IEEE Photonics Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Moderate Confinement O-, S-, C-, and L-Band Silicon Nitride Platform Enabled by a Rapid Prototyping Integrated Photonics Foundry Process","authors":"Cameron M. Naraine;Batoul Hashemi;Niloofar Majidian Taleghani;Jocelyn N. Westwood-Bachman;Cameron Horvath;Bruno L. Segat Frare;Hamidu M. Mbonde;Pooya Torab Ahmadi;Kevin Setzer;Alexandria McKinlay;Khadijeh Miarabbas Kiani;Renjie Wang;Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy;Peter Mascher;Andrew P. Knights;Jens H. Schmid;Pavel Cheben;Mirwais Aktary;Jonathan D. B. Bradley","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3503287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3503287","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a rapid prototyping process for silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits operating at wavelengths around 1.3 and 1.5 μm. Moderate confinement silicon nitride waveguides and other essential integrated photonic components, such as fiber-chip couplers, microring resonators, multimode interference-based 3-dB power splitters, and subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides, were fabricated and characterized and are reported. The prototyping platform features a 400-nm-thick layer of silicon nitride grown via low-pressure chemical vapour deposition onto 4” silicon thermal oxide wafers and uses direct-write electron beam lithography to define single mode waveguide structures that exhibit losses of <1.3 dB/cm across the O-band (1260–1360 nm), <1.8 dB/cm across the S-band (1460–1530 nm), <1.6 dB/cm across the C-band (1530–1565 nm), and <0.7 dB/cm across the L-band (1565–1625 nm) for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. The reported components were compiled into a process design kit to accompany the platform, which is commercially available through the NanoSOI Design Center operated by Applied Nanotools Inc. with five multi-project wafer runs per year that have fast turnaround times on the scale of weeks rather than months. This provides a route toward the rapid fabrication of silicon nitride chip-based passive and thermo-optic active photonic devices with critical resolution down to 120 nm, making it an attractive solution for entry-level designers, device innovators, and small companies looking to incorporate integrated silicon nitride circuits into early-stage applications of silicon photonics.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10758930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Polarization Demosaicking Via Low-Cost Edge-Aware and Inter-Channel Correlation","authors":"Guangsen Liu;Peng Rao;Xin Chen;Yao Li;Haixin Jiang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3502117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3502117","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and high-fidelity polarization demosaicking is critical for the industrial applications of division of focal plane (DoFP) polarization imaging systems. However, existing methods often struggle to balance speed, accuracy, and complexity. This study introduces a novel polarization demosaicking algorithm that interpolates DoFP images within a three-stage basic demosaicking framework. Our method incorporates a DoFP low-cost edge-aware technique (DLE) to guide the interpolation process. Furthermore, inter-channel correlation is used to calibrate the initial estimate in the polarization difference domain. The proposed algorithm is available in both lightweight and full versions, designed for different application requirements. Experiments on simulated and real DoFP images demonstrated that both versions achieve the highestt interpolation accuracy and speed, respectively, among existing interpolation-based algorithms and significantly enhanced visuals. The lightweight and full versions efficiently processed a 1024 × 1024 image on an AMD Ryzen 5600X CPU in 0.1402s and 0.2693s, respectively. Additionally, as our methods operate within a 5 × 5 window, parallel acceleration on graphics processing units (GPUs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is highly feasible.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10757400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20 kW Monolithic Fiber Amplifier With Directly Dual-Wavelength Laser Diodes Counter Pumping","authors":"Xiangming Meng;Fengchang Li;Jinbao Chen;Xiaoming Xi;Baolai Yang;Peng Wang;Zhiyong Pan;Zhiping Yan;Hanwei Zhang;Xiaolin Wang;Zefeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3502166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3502166","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we demonstrate a high-power ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) based on laser diodes (LDs) directly pumping scheme. Tandem pumping and LD direct pumping are two common schemes for generating high-brightness laser output in YDFL. Compared to tandem pumping, LD direct pumping scheme has prominent advantages such as high efficiency, small size, and low cost. Therefore, it has a significant competitive advantage in industrial applications. We report a 20.27 kW monolithic fiber amplifier with directly dual-wavelength LDs counter pumping. The fiber amplifier emitting at 1080 nm has an optical-to-optical efficiency of 84.8%. The Raman intensity is more than 50 dB lower than the signal light intensity. By optimizing the design of YDF and components, the output power and beam quality of the laser can be further enhanced.