of LC is an unmet need to improve the treatment response. In present study, we have analyzed the promoter methylation of a panel of genes in LC tissue and established tissue mirror biomarkers in plasma-derived circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The mRNA expression of panel of genes (<i>CDH1, CHFR, SOX10,</i> and <i>CAV1</i>) were analyzed in tumor tissue (TT) including Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) as compared to tumor-free tissue (TF) and correlated with gene promoter methylation in tissue-derived gDNA using methylation-specific PCR. The methylation analysis of genes were further analyzed in plasma-derived cfDNA of NSCLC and SCLC compared to healthy control. The methylation frequencies of <i>CDH1, CHFR,</i> and <i>SOX10</i> were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05 to <i>p</i> < 0.001) in TT (59.45, 45.94 and 72.97%) compared to TF (21.42, 14.28 to 28.57%) respectively. Gene expressions in TT were down-regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in contrast to TF and negatively correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with hypermethylation, except <i>CAV1,</i> which showed up-regulation with hypomethylation in TT of NSCLC. The methylation status in cfDNA exploits similar results as tissue sample, exhibited significant hypermethylation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 to <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) in cfDNA of LC as compared to healthy control, and showed 58.33 to 76.47% positive predictive value and 51.47 to 66.33% negative predictive value. This study illustrated that gene promoter methylation analysis of the panel of genes in plasma samples has the potential for diagnosis of LC, and can be used as a tissue mirror biomarker.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01255-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"366-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacometabolomic Modulation of Biomarkers and Analytical Challenges in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy.","authors":"Manoj Khokhar, Dharmveer Yadav, Praveen Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12291-026-01417-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-026-01417-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"307-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Vitamin-E as a Vital Nutrient in Health and Diseases.","authors":"Ghizal Fatima, Andrej Dzupina, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Jan Fedacko, Aminat Magomedova, Nasser Ghaly Yousif","doi":"10.1007/s12291-025-01309-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-025-01309-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin E, known for its antioxidant properties, has been studied extensively for its potential health benefits, particularly in mitigating skin and overall health complications. The skin serves as a crucial barrier against environmental stressors and oxidative damage. Vitamin E, comprising tocopherols and tocotrienols, acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging free radicals that contribute to skin aging, inflammation, and diseases. Studies have demonstrated that Vitamin E supplementation can enhance skin health by protecting against UV-induced damage, improving moisture retention, and promoting wound healing. These effects are attributed to its ability to stabilize cell membranes and modulate inflammatory responses, thereby supporting skin integrity and function. Beyond dermatological benefits, Vitamin E supplementation shows promise in improving overall health outcomes. Research suggests that Vitamin E may reduce cardiovascular risk by inhibiting oxidative modification of lipoproteins and enhancing endothelial function. Moreover, it has been associated with potential benefits in neuroprotection, immune modulation, and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and arthritis. These systemic effects are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to cellular health and function. However, the effectiveness of Vitamin E supplementation can vary based on several factors, including dosage, formulation, and individual health status. High doses of Vitamin E, in particular, have raised concerns regarding adverse effects and interactions with medications. Therefore, careful consideration of dosage and monitoring of health outcomes are essential in clinical settings. In conclusion, Vitamin E supplementation holds promise in ameliorating skin and health complications through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. While evidence supports its beneficial effects on skin integrity, wound healing, and systemic health markers, further research is warranted to elucidate optimal dosage regimens and long-term safety profiles. Clinicians and researchers alike should continue to explore Vitamin E's potential in personalized medicine approaches, aiming to optimize health outcomes while minimizing risks associated with supplementation. This paper will elucidate the multifaceted role of Vitamin E in promoting skin health and overall well-being, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic adjunct in dermatology, cancer, infertility, heart diseases and preventive medicine. Future research endeavors should focus on refining supplementation protocols and expanding our understanding of Vitamin E's mechanisms of action across various health conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"310-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Validation and Comparative Study Between the KDIGO 2012 AKI Criteria and the AACC Guidance Document 2020.","authors":"Lipika Bhat, Barnali Das","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01263-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01263-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly acute renal failure (ARF), is characterized by a sudden deterioration in renal function, evidenced by a reversible increase in nitrogenous waste products, like serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) over hours to weeks. Up to 15% of hospitalized patients experience these episodes, often leading to complications and mortality. To