IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"EMBC Special Issue: Investigating High-Order Behaviors in Multivariate Cardiovascular Interactions via Nonlinear Prediction and Information-Theoretic Tools.","authors":"Chiara Bara, Yuri Antonacci, Helder Pinto, Laura Sparacino, Michal Javorka, Sebastiano Stramaglia, Luca Faes","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2026.3689598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2026.3689598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessing the synergistic high-order behaviors (HOBs) that emerge from underlying structural mechanisms is crucial to characterize complex systems. This work leverages the combined use of predictability and information-theoretic measures to detect and quantify HOBs in synthetic and physiological network systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After providing formal definitions of mechanisms and behaviors in a complex system, measures of statistical synergy are defined as the whole-minus-sum (WMS) excess of mutual predictability ($Delta _rm {MP}$) or mutual information ($Delta _rm {MI}$) observed when considering the system as a whole rather than as a combination of its units. The two measures are computed using model-free methods based on nonlinear prediction and entropy estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The application to simulated linear Gaussian systems and nonlinear deterministic and stochastic dynamic systems shows that $Delta _rm {MP}$ tends to vanish for target variables influenced by additive effects of single independent source variables and is positive in the presence of group interactions between sources, while $Delta _rm {MI}$ exhibits a higher propensity to display positive values. Then, the analysis of physiological variables shows significant values of $Delta _rm {MI}$ when investigating the additive effect of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure on mean arterial pressure, and of both $Delta _rm {MP}$ and $Delta _rm {MI}$ when assessing how diastolic pressure is modulated by pre-ejection period and left-ventricular ejection time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HOBs can be more clearly identified by information-theoretic WMS measures, while prediction WMS measures appear more sensitive to synergy arising from the governing rules of the system analyzed rather than from pure statistical dependencies.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Quantifying HOBs through WMS measures sensitive to complex structural mechanisms can provide new biomarkers to assess physio-pathological alterations of cardiovascular networks.0.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Compressive On-Chip Action Potential Recording.","authors":"Pumiao Yan, Dante G Muratore, E J Chichilnisky, Boris Murmann, Tsachy Weissman","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3615514","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3615514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scaling neural recording systems to thousands of channels creates extreme bandwidth demands, posing a challenge for resource-constrained, implantable devices. This work introduces an adaptive, multi-stage compression framework for high-bandwidth neural interfaces. The system combines a Wired-OR analog-to-digital compressive readout with a digital core that adaptively requantizes, selectively samples, and encodes the neural signals. Although prior work suggests that action potential recordings can be re-quantized to approximately the signal-to-noise (SNR) number of bits without significantly degrading decoding performance, our results show that the required resolution can often be reduced even further. By matching the number of quantization levels to the electrode's maximum SNR (${lceil log _{2} text{SNR} rceil }$ number of bits), we retain waveform fidelity while eliminating unnecessary precision that primarily captures noise. Recorded spike samples are selected using a mutual information-based criterion to preserve both spatial and temporal discriminative waveform features. A static entropy coder completes the pipeline with low computation overhead compression optimized for neural signal statistics. Evaluated on 512-channel macaque retina ex vivo data, the system preserves 90% of spikes while achieving a 1098× total compression over baseline.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1794-1804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Reconstruction and Tracking for Motion Correction in Image Guided Surgery.","authors":"Zhao Zheng, Jingfan Fan, Long Shao, Xiaocai Zhang, Hong Song, Danni Ai, Tianyu Fu, Deqiang Xiao, Tao Zhang, Yongtian Wang, Jian Yang","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3614666","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3614666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Optical tracking system (OTS) localizes the position of rigid surgical tools attached with retro-reflective markers in image-guided surgery (IGS). IGS uses marker-based probes to collect points per frame, or attaches a coordinate reference frame (CRF) on a 3D camera to indirectly measure the surface of patient. However, these measurement methods involve compressive deformation errors from probes or calibration errors from 3D camera to OTS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper designs a simultaneous reconstruction and tracking framework for the markered tools and markerless surfaces in the indoor environment without calibration between measurement devices and OTS. A synchronized near-infrared (NIR) digital light projector (DLP) is integrated with OTS, and projects phase-shifting fringe patterns to the target surface. Surgical tools and surface are simultaneously tracked in the same coordinate system of OTS. The reconstructed surface is then registered to CT image space and corrects the intraoperative motion for mixed reality guided surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed method is compared with conventional measurement methods using calibrated devices in image-patient registration experiments, and they are evaluated with target registration error (TRE). The TRE of the proposed method is 0.805 $pm$ 0.152 mm in quantitative phantom experiments and 1.328 $pm$ 0.318 mm in qualitative cadaveric specimen experiments respectively, achieving the best performance among comparison methods in the phantom experiments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It demonstrates that our approach has the ability to enhance the registration accuracy and efficiency of IGS due to the noncontact and uncalibrated tracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1758-1770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nearby Metals on Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication.","authors":"Samyadip Sarkar, Arunashish Datta, David Yang, Mayukh Nath, Shovan Maity, Shreyas Sen","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3616233","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3616233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, Human Body Communication (HBC) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional radio wave communication, utilizing the body's conductive properties for low-power connectivity among wearables. This method harnesses the human body as an energy-efficient channel for data transmission within the Electro-Quasistatic (EQS) frequency range, paving the way for advancements in Human-Machine Interaction (HMI). While previous research has noted the role of parasitic return paths in capacitive EQS-HBC, the influence of surrounding metallic objects on these paths-critical for EQS wireless signaling-has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper addresses this gap through a structured approach, analyzing how various conducting objects, ranging from non-grounded (floating) and grounded metals to enclosed metallic environments such as elevators and cars, affect the performance of the body-communication channel. We present a theoretical framework supported by Finite Element Method (FEM)-based simulations and experiments with wearable devices. Our findings reveal that metallic objects within $sim$20 cm of the devices can reduce transmission loss by $sim$10 dB. When the device's ground connects to a grounded metallic object, channel gain can increase by at least 20 dB. Additionally, the contact area during touch-based interactions with grounded metals depicts contact impedance-dependent high-pass channel characteristics. The proximity to metallic objects enhances variability within a critical distance, with grounded metals having an overall higher impact than floating ones. These insights are crucial for improving the reliability of body-centric communication links, thereby supporting applications in healthcare, consumer electronics, defense, and industrial sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1839-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Electrorotation System for High-Throughput Dielectric Cell Characterization.","authors":"Samuele Moscato, Andrea Ballo, Pasquale Memmolo, Paolo Bonacci, Nicolo Musso, Maide Bucolo, Massimo Camarda","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3617496","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3617496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work presents ROT-QSG, a compact, automated, and user-friendly electrorotation system for label-free dielectric characterization of biological cells, enabling applications in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ROT-QSG system consists of three main components: (1) a custom electronic device-Quadrature Signal Generator (QSG); (2) a specifically designed electrorotation chip-ROT-chip; and (3) a dedicated image processing algorithm-Pixel Intensity (PxI)-which enables automatic, operator-independent extraction of cell rotation data. Electrorotation allows the dielectric characterization of cells by analyzing their rotational response to varying electric field frequencies, generating the rotation-frequency spectrum (ROT-spectrum). To ensure high consistency and repeatability, the entire experimental workflow-from signal generation to spectrum extraction-has been fully automated through a dedicated experimental control algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The system was validated by analyzing three immortalized cell lines (CaCo-2, CCD-841, and OPM2), from which ROT spectra and corresponding cell membrane capacitance values were successfully extracted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comparative study revealed clear differences in membrane capacitance among the three cell types, confirming the system's capability to detect meaningful dielectric variations. The repeatability of measurements within each cell line and the observed distinct spectral differences between the cell lines demonstrate its sensitivity to variations in membrane morphology and structural organization.