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10757396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Entire-Space Terahertz Emission From Gas Filament Excited by a Two-Color Field","authors":"Huicheng Guo;Chengpu Liu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3500358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3500358","url":null,"abstract":"By using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, this paper studys the entire-space distribution of terahertz emission generated by a two-color field induced micro-plasma based on photocurrent model. The spatial distributions of terahertz spectra and waveforms versus emission angle are investigated in three planes perpendicular with each other for the first time, and the results show that terahertz emission mainly focuses on forward direction with polarization same as the excitation field. When emission angle increasing, the bandwidth narrows, the peak frequency red shifts, the emission intensity decreases, and the obtained results are accurately explained based on coherent superposition mechanism. In addition, through comparing theoretical results with experimental data, the correctness of terahertz emission distribution in entire space is comfirmed.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10755969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"W-Band Vector Millimeter Wave Signal Generation Based on Intensity Modulators Without DAC","authors":"Yitong Li;Jianguo Yu;Naibo Zhang;Kun Deng;Guangyao Yang;Ruiliang Song","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3500772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3500772","url":null,"abstract":"We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a novel method to generate an adaptive \u0000<italic>N</i>\u0000²\u0000-quadrature amplitude modulation (\u0000<italic>N</i>\u0000²\u0000-QAM) W-band vector millimeter wave (mm-wave) signal based on intensity modulators without digital to analog converter (DAC). Two N-amplitude shift keying (N-ASK) signals are synthesized into \u0000<italic>N</i>\u0000²\u0000-QAM W-band mm-wave vector signals by employing two Mach-Zehnder modulators, paralleling phase shifters, attenuators and a single optical mixer. In this scheme, DAC and additional digital signal processing are omitted at the transmitter, and double bit rate can be obtained at the user end. Taking the case of N = 2 as an example, we finally used 2-ASK signals to generate 80-GHz 4-QAM W-band mm-wave, and completed its high-performance transmission over a 1-m wireless link. The measured bit error rate (BER) performance can reach below 7% hard-decision forward-error-correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10\u0000⁻³\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10755071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Mode 852-nm Faraday Laser","authors":"Zhiyang Wang;Zijie Liu;Jianxiang Miao;Hangbo Shi;Xiaomin Qin;Xiaolei Guan;Jia Zhang;Pengyuan Chang;Tiantian Shi;Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3501374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3501374","url":null,"abstract":"Realizing always atomic translation frequency output, single-mode, high frequency stability, narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers, is one of the ultimate visions of areas related to quantums, such as quantum precision measurement and atomic physics. A single-mode Cs atom 852 nm Faraday laser, utilizing a corner cube retroreflector as the feedback element, is demonstrated and termed as a corner-cube-feedback Faraday laser. Its output frequency remains close to the Cs atomic Doppler-broadened transition line, and through the optimization of the working parameters of Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), the laser output mode can still remain single, even though the diode current changes from 55 mA to 155 mA (with incremental step of approximately 2 mA) and the diode working temperature varies from \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$11.8 ,mathrm{^{circ }C}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$37.2 ,mathrm{^{circ }C}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (with incremental step of approximately \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$3.5 ,mathrm{^{circ }C}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000). Also, the single-mode laser oscillation can be achieved over a substantial angular range, specifically between +3\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{^{circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000and −3\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{^{circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, where the angle is defined as the deviation of the incident light from the optical axis of the corner cube. Using the corner-cube retroreflector as external cavity feedback element, the environmental compatibility and reliability can be improved due to the precise reflection of the incident light beam back to its original direction. The most probable linewidth is 8 kHz measured by heterodyne beating with two identical lasers. The output power can achieve a maximum of 57 mW at 155 mA. As for the noise performance of the laser, the typical value of relative intensity noise (RIN) at 10 kHz is lower than −134 dBc/Hz. The pahse noise of the laser is superior than the commerical product. This single-mode corner-cube-feedback Faraday laser can be widely used in quantum precision measurement, such as atomic clocks, atomic gravimeters, and atomic magnetometers, etc.