ImmunityPub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.008
Zhuoqiong Qiu, Wei Li
{"title":"Superficial ice and deep blaze: A defense strategy of the skin","authors":"Zhuoqiong Qiu, Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"It’s crucial for skin to establish efficient defense strategies. Liu et al. reveal that the transcription factor ZNF750 recruits the histone demethylase KDM1A to silence pattern recognition receptors in the outer epidermis, making their expression limited to deeper, undifferentiated keratinocytes to address threats penetrating the skin.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.004
Simone Caielli, Preetha Balasubramanian, Juan Rodriguez-Alcazar, Uthra Balaji, Lauren Robinson, Zurong Wan, Jeanine Baisch, Cynthia Smitherman, Lynnette Walters, Paola Sparagana, Djamel Nehar-Belaid, Radu Marches, Lorien Nassi, Katie Stewart, Julie Fuller, Jacques F. Banchereau, Jinghua Gu, Tracey Wright, Virginia Pascual
{"title":"Type I IFN drives unconventional IL-1β secretion in lupus monocytes","authors":"Simone Caielli, Preetha Balasubramanian, Juan Rodriguez-Alcazar, Uthra Balaji, Lauren Robinson, Zurong Wan, Jeanine Baisch, Cynthia Smitherman, Lynnette Walters, Paola Sparagana, Djamel Nehar-Belaid, Radu Marches, Lorien Nassi, Katie Stewart, Julie Fuller, Jacques F. Banchereau, Jinghua Gu, Tracey Wright, Virginia Pascual","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"Opsonization of red blood cells that retain mitochondria (Mito<sup>+</sup> RBCs), a feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), triggers type I interferon (IFN) production in macrophages. We report that monocytes (Mos) co-produce IFN and mature interleukin-1β (mIL-1β) upon Mito<sup>+</sup> RBC opsonization. IFN expression depended on cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and RIG-I-like receptors’ (RLRs) sensing of Mito<sup>+</sup> RBC-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtRNA, respectively. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production was initiated by the RLR antiviral signaling adaptor (MAVS) pathway recognition of Mito<sup>+</sup> RBC-derived mtRNA. This led to the cytosolic release of Mo mtDNA, which activated the inflammasome. Importantly, mIL-1β secretion was independent of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and pyroptosis but relied on IFN-inducible myxovirus-resistant protein 1 (MxA), which facilitated the incorporation of mIL-1β into a <em>trans</em>-Golgi network (TGN)-mediated secretory pathway. RBC internalization identified a subset of blood Mo expressing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that released mIL-1β and expanded in SLE patients with active disease.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.003
Julia M. Messmer, Calvin Thommek, Manuel Piechutta, Varun Venkataramani, Rebekka Wehner, Dana Westphal, Marc Schubert, Chanté D. Mayer, Maike Effern, Anna S. Berghoff, Daniel Hinze, Iris Helfrich, Dirk Schadendorf, Wolfgang Wick, Michael Hölzel, Matthia A. Karreman, Frank Winkler
{"title":"T lymphocyte recruitment to melanoma brain tumors depends on distinct venous vessels","authors":"Julia M. Messmer, Calvin Thommek, Manuel Piechutta, Varun Venkataramani, Rebekka Wehner, Dana Westphal, Marc Schubert, Chanté D. Mayer, Maike Effern, Anna S. Berghoff, Daniel Hinze, Iris Helfrich, Dirk Schadendorf, Wolfgang Wick, Michael Hölzel, Matthia A. Karreman, Frank Winkler","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"To improve immunotherapy for brain tumors, it is important to determine the principal intracranial site of T cell recruitment from the bloodstream and their intracranial route to brain tumors. Using intravital microscopy in mouse models of intracranial melanoma, we discovered that circulating T cells preferably adhered and extravasated at a distinct type of venous blood vessel in the tumor vicinity, peritumoral venous vessels (PVVs). Other vascular structures were excluded as alternative T cell routes to intracranial melanomas. Anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors increased intracranial T cell motility, facilitating migration from PVVs to the tumor and subsequently inhibiting intracranial tumor growth. The endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was particularly expressed on PVVs, and, in samples of human brain metastases, ICAM-1 positivity of PVV-like vessels correlated with intratumoral T cell infiltration. These findings uncover a distinct mechanism by which the immune system can access and control brain tumors and potentially influence other brain pathologies.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.001
