{"title":"Programmable Shape-Changing System Through Origami Pop-Up Cells","authors":"Sareum Kim;Dae-Young Lee;Je-Sung Koh;Kyu-Jin Cho","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588796","url":null,"abstract":"Developing shape-changing systems is challenging, and origami offers a unique approach by transforming 2D planes into 3D structures. While existing active reconfigurable origami systems enable functional changes—such as mechanical tuning, multi-modal locomotion, and adaptive structures—they often suffer from slow actuation, complex control, or large unit sizes. We present a compact, modular shape-changing system composed of origami pop-up cells that transition between a cubic block and a flat sheet. Magnetic connections enable easy assembly, rearrangement, and repair, ensuring robust actuation. A single 30 mm, 2.2 g cell transforms within seconds. Demonstrations include a 4 × 4 matrix and a 5 × 3 tangible letter-shifting display, showcasing the system's potential for physical shape-shifting applications.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"9136-9143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxing Chen;Songlin Wei;Bowen Xiao;Jiangran Lyu;Jiayi Chen;Feng Zhu;He Wang
{"title":"RoboHanger: Learning Generalizable Robotic Hanger Insertion for Diverse Garments","authors":"Yuxing Chen;Songlin Wei;Bowen Xiao;Jiangran Lyu;Jiayi Chen;Feng Zhu;He Wang","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588048","url":null,"abstract":"For the task of hanging clothes, learning how to insert a hanger into a garment is a crucial step, but has rarely been explored in robotics. In this work, we address the problem of inserting a hanger into various unseen garments that are initially laid flat on a table. This task is challenging due to its long-horizon nature, the high degrees of freedom of the garments and the lack of data. To simplify the learning process, we first propose breaking the task into several subtasks. Then, we formulate each subtask as a policy learning problem and propose a low-dimensional action parameterization. To overcome the challenge of limited data, we build our own simulator and create 144 synthetic clothing assets to effectively collect high-quality training data. Our approach uses single-view depth images and object masks as input, which mitigates the Sim2Real appearance gap and achieves high generalization capabilities for new garments. Extensive experiments in both simulation and reality validate our proposed method. By training on various garments in the simulator, our method achieves a 75% success rate with 8 different unseen garments in the real world.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8922-8929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Dong;Enci Xu;Shaoqiang Qiu;Wenxuan Li;Yang Liu;Bin Han
{"title":"Vibration-Aware Lidar-Inertial Odometry Based on Point-Wise Post-Undistortion Uncertainty","authors":"Yan Dong;Enci Xu;Shaoqiang Qiu;Wenxuan Li;Yang Liu;Bin Han","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588393","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed ground robots moving on unstructured terrains generate intense high-frequency vibrations, leading to LiDAR scan distortions in Lidar-inertial odometry (LIO). Accurate and efficient undistortion is extremely challenging due to (1) rapid and non-smooth state changes during intense vibrations and (2) unpredictable IMU noise coupled with a limited IMU sampling frequency. To address this issue, this paper introduces post-undistortion uncertainty. First, we model the undistortion errors caused by linear and angular vibrations and assign post-undistortion uncertainty to each point. We then leverage this uncertainty to guide point-to-map matching, compute uncertainty-aware residuals, and update the odometry states using an iterated Kalman filter. We conduct vibration-platform and mobile-platform experiments on multiple public datasets as well as our own recordings, demonstrating that our method achieves better performance than other methods when LiDAR undergoes intense vibration.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8706-8713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erling Tveter;Bjørn Kåre Sæbø;Christian Ott;Kristin Y. Pettersen;Jan Tommy Gravdahl
{"title":"Passive Multi-Task Compliance Control With Strict Priority Through Energy Tanks","authors":"Erling Tveter;Bjørn Kåre Sæbø;Christian Ott;Kristin Y. Pettersen;Jan Tommy Gravdahl","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588045","url":null,"abstract":"A robot with kinematical redundancy with respect to a main task may perform additional tasks simultaneously with the main one. Often, it is desirable to prioritize the performance of some tasks over that of others. To create a strict priority between the different tasks, meaning the performance of higher-prioritized tasks is unaffected by lower-prioritized tasks, null-space projections are often used. Null-space projections may, however, cause the closed-loop system to lose the desirable passivity property, which is necessary to ensure stable interactions with passive environments. In previous works, an energy tank has therefore been introduced to compensate for the potential activity stemming from the null-space projections. However, if the energy tank becomes empty when using these previous methods, the performance of the