{"title":"A Pseudo-Inverse-Based Hard Thresholding and PSO-Aided Channel Estimation for mmWave MIMO Systems","authors":"Poornima Sriramula;L. Nirmala Devi","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572984","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate channel estimation is essential for enabling reliable communication in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. This letter presents a novel approach that combines pseudo-inverse-based hard thresholding (PIHT) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to enhance the accuracy of channel estimation. The proposed method capitalizes on the faster ability of PIHT to recover sparse channel coefficients with low computational complexity as the initial stage for coarse channel estimation, followed by refinement of the channel estimates using the PSO technique. Through both computational complexity analysis and extensive simulations, the effectiveness of the combined approach is evaluated, demonstrating its potential to improve the accuracy of mmWave massive MIMO channel estimation. It is observed that at lower SNR the presented method is able to achieve reliable channel estimation.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1729-1733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haowei Wu;Huanyu Chen;Qihao Peng;Qu Luo;Jinglan Ou
{"title":"Performance Analysis of BEM-Based Channel Estimation for OTFS With Hardware Impairments","authors":"Haowei Wu;Huanyu Chen;Qihao Peng;Qu Luo;Jinglan Ou","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572905","url":null,"abstract":"This letter studies the low-complexity channel estimation for orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) in the presence of hardware impairments. Firstly, to tackle the computational complexity of channel estimation, the basis expansion model (BEM) is utilized. Then, the mean square error (MSE) of the estimated channel is theoretically derived, revealing the effects of hardware impairments on channel estimation. Based on the estimated channel, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector is adopted to analyze the impacts of imperfect hardware on the bit error rate (BER). Finally, the numerical results validate the correctness of our theoretical analysis of the MSE for channel estimation and lower bound of the BER, and also demonstrate that even minor hardware impairments can significantly degrade the performance of the OTFS system.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1719-1723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bidirectional Block Decision Feedback Equalization for the Hybrid Carrier System","authors":"Shiwei Zhu;Zhaopeng Du;Lin Mei","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572182","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a novel bidirectional block decision feedback equalization (BI-BDFE) algorithm is proposed for hybrid carrier (HC) systems based on the weighted-type fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT). This innovative algorithm employs a bidirectional BDFE structure in the WFRFT domain, which not only highlights the inherent advantage of HC architecture in combating doubly selective fading but also effectively mitigates the error propagation issue inherent in conventional unidirectional BDFE. Numerical results demonstrate that under doubly selective channels, the proposed BI-BDFE achieves significantly superior bit error rate (BER) performance compared to existing nonlinear equalization schemes.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1704-1708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decentralized Federated Learning for Wireless Traffic Prediction","authors":"Haochang Zhang;Sirui Huang;Xiaotian Zhou;Chuanting Zhang;Junrong Jia","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553678","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless traffic prediction is indispensable for future intelligent cellular networks, as it can guide the resource allocation smartly to boost the usage efficiency. While the deep learning based methods have been reported to have promising performance, they encounter issues such as data privacy and data heterogeneity. To overcome these, in this letter we design a decentralized federated learning based network (DFLNet) for wireless traffic prediction, where a two layered federated learning framework is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the base stations are divided into clusters, where the intra-cluster parameter aggregation is achieved through attention mechanism and that of inter-cluster is realized by reinforcement learning. The proposed approach enables the collaborative model updates to be carried out among the most spatial correlated clients, without involving the adversarial information provided by the geometrical remote clients. Simulations confirm the improved accuracy of the proposed algorithm compared to the benchmark schemes.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1057-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing TTD-Based Wideband Hybrid Beamforming for Energy-Efficient Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Abdolrasoul Sakhaei Gharagezlou;Mehdi Rasti;Mehdi Monemi;Samad Ali;Matti Latva-Aho","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3553763","url":null,"abstract":"Radio frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising technology to charge low-power devices in future wireless systems. In this letter, energy-efficient WPT in wideband systems is studied, ensuring that each device meets its minimum energy harvesting (EH) requirement under both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) scenarios. To this end, the digital beamformer, the true time delayers (TTDs), and the phase shifter-based analog beamformer are jointly optimized. Since the energy beamforming flexibility depends on the base station (BS) antenna’s architecture, the BS employs two hybrid beamforming architectures, sub-connected (SC) and fully-connected (FC) TTD, which charge EH devices in the near-field region. Since minimizing the transmit power is non-convex and decision variables are highly coupled, an alternating optimization algorithm based on semi-definite programming and semi-definite relaxation is proposed to solve the original problem. Furthermore, a matrix scale reduction scheme is leveraged to decrease computational complexity. Simulation results show that the SC architecture performs better than the FC architecture in both perfect and imperfect CSI scenarios. Additionally, the SC architecture decreases convergence time relative to the FC architecture by more than ten times.