Chungnyeong Lee;Inkyu Bang;Taehoon Kim;Howon Lee;Bang Chul Jung;Seong Ho Chae
{"title":"Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Handover Strategy for LEO Satellite Networks","authors":"Chungnyeong Lee;Inkyu Bang;Taehoon Kim;Howon Lee;Bang Chul Jung;Seong Ho Chae","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554818","url":null,"abstract":"The high rotation speeds and mega-constellations of low earth orbit satellites (LEO SATs) cause the inter-satellite frequent handovers (HOs) problem which can lead to substantial performance degradation. This letter proposes a novel distributed multi-agent deep Q-network based SAT HO strategy for the LEO SAT networks to simultaneously minimize the number of HOs and maximize the throughputs and the visible times of UEs while satisfying the quality-of-service (QoS) constraints of all UEs. The proposed HO scheme allows UEs to independently and simultaneously perform the HO decision makings based on their own local information, which enables to immediately adapt to the dynamic changes of the LEO SAT network environments. The numerical results demonstrated that our proposed HO strategy achieves the lowest average HO rate and the highest achievable throughputs compared to other conventional HO strategies, while ensuring a higher QoS guarantee time ratio.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1117-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Exact Analysis on Security-Reliability Tradeoff in Downlink Rate Splitting Multiple Access","authors":"Weiping Shang;Zheng Xiang;Peng Ren;Long Yang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554632","url":null,"abstract":"This letter considers the downlink transmission in the rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) aided system in slow-fading channels. Specifically, a source transmits the intended common and private streams both at constant rates to the served K users at the same time-frequency resources, while an external eavesdropper tries to overhear the messages sent to the K legitimate users. In contrast to the existing works, we first propose a novel outage probability definition to exactly measure the outage performance of this RSMA system. Then, based on the proposed outage probability, we take the Rayleigh fading channel as an example for performance analysis, where we analyze the security-reliability tradeoff by deriving an analytical expression for the optimal average sum outage rate (ASOR) under a target eavesdropping probability. Moreover, we also derive a simple but tight closed-form approximation for the optimal ASOR in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of the derived expressions.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1102-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CNN-RAGNet Architecture for CFO Estimation in RIS-Assisted MIMO-OFDM Systems","authors":"Shivani Singh;Sudhan Majhi;Udit Satija","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554345","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a deep learning (DL) supervised model of estimating carrier frequency offset (CFO) for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-assisted multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems without the channel state information. The proposed architecture consists of the convolution neural network (CNN) with enhanced residual (Res), attention and dense gated linear unit (GLU) blocks, collectively referred to as CNN-RAGNet architecture. The integration of enhanced Res block facilitates feature extraction from various received antenna samples and mitigates the vanishing gradient problem. The attention and D-GLU blocks are incorporated into the model to prioritize relevant features and enhance the CFO estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed architecture is adaptable to various modulation schemes and RIS elements, and works on the realistic 3GPP TR38.901 tapped delay line channel model. The simulation results indicate its outperformance over existing statistical based methods and DL based approaches. The proposed architecture has lower computational complexity than the existing methods.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1092-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Hofstadler;Günther Lindorfer;Reinhard Feger;Andreas Stelzer;Andreas Meingassner;Oliver Lang;Andreas Springer
{"title":"Improved Range and Velocity Estimation in JCAS Using Apodization-Enhanced Optimization","authors":"Michael Hofstadler;Günther Lindorfer;Reinhard Feger;Andreas Stelzer;Andreas Meingassner;Oliver Lang;Andreas Springer","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553947","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a novel approach to enhance range and velocity estimation in joint communication and sensing (JCAS) systems using apodization-enhanced optimization techniques. The method tackles challenges posed by nonuniform and sparse resource distribution in 5G sounding reference signal (SRS) configurations, which often cause undesired diagonally located spectral replicas in range-velocity maps, especially in multitarget scenarios. The proposed nonlinear apodization method achieves significant improvements in detection probability, with relative increases of up to 50% in some configurations. However, certain configurations do not benefit. These results indicate that while apodization substantially enhances performance in some scenarios, limitations persist in others.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1072-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Optimization of 2-PolSK in UV Scattering Communication Channels","authors":"Srishti Sharma;Swades De","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3554114","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we investigate the performance improvement of binary polarization shift keying (2-PolSK) transmission over the ultraviolet scattering channels. To this end, we statistically characterize the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the channel when horizontal and vertical polarization are individually transmitted. The received polarization is characterized in terms of its statistical moments and approximating it to be truncated Gaussian distributed. To enhance 2-PolSK error performance, we propose XPD-dependent optimal thresholding. Electric field Monte Carlo (EFMC) simulation is used to realize the channel. The bit error rate results show a significant improvement through our proposed approach as compared to the conventional symmetric thresholding-based signal reception.