IEEE Photonics Journal最新文献

{"title":"Concatenated Vertical Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis for HAP-Based Optical Networks","authors":"Neha Tiwari;Swades De;Dharmaraja Selvamuthu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3434471","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3434471","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we look into the modeling of free space optical channel and design of the HAP-based wireless optical networks. For vertical beam propagation, the pressure and temperature gradients alter with height. Microscale variations in refractivity result in uncertainties that depend on elevation. As a result, irradiance fading variance caused by turbulence keeps on changing throughout the propagation path. Also, the eddies' shape transitions from spherical and symmetrical near the ground to highly asymmetrical and anisotropic at heights far away from the ground. In this paper, taking into account these variations concerning height, we propose to break the vertical FSO (VFSO) channel into parallel layers. We develop a VFSO channel model built upon the cascaded structure of fading coefficients. Correlated phase screen simulation method is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed channel model. Next, a closed-form expression for the probability density function is developed for the concatenated channel incorporating a generalized pointing error model. To demonstrate the significance of this newly developed VFSO channel model in HAP-based optical networks, closed-form expressions for bit error rate performance is also derived. Monte Carlo simulations substantiate that the newly formulated analytical expressions offer accurate assessments of the BER performance for HAP-based VFSO links. For HAP-based optical networks facing weak turbulence, the newly developed expressions provide an accuracy of about 2 dB for a BER of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 as compared to the existing competitive models. This value increases to 4 dB after incorporating pointing errors in HAP-based optical networks. In optical networks facing strong fluctuation regions, the newly developed expressions provide an accuracy of about 8 dB for a BER of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 as compared to the existing competitive model. Similar observations are made after incorporating pointing errors in HAP-based optical networks facing strong turbulence regions.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10613366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optomechanical Gyroscope Based on Micro-Hemispherical Shell and Optical Ring Resonators","authors":"Jamal N. A. Hassan;Wenyi Huang;Maoyuan Wang;Senyu Zhang;Guangjun Wen;Yongjun Huang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3432744","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3432744","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon photonic integrated circuits and micro-electro-mechanical systems enable the design of compact, high-performance micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) gyroscopes, such as recently reported optomechanical gyroscopes. However, effective on-chip light coupling within a confined micro/nano system under vacuum posed challenges for conventional angular velocity measurements in prior optomechanical gyroscopes. Additionally, A core challenge in resonant gyroscopes is directly measuring resonant frequency displacement, necessitating alternative angular velocity detection techniques. Alternatively, this work presents the design of a novel optomechanical gyroscope based on the micro-hemispherical shell resonator integrated with optical ring cavity resonators. This integrated optomechanical device combines the principles of shell resonators and optical ring cavity resonators to enhance gyroscope performance. The high-Q optical ring resonators coupled via evanescent fields from the on-chip silicon waveguide, serve as the basic building block. Overall, the gyroscope design utilizes principles of both mechanical resonators and integrated photonics to address challenges in on-chip light coupling and angular velocity detection for next-generation optomechanical inertial sensors. Numerical simulations demonstrated the optomechanical micro-hemispherical shell resonator gyroscope could attain a calculated scale factor of 77.9 mV/(°/s) and total angle random walk of 0.0662 °/h\u0000^1/2\u0000 for a micro-hemispherical shell mass of 212 ng at an input laser power of 5 mW. These performance metrics suggest the proposed integrated optomechanical gyroscope design holds promise for applications requiring chip-scale inertial navigation, attitude measurement, and stabilization.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10607864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Carrier Injection Efficiency in AlGaN-Based UV-Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"Gregor Hofmann;Anton Muhin;Norman Susilo;Friedhard Römer;Tim Wernicke;Michael Kneissl;Bernd Witzigmann","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3430488","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3430488","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations of carrier transport in aluminium gallium nitride based ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LED) are performed in order to understand injection efficiency for light sources in the deep ultraviolet. With our simulator, calibrated with experimental data from a 265 nm UV-LED, quantum efficiencies have been analyzed. The maximum internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 30% consists of the product from radiative recombination efficiency (RRE) of 60% and carrier injection efficiency (CIE) of 50%. It is found that poor hole injection into the active region and a surplus of electrons limit both efficiencies, and leads to significant electron leakage into the p-side. This leakage is bias dependent, and has a minimum at maximum IQE. Further simulations show that distributed polarization doping (DPD) could improve carrier injection efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10602746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Voltage-Ear – An Anomaly in Photovoltaic Systems With Undersized Inverters","authors":"Ernst Wittmann;Claudia Buerhop-Lutz;Vincent Christlein;Jens Hauch;Christoph J. Brabec;Ian Marius Peters","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3430029","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3430029","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a phenomenon in photovoltaic field installations we call voltage ear. PV installations exhibit the voltage ear under specific conditions where modules generate more power than the inverter can handle. When inverters exceed their power limit it results in inverter clipping, and the solar modules are regulated to operate at a voltage above that at maximum power. This kind of voltage rise leads to a specific pattern in the monitoring data – the voltage ear. In the present study, data from a solar park in France was analyzed. This park featured a high rate of inverter malfunctions, including overheating and fires, resulting in an estimated 5% failure rate and, ultimately, in a complete replacement of inverters. An automated analysis of the monitoring data revealed 32.000 occurrences of excess voltage in 1.65 million data points (2%). Instances of the phenomena were detected and segmented using a K-means sorting algorithm, which yielded a perfect recall value. Analysis of the identified voltage ear conditions showed, that it occurs predominantly during seasons of high irradiance and cool temperatures. Excess voltages of up to 161 V in single strings were observed, increasing the probability for PID and inverter damage. The direct yield loss due to deviation from maximum power point was between 0.02% in January and 0.9% in June. We assume, that the voltage ear is a symptom of system design issues that can result in malfunctioning of inverters and hope that it will be useful as an indicator for identifying design and operation issues.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10601221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Domain Multi-Level Optical Encryption Transmission Scheme Based on Memristor Rulkov Neuron Chaos","authors":"Zhiruo Guo;Bo Liu;Jianxin Ren;Qing Zhong;Yaya Mao;Xiangyu Wu;Wenchao Xia;Xiumin Song;Shuaidong Chen;Ying Li;Feng Wang;Yongfeng Wu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429238","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a multi-domain multi-level (MDML) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) optical encryption transmission scheme based on memristor Rulkov neuron chaos. In this scheme, the masking factors generated by the memristor Rulkov neuron chaos are used to encrypt the information of the digital modulation process, so as to improve the anti-malicious attack performance of the system. Among them, the memristor unit constructs a simple discrete map to capture the complex nonlinear neuronal behavior, and the generated masking factors encrypt the data in the digital modulation process. In addition, the proposed scheme introduces the encryption depth control parameters (EDCP), which can make up for the information damage caused by the complexity of encryption. The selection of EDCP can not only encrypt the data, but also change the distribution of the uniformly distributed constellation points position, reduce the average power of the constellation points, and improve the transmission performance of the fiber communication system. A 9.41 Gb/s OFDM signal transmission over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is experimentally demonstrated. The introduction of memristor Rulkov neurons makes the key space reach 10\u0000¹¹⁶\u0000. The introduction of the EDCP makes the key space expand 10\u0000³⁶\u0000 times. When the bit error rate (BER) is 10\u0000⁻²\u0000, the receiving sensitivity of the EDCP with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 is 6 dB higher than that of the EDCP with 0.9, 0.3, 0.1. The results show that the encryption scheme can effectively resist illegal attacks and improve the security performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10601167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Geometric Phase Metasurfaces to Double the Field of View in Polarized Structured Light Projection for Depth Sensing","authors":"Chia-Hsun Chang;Wen-Cheng Hsu;Chih-Ting Chang;You-Chia Chang;Chi-Wai Chow;Hsin-Chieh Yu;Yao-Wei Huang;Gong-Ru Lin;Yu-Heng Hong;Hao-Chung Kuo","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429348","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429348","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a lucid meta-holographic approach leveraging geometric phase metasurfaces and photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers is presented. Such a straightforward technique inherently enables polarized structured light projection with opposite circular polarization states, effectively doubling the field of view for depth sensing applications. Furthermore, the innate polarization state of projected light provides enhanced resistance to environmental interference. To demonstrate the practical utility of this method, an integrated depth sensing system based on the geometric phase meta-hologram has been developed and successfully detects targets at an operating distance of 75 cm, paving the way for advanced 3D sensing applications in various fields.