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The system, designed with a strong focus on integration, automation, and ease of use in biological settings, has the potential to enhance dielectric characterization across a wide range of cell types, contributing to a deeper understanding of cellular functions and disease mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1890-1899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tutorial on MRI Reconstruction: From Modern Methods to Clinical Implications.","authors":"Tolga Cukur, Salman Uh Dar, Valiyeh A Nezhad, Yohan Jun, Tae Hyung Kim, Shohei Fujita, Berkin Bilgic","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3617575","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3617575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MRI is an indispensable clinical tool, offering a rich variety of tissue contrasts to support broad diagnostic and research applications. Protocols can incorporate multiple structural, functional, diffusion, spectroscopic, or relaxometry sequences to provide complementary information for differential diagnosis, and to capture multidimensional insights into tissue structure and composition. However, these capabilities come at the cost of prolonged scan times, which reduce patient throughput, increase susceptibility to motion artifacts, and may require trade-offs in image quality or diagnostic scope. Over the last two decades, advances in image reconstruction algorithms-alongside improvements in hardware and pulse sequence design-have made it possible to accelerate acquisitions while preserving diagnostic quality. Central to this progress is the ability to incorporate prior information to regularize the solutions to the reconstruction problem. In this tutorial, we overview the basics of MRI reconstruction and highlight state-of-the-art approaches, beginning with classical methods that rely on explicit hand-crafted priors, and then turning to deep learning methods that leverage a combination of learned and crafted priors to further push the performance envelope. We also explore the translational aspects and eventual clinical implications of these methods. We conclude by discussing future directions to address remaining challenges in MRI reconstruction. The tutorial is accompanied by a Python toolbox (https://github.com/tutorial-MRI-recon/tutorial) to demonstrate select methods discussed in the article.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1900-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully On-Smartphone: Efficient Speed-Up of Sperm Tracking Algorithm for Point-of-Care Semen Analysis.","authors":"Yongbin Zheng, Aojun Jiang, Xiliang Wang, Miao Hao, Han Yang, Zidong Ma, Jiachun Zheng, Yufei Jin, Chunfeng Yue, Zongjie Huang, Rongan Zhai, Junhui Zhu, Changhai Ru, Chao Du, Bolun Wang, Yuexin Yu, Zhuoran Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3615264","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3615264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a lowcost, accurate, and fully-on-smartphone system for pointofcare semen analysis and to address the computational bottlenecks in dense sperm tracking on resourceconstrained devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A portable optical attachment enabling microscopic video acquisition through consumer-grade smartphone cameras was developed. Initial deployment of the Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter (JPDAF) on legacy mobile hardware revealed critical computational bottlenecks, where high-density semen samples ($approx$ 80 million sperm/mL) induced exponential processing delays exceeding 3 hours due to exhaustive enumeration of feasible joint events in highdensity local regions. To overcome this limitation, the Global-Local Integrated JPDAF (GLIJPDAF) was proposed, featuring a twostage clustering strategy: (1) global clustering via a nondiagonal matrix partitioning algorithm to split the validation matrix into sparse submatrices isolating homogeneous association regions; (2) local clustering with a dynamic kmeans++ algorithm (adaptive k based on local non-zero density) to cap enumeration complexity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Validation across four smartphone platforms using 90 patient samples (50-250 million sperm/mL) demonstrated that GLIJPDAF achieved a mean concentration error of 0.84 million/mL and a mean motility error of 0.74%. Processing times per 3s video remained under 120s on all devices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating GLIJPDAF into a smartphone platform enables rapid, accurate pointofcare semen analysis in highdensity samples on resourcelimited devices.