lower-prioritized tasks suffers more than when using a classical, non-passive hierarchical control scheme. Thus, a new approach to handling this case is proposed in this work. In the event of the energy tank becoming empty and unable to compensate for any null-space projection-induced activity, the hierarchy is ceded to preserve the passivity of the system, leading to better performance of the lower-prioritized tasks compared to previous passivation schemes. Output strict passivity of the closed-loop system is proven irrespective of the amount of energy available from the energy tank, and the performance of the proposed method is validated and compared to that of a classical hierarchical impedance controller and that of an earlier passivation method through simulation and experiments of redundant robotic manipulators.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8786-8793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Dual-Adhesion-Enhanced Soft Gripper With Microwedge Adhesives and SMA-Driven Microspines","authors":"Chang Wang;Peijin Zi;Yang Luo;Bochao Song;Tao Zhang;Kun Xu;Xilun Ding","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588391","url":null,"abstract":"Soft grippers are highly valued for their adaptability and safety, but their inherent softness often leads to grasping failure under heavy loads. Most adhesion-enhanced grippers rely on single-adhesion strategies tailored for either smooth or rough surfaces. Lizards, however, effectively navigate in unstructured environments by seamlessly transitioning between different adhesion mechanisms based on surface conditions. Inspired by the hybrid adhesion strategies of geckos and chameleons, this study presents a bioinspired soft gripper that integrates microwedge dry adhesives and SMA-driven microspines. The microwedge adhesives provide controllable adhesion for smooth surfaces, while the SMA-driven microspines extend for rough-surface adhesion and retract to avoid interference. An optimization model was developed to determine optimal link dimensions, enhancing grasping performance in terms of force and radius. Experimental results on various surfaces validated its efficacy. Notably, the gripper with non-backed adhesives achieved 34.9 N payload and 260 mm grasping diameter, marking improvements of 209% and 117%, respectively, over the version without adhesives. In microspine mode, the gripper supported a 20.4 N payload and a 280 mm diameter. In tip clamping mode, the maximum payload reached 6.2 N when grasping a 2 cm block.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8714-8721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CLEVER: Stream-Based Active Learning for Robust Semantic Perception From Human Instructions","authors":"Jongseok Lee;Timo Birr;Rudolph Triebel;Tamim Asfour","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588387","url":null,"abstract":"We propose CLEVER, an active learning system for robust semantic perception with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). For data arriving in streams, our system seeks human support when encountering failures and adapts DNNs online based on human instructions. In this way, CLEVER can eventually accomplish the given semantic perception tasks. Our main contribution is the design of a system that meets several desiderata of realizing the aforementioned capabilities. The key enabler herein is our Bayesian formulation that encodes domain knowledge through priors. Empirically, we not only motivate CLEVER's design but further demonstrate its capabilities with a user validation study as well as experiments on humanoid and deformable objects. To our knowledge, we are the first to realize stream-based active learning on a real robot, providing evidence that the robustness of the DNN-based semantic perception can be improved in practice.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8906-8913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongbin Hong;Yunjeong Lee;Youngjun Ryu;Hyoryong Lee;Joowon Park;Sukho Park
{"title":"Intraoperative Tumor Localization Using Sweeping Palpation in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RMIS)","authors":"Jeongbin Hong;Yunjeong Lee;Youngjun Ryu;Hyoryong Lee;Joowon Park;Sukho Park","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588388","url":null,"abstract":"Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) provides superior visualization, precision, and flexibility, and it has gained recognition as a technology that enhances therapeutic outcomes, particularly in tumor resection. However, this technology has a limitation in that it predominantly relies on visual feedback, making it challenging for surgeons to accurately detect the location and edges of tumors during surgery. To address this issue, robotic palpation methods have been actively studied. Among these, the sweeping palpation method has the advantage of rapidly exploring a broad region. Nevertheless, conventional sweeping palpation methods can only roughly identify the tumor's location and are limited in detecting tumor edges with precision. In this study, we introduce a novel sweeping palpation method to overcome the limitations of conventional sweeping palpation in RMIS and propose a precise tumor localization method based on this approach. The proposed method involves performing sweeping palpation on the tissue surface using the tip of the robotic end effector while utilizing a Laplacian edge detection algorithm to detect abrupt changes in contact force. This method reduces the reliance on preoperative imaging and enables tumor localization to be performed within a single robotic system. To validate the proposed tumor localization method, we conducted three phantom experiments and <italic>ex vivo</i> experiment. These validations demonstrate the potential of our proposed method to contribute to precise tumor resection and the establishment of effective treatment plans.