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10599792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable Three-Mode Converter for Flexible Mode Division Multiplexing Optical Networks","authors":"Mohammad Shuhrawardy;Kazi Tanvir Ahmmed;Chi Hung Yeung;Wei Jin;Liangjun He;Binghui Li;Hau Ping Chan","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3428912","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3428912","url":null,"abstract":"Mode converters with reconfigurable functionality are essential for enabling flexible operation in modern mode division multiplexing (MDM) technology-based optical networks. In this paper, we propose a novel reconfigurable three-mode converter capable of converting the TE\u0000₀\u0000, TE\u0000₁\u0000, and TE\u0000₂\u0000 modes to any desired output mode, such as TE\u0000₀\u0000, TE\u0000₁\u0000, or TE\u0000₂\u0000, for use in MDM optical communication system. Our device utilizes thermo-optic (TO) effects and consists of cascaded Y-junctions and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), comprising two three-arm mode converters and one two-arm mode converter. The analytical and numerical verification of our device demonstrates its efficient operation, and the measurement results align favorably with the simulated performance. Our photonic integrated circuit (PIC) compatible fabricated device exhibits the mode conversion efficiency (MCE) of higher than 92.5% with maximum insertion loss (IL) of 8.3 dB and crosstalks (XTs) lower than −18.9 dB in the entire C band (1.530-1.565 μm). Our three-mode energy efficient and polarization-insensitive converter offers promising potential in enhancing the flexibility of MDM optical networks, making it a viable candidate for future development and deployment.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10599784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation and Compensation for Digital Sub-Carrier Multiplexing System","authors":"Selvakumar Tharranetharan;Sunish Kumar Orappanpara Soman;Lutz Lampe","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429381","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429381","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber nonlinearity is the bottleneck of optical communication systems and is commonly addressed by applying various nonlinearity mitigation and compensation techniques. In general, nonlinearity mitigation techniques offer modest improvements with minimal computational complexity, while nonlinearity compensation techniques provide significant performance gains at the expense of higher computational complexity. This motivates us to propose a joint nonlinearity mitigation and compensation approach in which the nonlinear effects during signal propagation are reduced to compensate for the residual nonlinearity at a lower complexity. Specifically, in this paper, we study the combination of symbol rate optimization (SRO) and perturbation-based nonlinearity compensation (PB-NLC) for a pre-chromatic dispersion compensated (pre-CDC) transmission of polarization multiplexing, digital sub-carrier multiplexing, and wavelength division multiplexing (PM-DSCM-WDM) optical communication system. We highlight the interplay between SRO and PB-NLC and demonstrate that joint SRO and PB-NLC provides considerable performance gain, significant complexity reduction, and an additional degree of freedom to balance performance-complexity trade-offs when compared to applying only PB-NLC in a conventional PM-WDM system. We observe that the pre-CDC transmission manifests a unique property that enables the distribution of PB-NLC computational complexity between transmitter and receiver. Leveraging the distinctive property, we propose a split PB-NLC technique for the PM-DSCM-WDM system. This technique combines the benefits of both pre-PB-NLC and post-PB-NLC, resulting in a modest performance improvement while maintaining the same computational complexity as post-PB-NLC.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10599783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pointing Model for Vehicular Quantum Communication Terminals Based on Line-of-Sight Attitude Measurement","authors":"Zihao Wang;Chao Peng;Tong Zhang;Xiang Liu;Qiang Wang;Shunfa Liu;Yuankang Wang;Yongmei Huang;Dong He","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3428932","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3428932","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular quantum communication terminals (VQCTs) are crucial for establishing global-scale quantum networks. High-precision line-of-sight (LOS) pointing is essential for fast and reliable acquisition in satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD). The pointing accuracy of VQCTs is affected by attitude measurement errors, mechanical structure errors, and structural instability errors resulting from platform movement. By mounting attitude sensors on the LOS of VQCTs, we directly measure the LOS attitude. This completely eliminates the impact of mechanical structure errors and structural instability errors on pointing accuracy. Furthermore, we propose a line-of-pointing calibration method and a pointing model for VQCTs based on LOS attitude measurement. The pointing accuracy of this model is primarily reliant on the accuracy of attitude sensors. Two experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of our model. One is the star pointing experiment, comparing with the existing pointing model for VQCTs, our model significantly reduces the pointing errors by 93%, from 1296″ to 87.8″. This substantiates that our model eliminates mechanical structure errors and structural instability errors. Another is the successful acquisition of a quantum communication satellite, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model for implementing the satellite-to-motion platform QKD and global-scale quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10599795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fairness Optimization for VLC Systems With Liquid Crystal-Based RIS-Enabled Transmitters","authors":"Xin-Yu Zhang;Jian Zhang;Qi Wu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429187","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3429187","url":null,"abstract":"The application of liquid crystal (LC)-based reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted transmitters in visible light communication (VLC) systems can guide and amplify the light emitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this paper, we investigate the VLC system employing the RIS-assisted transmitter, where user fairness is maximized by optimizing the refractive index of the RIS module. To address the non-convex problem, we adopt the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulation results illustrate that equipping the RIS-assisted transmitter in the system and using the proposed algorithm can significantly improve user fairness.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10599796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}