Zebing Rao, Shaorui Liu, Zhicheng Li, Qiuying Wang, Feng Gao, Han Peng, Deshan Ren, Yang Zang, Hui Li, Yan Li, Qi Hu, Danyang He, Heping Xu
{"title":"Alarmin-loaded extracellular lipid droplets induce airway neutrophil infiltration during type 2 inflammation","authors":"Zebing Rao, Shaorui Liu, Zhicheng Li, Qiuying Wang, Feng Gao, Han Peng, Deshan Ren, Yang Zang, Hui Li, Yan Li, Qi Hu, Danyang He, Heping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a crucial role in allergic diseases by coordinating a complex network of various effector cell lineages involved in type 2 inflammation. However, their function in regulating airway neutrophil infiltration, a deleterious symptom of severe asthma, remains unknown. Here, we observed ILC2-dependent neutrophil accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of allergic mouse models. Chromatography followed by proteomics analysis identified the alarmin high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the supernatant of lung ILC2s initiated neutrophil chemotaxis. Genetic perturbation of <em>Hmgb1</em> in ILC2s reduced BALF neutrophil numbers and alleviated airway inflammation. HMGB1 was loaded onto the membrane of lipid droplets (LDs) released from activated lung ILC2s. Genetic inhibition of LD accumulation in ILC2s significantly decreased extracellular HMGB1 abundance and BALF neutrophil infiltration. These findings unveil a previously uncharacterized extracellular LD-mediated immune signaling delivery pathway by which ILC2s regulate airway neutrophil infiltration during allergic inflammation.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.018
Alexander Lercher, Jin-Gyu Cheong, Michael J. Bale, Chenyang Jiang, Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann, Alison W. Ashbrook, Tyler Lewy, Yue S. Yin, Corrine Quirk, Emma J. DeGrace, Luis Chiriboga, Brad R. Rosenberg, Steven Z. Josefowicz, Charles M. Rice
{"title":"Antiviral innate immune memory in alveolar macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection ameliorates secondary influenza A virus disease","authors":"Alexander Lercher, Jin-Gyu Cheong, Michael J. Bale, Chenyang Jiang, Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann, Alison W. Ashbrook, Tyler Lewy, Yue S. Yin, Corrine Quirk, Emma J. DeGrace, Luis Chiriboga, Brad R. Rosenberg, Steven Z. Josefowicz, Charles M. Rice","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen encounter can result in epigenetic remodeling that shapes disease caused by heterologous pathogens. Here, we examined innate immune memory in the context of commonly circulating respiratory viruses. Single-cell analyses of airway-resident immune cells in a disease-relevant murine model of SARS-CoV-2 recovery revealed epigenetic reprogramming in alveolar macrophages following infection. Post-COVID-19 human monocytes exhibited similar epigenetic signatures. In airway-resident macrophages, past SARS-CoV-2 infection increased activity of type I interferon (IFN-I)-related transcription factors and epigenetic poising of antiviral genes. Viral pattern recognition and canonical IFN-I signaling were required for the establishment of this innate immune memory and augmented secondary antiviral responses. Antiviral innate immune memory mounted by airway-resident macrophages post-SARS-CoV-2 was necessary and sufficient to ameliorate secondary disease caused by influenza A virus and curtailed hyperinflammatory dysregulation and mortality. Our findings provide insights into antiviral innate immune memory in the airway that may facilitate the development of broadly effective therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.002
Ye Liu, Yifang Chen, Uyanga Batzorig, Jingting Li, Celia Fernández-Méndez, Samiksha Mahapatra, Fengwu Li, Shebin Sam, Tatsuya Dokoshi, Seung-Phil Hong, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Richard L. Gallo, George L. Sen