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10756729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Precision Piston Error Sensing of Segmented Telescope Based on Frequency Domain Filtering","authors":"Dequan Li;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3497182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3497182","url":null,"abstract":"Piston error is the main component of the co-phase errors of segmented telescopes. In this paper, we innovatively performed frequency domain filtering and processing on the focal plane image of the segmented telescopes with mask added, and obtained the image that only reflects the piston error between each submirror and the reference submirror. The representation of feature image that reflects each submirror's piston error which obtained by this method is the same.Therefore, regardless of the number or the arrangement of submirrors, the single shallow convolutional neural network trained by any of the extracted submirror interference image dataset can be used to achieve high-precision detection of different submirror piston errors.Finally, simulation experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10752339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FSPI-R&D: Joint Reconstruction and Detection to Enhance the Object Detection Precision of Fourier Single-Pixel Imaging","authors":"Hancui Zhang;Haozhen Chen;Xu Yang;Zhen Yang;Long Wu;Yong Zhang;Jianlong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495813","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with conventional imaging methods, Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI) has efficient noise immunity, wide spectral coverage, non-local imaging ability and long imaging range. Leveraging FSPI for object detection holds promising applications. However, considering the imaging speed of FSPI, it is necessary to obtain the imaging scene information in the under-sampling condition. The quality of FSPI reconstructions with low sampling rate is low and utilizing low quality reconstruction results for object detection will lead to low detection accuracy. To address the challenges, a joint reconstruction-detection framework based on FSPI is proposed. The Spatial-Adaptive Reconstruction Network (SARN) is designed to rapidly reconstruct the low-sampling rate image to improve the image quality. The Mixed Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast (MSPPF) and Deformable Convolution (DCN) are integrated into the object detection network to improve the detection performance. Through joint training strategy, the synergy between high-level and low-level vision tasks is strengthened, so as to further improve the detection accuracy. Numerical simulations and real-world experiments show that the proposed method not only improves the quality of FSPI reconstruction with low sampling rate, but also significantly improves the performance of object detection tasks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System","authors":"Yuanxiang Wang;Hanwen Luo;Tian Qiu;Linsheng Zhong;Xiaoxiao Dai;Qi Yang;Lei Deng;Deming Liu;Mengfan Cheng","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3495834","url":null,"abstract":"To counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks, seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system. Integrated key distribution is an important means to reduce the deployment cost, as key exchange and public transmission are performed over the same channel. In this paper, we propose a novel method for integrated key distribution by optical steganography based on dither-remodulation in a bias controller of the Mach-Zehnder modulator. No extra wavelength or bandwidth is used for the stealth channel, which is transmitted together within the public channel. The concealing depth of the stealth signal reaches −36.2 dB, and its steganographic effect provides additional security, which further improves the overall security of the optical physical layer. The bidirectional stealth transmission can support light-weight temporary key exchange mechanism, combined with asymmetric encryption algorithm, to achieve high security and forward/backward security of seed keys. We experimentally demonstrate a real-time integrated key distribution via optical steganography in a QNSC system. The experimental results show that a real-time bidirectional stealth link is established at a rate of 1 kbps in a fiber transmission distance of 97 km for a public QNSC transmission at a rate of 32 Gbps, providing a seed key refresh frequency of over 1 Hz.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The DAS With Deep Neural Network Based on DSR-Net for Fast Earthquake Recognition","authors":"Yage Zhan;Kehan Li;Wenzhuo Zhang;Lirui Liu;Min Han;Zhaoyong Wang;Junqi Yang;Yifan Liu;Qing Ye","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3496559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2024.3496559","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake early warning can effectively reduce the potential earthquake damage and is extremely strict to the sensor location and identification time. Distributed fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) is a novel seismic monitoring system with existing optical communication fiber as sensors and the passive seismic transducers are opt to densely deploy in harsh earthquake prone area, saving valuable time for earthquake to reach sensors. In order to shorten the earthquake identification time and increase the accuracy of earthquake identification at the same time, a fast earthquake identification method is proposed with DAS and DSR-Net (DAS Seismic Recognition Network) deep learning network. The signal time-frequency image samples are constructed to extract signal features, and DSR-Net is used for recognition. The feasibility is verified in natural earthquake monitoring, and the recognition accuracy of the first 5s seismic data is up to 88.29%. As the duration of the earthquake increases, the recognition accuracy reaches more than 93%. This method will be an important reference for earthquake early warning and natural disaster prevention.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}