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1077-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cost-Efficient Joint Optimization Approach for Downlink Multiuser Scheduling and Precoding","authors":"Hongrui Lei;Zhenyao He;Jiacheng Yao;Jindan Xu;Ritao Cheng;Wei Xu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553486","url":null,"abstract":"Joint design of multiuser scheduling and precoding is crucial in downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmissions, which generally involves mixed-integer programming with tightly coupled variables, making it difficult to solve. Existing methods tackle this challenging problem either by employing convex optimization techniques with high complexity, or by decoupling the problem into two subproblems: heuristic scheduling followed by separate precoding design, which often results in noticeable performance loss. In this letter, we propose a novel low-cost joint design approach for scheduling and precoding, which, compared to existing methods, can achieve superior performance while maintaining low computational complexity. Specifically, we formulate an approximate throughput maximization joint optimization problem leveraging signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR). This formulation facilitates the joint design by allowing us to directly determine the optimal precoding in closed forms and equivalently transform the joint design into a reformulation that relies solely on multiuser scheduling. We then propose a low-complexity iterative algorithm where closed-form solutions are derived in each iteration.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1052-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fractional Delay-Doppler Channel Estimation for OTFS Systems Based on Segmentation Technique and Sparse Bayesian Learning","authors":"Xiangjun Li;Yu Liang;Zhengchun Zhou;Pingzhi Fan","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553831","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a doubly fractional channel estimation (CE) scheme based on segmentation and sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) is proposed for orthogonal time-frequency space systems. The scheme introduces delay-Doppler segmentation factors adaptively selected based on channel quality to construct an extended measurement matrix, complemented by a complexity reduction method that makes use of the characteristics of diagonal matrices. Additionally, the received signal is decomposed into two branches along different dimensions, and an SBL combination method with weighted average fusion and a fixed-point update rule is employed to further improve the performance. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves enhanced CE performance and lower complexity, compared with the baseline schemes.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1067-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achieving Uniform Side Information Gain With Multilevel Lattice Codes Over the Ring of Integers","authors":"Juliana G. F. Souza;Sueli I. R. Costa","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3573236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3573236","url":null,"abstract":"The index coding problem aims to optimise broadcast communication by exploring side information available at the receivers. In this work, we investigate the use of Construction <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pi _{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> lattices over the ring of integers <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbb {Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for index coding and establish algebraic conditions on the code generators to guarantee uniform side information gain. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and explicit code design examples.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1739-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial-Temporal Discretization Optimization in the Modeling of Optical and RF Wireless Networks","authors":"Mohammad Khalili;Marcos Katz;Konstantin Mikhaylov","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3573199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3573199","url":null,"abstract":"Many optimization frameworks and mathematical models have been proposed for standalone optical and radio frequency (RF) wireless networks, as well as their integration. These models typically discretize the time horizon into fixed intervals, inherently introducing spatial discretization when network nodes are mobile. Spatial discretization is also widely applied in reinforcement learning approaches. While temporal and spatial discretizations reduce computational complexity, they may introduce inaccuracies, especially in highly dynamic systems. This letter presents analytical upper bounds for the relative deviation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in both optical wireless communication (OWC) and RF, focusing on how grid granularity affects SNR accuracy through theoretical analysis. The results show that, under identical grid conditions and ideal node orientation, OWC experiences up to 45% higher relative SNR deviation than RF. Furthermore, an upper bound is derived as a function of node velocity and time interval, indicating that OWC requires 31% shorter time intervals than RF to achieve comparable SNR accuracy. Simulations validate the model, confirming that the theoretical upper bounds closely align with empirical results.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1734-1738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11014215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive DENM Retransmission for Enhancing Reliability of Mixed V2X Traffic","authors":"Seung-Jae Yu;Cheol Mun","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572938","url":null,"abstract":"Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) retransmission schemes have been suggested to increase the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) for DENMs, they compromise communication performance due to resource collisions with Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) in mixed-traffic environments. To address this issue, this letter proposes the Adaptive DENM Retransmission (ADR) scheme, which adaptively adjusts DENM retransmission resources based on the Channel Busy Ratio (CBR) estimated by the transmitting user equipment. Simulation results show that the ADR scheme improves PDR for both CAMs and DENMs, with greater improvements in congested wireless channels.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1724-1728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}