standardize AKI clinical practice and research, various classifications exist including the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) (now known as Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM)) guidance document which address biological and assay variability. This study compares two AKI identification criteria the KDIGO 2012 and 20/20 AACC AKI criteria. Two AKI flagging algorithms were developed based on the identification criteria and AKI was flagged for both respectively. AACC diagnostic criteria demonstrate superior performance compared to the KDIGO criteria across matrices including sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value. AACC exhibit a lower false positive rate and false negative rate compared to KDIGO. These findings underscore the practical advantages of the AACC Guidance Document over KDIGO. Additionally, the need for a nephrology consultation to identify AKI was highlighted (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). This study is the first attempt to create and implement algorithms based on both KDIGO 2012 guidelines and AACC 20/20 guidance document to facilitate early diagnosis and timely intervention for management of Acute Kidney Injury in India. The efficacy of the algorithms was tested and compared with data validated by a nephrologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"418-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Oxidized LDL Level is Associated with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) High-Risk Prediction Algorithm: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Asim Orem, Büşra Bilgin, Seda Altuntas, Serap Ozer Yaman, Fulya Balaban Yucesan, Hüseyin Yaman, Cihan Orem","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01245-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-024-01245-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimation of cardiovascular (CV) individual risk over a 10 year period was provide benefit most from preventive action in individual at high risk of CVD, and it evaluated by SCORE2 predictive model. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in all stages of atherosclerosis. It was examined the relationship between oxidative stress and SCORE2, and to investigate whether one of the oxidative stress parameters may represent a potential risk marker permitting more accurate high-risk prediction for CV risk calculation models. The study groups consisted of 71 coronary artery disease (CAD)(-) patients (27 normocholesterolemic and 44 hypercholesterolemic) and 12 CAD(+) patients. Ox-LDL, MDA, OSI, 3-NT, 8-OHdG, and total thiols were measured as oxidative stress parameters and TNF-α and IL-6 as inflammatory factors. The oxidative stress parameters were showed significant changes among study groups. ROC analysis identified ox-LDL levels as one of the highest values (AUC:0.998, <i>p</i> < 0.001). ox-LDL exhibited the highest odds ratio at 1.68 (CI = 1.26-2.14) with SCORE2. ox-LDL levels increased significantly and gradually from the low- to high-risk groups of SCORE2 and exhibited the strongest correlation with SCORE2 (r = 0.48, <i>p</i> < 0.001). We suggest that circulating ox-LDL levels may be considered as a candidate marker for more accurate high-risk prediction with SCORE2.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 3","pages":"356-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Novel Variants of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase (FAH) Gene in Clinically Suspected Patients of Tyrosinemia Type 1: Tertiary Care Centre Study of North India.","authors":"Sandeep Kaur, Ravi Pratap Singh Bhadoriya, Shaveta Jain, Sadhna Lal, Savita Verma Attri, Rajendra Prasad, Sant Ram","doi":"10.1007/s12291-024-01236-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-024-01236-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tyrosinemia type I is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by the deficiency of Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). The deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites leading to the hepatorenal complications. The present study was planned for the identification of the spectrum of disease-causing mutations in the FAH gene of North Indian population. 70 clinically suspected tyrosinemia type I patients were recruited. Urinary Succinylacetone was estimated using Gas Chromatography Mass spectrometry (GCMS). The gene FAH was sequenced by Sanger sequencing in the patients whose exons showed band mobility change by single standard conformation polymorphism (SSCP) screening. Identified variants were functionally analyzed using <i>insilico</i> software tools for identification of pathogenic variants with in vitro functional characterization. Urinary Succinylacetone was not detected in urine of the recruited patients. Sequencing analysis revealed 24variants in nine patients. The majority of these variants were predicted to be disease causing by in silico software programs. In vitro, analysis showed that variants L17P + F22I + I373T and G307X, S130C and G307X can reduce protein expression and catalytic activity of <i>FAH</i>. Tyrosinemia type I is a rare disease but has severe mortality and morbidity. In India, diagnostic and treatment strategies are insufficient against this disease; therefore, majority of the cases may remain undiagnosed. Identification of these disease-causing mutations in the recruited study subjects implicate the requirement of neonatal or prenatal screening for Tyrosinemia Type I in future.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01236-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 2","pages":"231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12988082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-Antibodies for a Year Following SARS-CoV-Vaccinations.","authors":"Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1007/s12291-025-01305-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-025-01305-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13280,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"41 2","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12988121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}