{"title":"The transcription regulators ZNF750 and LSD1/KDM1A dampen inflammation on the skin’s surface by silencing pattern recognition receptors","authors":"Ye Liu, Yifang Chen, Uyanga Batzorig, Jingting Li, Celia Fernández-Méndez, Samiksha Mahapatra, Fengwu Li, Shebin Sam, Tatsuya Dokoshi, Seung-Phil Hong, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Richard L. Gallo, George L. Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"The surface of the skin is continually exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli; however, it is unclear why it is not constantly inflamed due to this exposure. Here, we showed undifferentiated keratinocytes residing in the deep epidermis could trigger a strong inflammatory response due to their high expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect damage or pathogens. As keratinocytes differentiated, they migrated outward toward the surface of the skin and decreased their PRR expression, which led to dampened immune responses. ZNF750, a transcription factor expressed only in differentiated keratinocytes, recruited the histone demethylase KDM1A/LSD1 to silence genes coding for PRRs (<em>TLR3</em>, <em>IFIH1</em>/MDA5, and <em>DDX58</em>/RIG1). Loss of ZNF750 or KDM1A in human keratinocytes or mice resulted in sustained and excessive inflammation resembling psoriatic skin, which could be restored to homeostatic conditions upon silencing of <em>TLR3</em>. Our findings explain how the skin’s surface prevents excessive inflammation through ZNF750- and KDM1A-mediated suppression of PRRs.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interleukin-34-orchestrated tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming is required for tumor immune escape driven by p53 inactivation","authors":"Zhigang Nian, Yingchao Dou, Yiqing Shen, Jintang Liu, Xianghui Du, Yong Jiang, Yonggang Zhou, Binqing Fu, Rui Sun, Xiaohu Zheng, Zhigang Tian, Haiming Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"As the most frequent genetic alteration in cancer, more than half of human cancers have p53 mutations that cause transcriptional inactivation. However, how p53 modulates the immune landscape to create a niche for immune escape remains elusive. We found that cancer stem cells (CSCs) established an interleukin-34 (IL-34)-orchestrated niche to promote tumorigenesis in p53-inactivated liver cancer. Mechanistically, we discovered that <em>Il34</em> is a gene transcriptionally repressed by p53, and p53 loss resulted in IL-34 secretion by CSCs. IL-34 induced CD36-mediated elevations in fatty acid oxidative metabolism to drive M2-like polarization of foam-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These IL-34-orchestrated TAMs suppressed CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated antitumor immunity to promote immune escape. Blockade of the IL-34-CD36 axis elicited antitumor immunity and synergized with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, leading to a complete response. Our findings reveal the underlying mechanism of p53 modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and provide a potential target for immunotherapy of cancer with p53 inactivation.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.019
Pavla Bohacova, Marina Terekhova, Petr Tsurinov, Riley Mullins, Kamila Husarcikova, Irina Shchukina, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Barbora Echalar, Jan Kossl, Adam Saidu, Thomas Francis, Chelsea Mannie, Laura Arthur, Stephen D.R. Harridge, Daniel Kreisel, Philip A. Mudd, Angela M. Taylor, Coleen A. McNamara, Marina Cella, Sidharth V. Puram, Maxim N. Artyomov
{"title":"Multidimensional profiling of human T cells reveals high CD38 expression, marking recent thymic emigrants and age-related naive T cell remodeling","authors":"Pavla Bohacova, Marina Terekhova, Petr Tsurinov, Riley Mullins, Kamila Husarcikova, Irina Shchukina, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Barbora Echalar, Jan Kossl, Adam Saidu, Thomas Francis, Chelsea Mannie, Laura Arthur, Stephen D.R. Harridge, Daniel Kreisel, Philip A. Mudd, Angela M. Taylor, Coleen A. McNamara, Marina Cella, Sidharth V. Puram, Maxim N. Artyomov","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"Thymic involution is a key factor in human immune aging, leading to reduced thymic output and a decline in recent thymic emigrant (RTE) naive T cells in circulation. Currently, the precise definition of human RTEs and their corresponding cell surface markers lacks clarity. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq/ATAC-seq data distinguished RTEs by the expression of SOX4, IKZF2, and TOX and CD38 protein, whereby surface CD38<sup>hi</sup> expression universally identified CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> RTEs. We further determined the dynamics of RTEs and mature cells in a cohort of 158 individuals, including age-associated transcriptional reprogramming and shifts in cytokine production. Spectral cytometry profiling revealed two axes of aging common to naive CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells: (1) a decrease in CD38<sup>++</sup> cells (RTEs) and (2) an increase in CXCR3<sup>hi</sup> cells. Identification of RTEs enables direct assessment of thymic health. Furthermore, resolving the dynamics of naive T cell remodeling yields insight into vaccination and infection responsiveness throughout aging.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notch signaling regulates macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Wei Guo, Ziyi Li, Gerasimos Anagnostopoulos, Wan Ting Kong, Shuangyan Zhang, Svetoslav Chakarov, Amanda Shin, Jiawen Qian, Yiwen Zhu, Wenjuan Bai, Olivier Cexus, Bin'en Nie, Jing Wang, Xiaoyu Hu, Camille Blériot, Zhaoyuan Liu, Baiyong Shen, Nicolas Venteclef, Bing Su, Florent Ginhoux","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"The liver macrophage population comprises resident Kupffer cells (KCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages with distinct pro- or anti-inflammatory properties that affect the severity and course of liver diseases. The mechanisms underlying macrophage differentiation and functions in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and/or steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH) remain mostly unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and fate mapping of hepatic macrophage subpopulations, we unraveled the temporal and spatial dynamics of distinct monocyte and monocyte-derived macrophage subsets in MASH. We revealed a crucial role for the Notch-Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) signaling pathway in controlling the monocyte-to-macrophage transition, with <em>Rbpj</em> deficiency blunting inflammatory macrophages and monocyte-derived KC differentiation and conversely promoting the emergence of protective Ly6C<sup>lo</sup> monocytes. Mechanistically, <em>Rbpj</em> deficiency promoted lipid uptake driven by elevated CD36 expression in Ly6C<sup>lo</sup> monocytes, enhancing their protective interactions with endothelial cells. Our findings uncover the crucial role of Notch-RBPJ signaling in monocyte-to-macrophage transition and will aid in the design of therapeutic strategies for MASH treatment.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunityPub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.017
Alexandra R. Dvorscek, Craig I. McKenzie, Vera C. Stäheli, Zhoujie Ding, Jacqueline White, Stewart A. Fabb, Leonard Lim, Kristy O’Donnell, Catherine Pitt, Daniel Christ, Danika L. Hill, Colin W. Pouton, Deborah L. Burnett, Robert Brink, Marcus J. Robinson, David M. Tarlinton, Isaak Quast
{"title":"Conversion of vaccines from low to high immunogenicity by antibodies with epitope complementarity","authors":"Alexandra R. Dvorscek, Craig I. McKenzie, Vera C. Stäheli, Zhoujie Ding, Jacqueline White, Stewart A. Fabb, Leonard Lim, Kristy O’Donnell, Catherine Pitt, Daniel Christ, Danika L. Hill, Colin W. Pouton, Deborah L. Burnett, Robert Brink, Marcus J. Robinson, David M. Tarlinton, Isaak Quast","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing antibodies (Abs) have varied effects on humoral immunity during subsequent infections. Here, we leveraged <em>in vivo</em> systems that allow precise control of antigen-specific Abs and B cells to examine the impact of Ab dose, affinity, and specificity in directing B cell activation and differentiation. Abs competing with the B cell receptor (BCR) epitope showed affinity-dependent suppression. By contrast, Abs targeting a complementary epitope, not overlapping with the BCR, shifted B cell differentiation toward Ab-secreting cells. Such Abs allowed for potent germinal center (GC) responses to otherwise poorly immunogenic sites by promoting antigen capture and presentation by low-affinity B cells. These mechanisms jointly diversified the B cell repertoire by facilitating the recruitment of high- and low-affinity B cells into Ab-secreting cell, GC, and memory B cell fates. Incorporation of small amounts of monoclonal Abs into protein- or mRNA-based vaccines enhanced immunogenicity and facilitated sustained immune responses, with implications for vaccine design and our understanding of protective immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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