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8898-8905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language-Embedded 6D Pose Estimation for Tool Manipulation","authors":"Yuyang Tu;Yunlong Wang;Hui Zhang;Wenkai Chen;Jianwei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3587559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3587559","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic tool manipulation requires understanding task-relevant semantics under visually challenging conditions, such as shape variation and occlusion. This paper presents a novel framework for Language-Embedded Semantic 6D Pose Estimation that combines natural language instructions with 3D point cloud data to achieve category-level 6D pose estimation of tools' functional parts. By embedding semantic information from large language models (LLMs) and leveraging a diffusion-based pose estimator, our approach achieves robust generalization across diverse tool categories. We introduce a comprehensive synthetic dataset, tailored for tool manipulation scenarios, with annotated 6D poses of functional parts. Extensive experiments conducted on both the synthetic dataset and real-world robots demonstrate our system's ability to interpret natural language commands, predict poses of functional parts, and perform manipulation tasks with significant improvements in accuracy and generalization.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8618-8625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rouwan Wu;Jiacheng Deng;Mingyu Mou;Xingyi He;Maojun Zhang;Yu Liu;Shen Yan
{"title":"UAV-GeoLoc: A Large-Vocabulary Dataset and Geometry-Transformed Method for UAV Geo-Localization","authors":"Rouwan Wu;Jiacheng Deng;Mingyu Mou;Xingyi He;Maojun Zhang;Yu Liu;Shen Yan","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588061","url":null,"abstract":"Visual geo-localization empowers unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to navigate in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environments. This capability is typically formulated as an image retrieval task, where UAV-acquired images are matched against geo-tagged satellite image patches. However, existing datasets are predominantly limited to single urban scenarios and often assume an ideal spatial alignment between UAV and satellite, which is unrealistic in real-world settings. To address these limitations, we present World-UAV, a large-vocabulary dataset that offers: (1) extensive scene diversity, spanning 27 unique geographical categories, and (2) realistic spatial discrepancies, incorporating significant geometric variations in rotation and scale between UAV and satellite image pairs. These geometric transformations pose substantial challenges to current global descriptor-based methods, which exhibit marked performance degradation in such scenarios. We propose UAVPlace, a novel learning approach incorporating geometric transformation encoding modules to integrate multi-perspective transformation features, thereby generating transformation-invariant global descriptors. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8978-8985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuexi Wang;Tianjiao An;Bo Dong;Mingchao Zhu;Yuanchun Li
{"title":"A-C-I Fuzzy Logic System Structure-Based Reconfigurable Robot Manipulators Finite-Time Optimal Backstepping Force/Position Control","authors":"Yuexi Wang;Tianjiao An;Bo Dong;Mingchao Zhu;Yuanchun Li","doi":"10.1109/LRA.2025.3588036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588036","url":null,"abstract":"To address the force/position control challenges under varying external constraints, this letter proposes an actor-critic-identify (A-C-I) fuzzy logic system (FLS) structure-based reconfigurable robot manipulators (RRM) finite-time optimal backstepping force/position control. Unlike traditional force/position control methods, the proposed controller adopts a backstepping framework to construct performance indices and optimal controllers associated with the exponential form of tracking error dynamics. The FLS is employed in place of conventional neural networks due to its ability to avoid predefined initial weights and support fast convergence. This replacement enhances the identification of system uncertainties, the approximation of performance indices, and the derivation of the finite-time optimal controller. As a result, the strategy ensures rapid state error convergence and control optimality in the presence of external constraints. Lyapunov-based analysis confirms that the closed-loop system achieves semi-global practical finite-time stability (SGPFS), and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13241,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","volume":"10 9","pages":"8730-8737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}