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 5","pages":"1062-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved Asymptotic Variance of the Associated Rician Phase Distribution","authors":"Jolyon M. De Freitas","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572330","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst many common phase distributions have well-defined closed-form variance expressions, the well-known Rician phase (or Blachman-Bennett) distribution does not have any similar known expression. This Letter presents an asymptotic closed-form expression for the variance of the Rician phase distribution that is a significant improvement on existing expressions and straightforward to use. This new result takes advantage of the incomplete <inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{3}mathcal {F}_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> hypergeometric function. We also introduce a normalized full-width half maximum (FWHM) figure of merit and the information theoretic-based Bhattarcharyya distance in a complementary way, in order to compare and characterize the Normal and the Rician phase noise distribution. MSC 2020: 41A60, 33B20, 33C90; OCIS: 060.5060, 120.3180,17 120.5050.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1714-1718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Multi-Path Equalization With Enhanced Diversity Gain Based on Path-by-Path Delay-Scale Compensation","authors":"Xu Kou;Yanbo Wu;Min Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3569329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3569329","url":null,"abstract":"This letter investigates the equalization challenge in point-to-point single-carrier underwater acoustic communication with heterogeneous time-varying multipath channels. Conventional methods using maximum multipath component compensation or path-by-path compensation with decision feedback equalizers exhibit inherent limitations: the former induces interference causing imperfect multipath alignment, while the latter underutilizes multipath diversity gains. To overcome these, we propose a novel joint multi-path equalization and combining scheme based on path-by-path delay-scale compensation. The proposed scheme achieves dynamic optimization of path diversity gain by implementing multi-delay multi-scale compensation and jointly optimizing the equalization and combining. Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over existing methods.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1604-1608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hala Mostafa;Mohamed Marey;Khaled Mohamad Almustafa
{"title":"Assessing IQE for Full Duplex Relaying Schemes With Unidentified Modulation Forms","authors":"Hala Mostafa;Mohamed Marey;Khaled Mohamad Almustafa","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3572217","url":null,"abstract":"This study tackles the issue of in-phase and quadrature-phase error (IQE) in full-duplex amplify-and-forward relaying (FDR) systems. This problem is analyzed within the framework of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions. We propose a creative approach to calculate the IQE occurring at all terminals, assuming that the modulation type is unknown. Moreover, the channel impulse responses among different nodes are incorporated into the IQE parameters, avoiding the necessity for decoupling, as done in prior research. The proposed algorithm draws on the duplication characteristics associated with FDR transmissions to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of the pertinent parameters. Comprehensive simulations validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating significant improvements in estimation performance relative to the leading algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1709-1713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Channel Prediction Using Deep Recurrent Neural Network With EVT-Based Adaptive Quantile Loss Function","authors":"Niloofar Mehrnia;Parmida Valiahdi;Sinem Coleri;James Gross","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3571930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3571930","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) systems are pivotal for applications demanding high reliability and low latency, such as autonomous vehicles. In such contexts, channel prediction becomes essential to maintaining communication quality, as it allows the system to anticipate and mitigate the effects of fast-fading channels, thereby reducing the risk of packet loss and latency spikes. This letter presents a novel framework that integrates neural networks with extreme value theory (EVT) to enhance channel prediction, focusing on predicting extreme channel events that challenge URLLC performance. We propose an EVT-based adaptive quantile loss function that integrates EVT into the loss function of the deep recurrent neural networks (DRNNs) with gated recurrent units (GRUs) to predict extreme channel conditions efficiently. The numerical results indicate that the proposed GRU model, utilizing the EVT-based adaptive quantile loss function, significantly outperforms the traditional GRU. It predicts a tail portion of 7.26%, which closely aligns with the empirical 7.49%, while the traditional GRU model only predicts 2.4%. This demonstrates the superior capability of the proposed model in capturing tail values that are critical for URLLC systems.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1699-1703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combination for Modulation: Toward Enhancing LoRa Link Capacity","authors":"Haotian Zhang;Yaping Li;Yang Luo;Guodong Sun","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3571808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3571808","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Long Range (LoRa) modulation has attracted much attention from both academia and industry because of its capability to offer long-distance, low-power communication through the use of chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation at the physical layer. However, LoRa is slow in link speed, reaching a maximum data rate of 50 kbps, and unable to deliver adequate data rates. We present Combination-Encoded CSS (CE-CSS), which is compatible to the legacy LoRa. At the physical layer, CE-CSS can transmit multiple concurrent symbols in a single chirp period to increase link capacity, while avoiding the need for complex demodulation processes. The core of CE-CSS is a combination-encoded mechanism that focuses on encoding combinations of all concurrent symbols, rather than only modulating individual symbols. CE-CSS enables standard LoRa demodulation to extract out the concurrent symbols by only one pass of Fast Fourier Transform, without requiring any complex processes or customized hardware deployed at the gateway. The simulation-based experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of our design.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1694-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}