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This accessible pointofcare solution has the potential to broaden male infertility screening in lowresource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1781-1793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Supervised Contrastive Pre-Training for EEG-Based Recognition via Cross Device Representation Consistency.","authors":"Meihong Zhang, Shaokai Zhao, Liang Xie, Tiejun Liu, Dezhong Yao, Erwei Yin","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3613730","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3613730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling human brain states. However, the widespread adoption of EEG-based recognition systems is hindered by low signal-to-noise ratios and the scarcity of labeled data. While existing studies often tackle these challenges in isolation, we propose a novel Cross-Device Representation Consistency (CDRC) pretraining paradigm that addresses both issues simultaneously. CDRC leverages self-supervised signals derived from representation distances and is trained through contrastive estimation. Specifically, our approach employs a transformer based dual-branch single-view embedding prediction task, combining with a contrastive feature alignment module to extract robust and discriminative representations. We first evaluate the CDRC model on a low signal-to-noise ratio emotion classification task involving wearable dry electrodes. Furthermore, we extend CDRC to a multimodal fusion setting to address a cross-device vigilance regression task involving heterogeneous physiological modalities. Extensive experiments on the PaDWEED and SEED-VIG datasets demonstrate that CDRC achieves performance comparable to fully supervised methods and reaches the stat-of-the-art results of existing self-supervised methods, setting a new benchmark in this field. Notably, its strong performance on subject-independent tasks highlights its effectiveness in mitigating subject variability. These results underscore the potential of CDRC to significantly enhance the practicality and scalability of EEG-based recognition systems, marking a meaningful step toward real-world brain-computer interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1705-1717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real-Time Neural Decoder for Decoding Perceived Odor Identity Within a Single Sniff.","authors":"Panke Wang, Liyang Wang, Ben-Zheng Li, Changhao Chen, Qin Lin, Anan Li, Tim C Lei","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3616036","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBME.2025.3616036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural decoding is a pivotal technique in neuroscience for reconstructing sensory stimuli from neural responses. This study presents a real-time neural decoder hardware implemented using field-programmablegate array, designed to classify inhaled odorants with minimal latency. Tested in awake mice, the system effectively sorts neural spikes from the mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. It predicts the perceived odorant based on sniff-wise population activities with a processing latency of just 2.36 $mu$s and achieves accuracy comparable to traditional offline neural decoding methods. This advancement holds significant potential for applications in real-time neural decoding, including the closed-loop neural control experiment, offering deeper insights into the neural mechanisms underlying sensory systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":"1817-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound: Design and fabrication for high sensitivity 3D imaging of hemodynamics.","authors":"Stephan Strassle Rojas, Travis C Singh, Jimena Martin Tempestti, Alessandro Veneziani, Brooks D Lindsey","doi":"10.1109/TBME.2026.3689761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2026.3689761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treats myocardial ischemia by stenting stenotic coronary arteries. Wall shear stress (WSS) is an established indicator of plaque rupture risk and restenosis likelihood, yet is not currently used to guide stenting. To address this gap, we developed a forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound array and demonstrated 3D hemodynamic imaging in coronary artery phantoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 3 mm, 172 element forward-viewing 2D array was designed, simulated, and fabricated. Field II was used to simulate aperture performance, and finite element modeling was conducted to investigate element geometry effects on vibrational modes. The array was characterized electrically and acoustically, then used to acquire 3D color flow images in coronary artery-mimicking phantoms using plane wave compounding, SVD-based wall filtering, transverse oscillation velocity estimation, and Fourier sine series WSS estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fabricated array achieved a center frequency of 31 MHz, a -6 dB bandwidth of 60%, and a single-element SNR of 20 ± 1 dB, with 164 of 172 elements operational. Lateral and axial resolutions of 170 μm and 150 μm, respectively, were measured at a depth of 5 mm. Peak velocities of 1 cm/s and 2.6 cm/s were measured in straight and stenotic phantoms, and WSS was derived from these 3D images.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>3D finite element modeling provided new insights into element geometry effects on vibrational modes for IVUS 2D arrays, enabling a 31 MHz center frequency, 60% bandwidth, and 95% yield. This work represents the first demonstration of 3D imaging of WSS using a forward-viewing IVUS 2D array, a step toward IVUS-based hemodynamic guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13245,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}