Guangyao Cheng;Zhengchuan Chen;Rui She;Min Liu;Tony Q. S. Quek
{"title":"From Monolingualism to Multilingualism: Deep Learning-Enhanced Multilingual Text Semantic Communication System","authors":"Guangyao Cheng;Zhengchuan Chen;Rui She;Min Liu;Tony Q. S. Quek","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565692","url":null,"abstract":"While semantic communication systems outperform traditional ones, most current research focuses on a single language, overlooking multilingual contexts. This letter proposes two approaches to extend the Text Semantic Communication System (TSC) to a Multilingual Text Semantic Communication System (MTSC). The first employs centralized learning on a hybrid dataset, processing multilingual texts with composite word-sequence indices. The second utilizes federated learning to aggregate linguistic features while preserving user data privacy. To assess the MTSC system, we introduce the Multi-Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (MBLEU) score. Experimental results show that the MTSC can extend the TSC without increasing model size, with federated learning achieving superior multilingual performance while protecting data privacy.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1461-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clock Synchronization Using Fast Matrix Completion-Based Maximum Likelihood Estimation in TSN","authors":"Ruoyu Ji;Fangmin Xu;Shihui Duan;Chenglin Zhao","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565323","url":null,"abstract":"In time-sensitive networking (TSN), precise clock synchronization is an important guarantee for the normal operation of the network. The collection of timestamps plays a crucial role in common centralized clock synchronization, directly affecting synchronization accuracy. However, the exchange of timestamps is susceptible to the impact of packet loss. To address this issue, this letter proposes a matrix completion scheme based on random matrix approximation to recover the lost timestamp information. First, we formulate the clock synchronization problem based on incomplete timestamp information as a low-rank matrix completion problem. By utilizing the principle of random matrix approximation, we can efficiently recover complete timestamp information using partial timestamp information. Furthermore, the recovered timestamp information is then used to estimate the clock skew and clock offset with a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Numerical results confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1451-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Energy-Efficient Mobile Edge Computing in OFDM Systems","authors":"Lou Zhao;Chao Sun;Wei Ni;Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565260","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a novel resource allocation algorithm to enable a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to support delay-bounded mobile edge computing (MEC) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) settings, adhering to per-subcarrier power constraint. The energy requirement of the smart devices (SDs) is minimized through the joint optimization of task offloading parameters, RIS configuration, and the receive beamforming of the base station (BS). A key contribution is that we find the semi-closed-form receive beamformers as a function of the RIS phases. Hence, the joint optimization is decoupled between convex offloading scheduling and non-convex RIS configuration by alternating optimization (AO). Another contribution is that we convexify the per-subcarrier power constraint by exploiting successive convex approximation (SCA), and acquiring a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point solution for the RIS configuration. Numerical results show the superiority of the new approach compared with baseline schemes in energy saving, and reveal that the optimal RIS location hinges on the channel quality differences among the RIS, BS, and SDs.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1446-1450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MSNCIL: A Domain-Agnostic Class-Incremental Learning Method Tailored for Automatic Modulation Recognition","authors":"Zhiwen Deng;Chunbo Luo;Zixi Tang;Yang Luo","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3565561","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of new modulation types in 6G challenges the adaptability of deep learning-based automatic modulation recognition (DL-AMR) models. This letter presents multi-state neuron class-incremental learning (MSNCIL), the first domain-agnostic class-incremental learning (CIL) method for AMR. Leveraging the sparsity of wireless signal features, MSNCIL dynamically partitions a DL-AMR model into specialized sub-models, each dedicated to different modulation types. In each session, neurons are selected based on activation values, trained, frozen, and assigned state values. During inference, the session ID of a test sample is identified, which directs the corresponding neurons for recognition. Extensive experiments confirm MSNCIL’s effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1456-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-Time Digital Predistortion for Rapid Beam Hopping in LEO Satellites","authors":"Yaohua Deng;Zhongliang Deng;Ke Wang;Wenliang Lin;Yiyuan Wei","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564580","url":null,"abstract":"Fully-connected (FC) hybrid beamforming (HBF) has become crucial in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications. However, severe power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities arise due to high power demands. Traditional digital predistortion (DPD) techniques encounter substantial challenges within LEO environments. The constrained computational resources and codebook storage, limited RF feedback, and outdated channel state information (CSI) collectively hinder real-time DPD implementation in millisecond-scale beam hopping. To address these issues, this letter proposes a multi-element spatial DPD framework incorporating a power selection module and single-channel feedback. By storing predistorters in codebooks indexed only by power levels and enabling real-time updates at different power levels, the proposed scheme effectively decouples DPD from beam hopping, achieving robust and low-complexity nonlinear compensation in LEO satellite systems.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1426-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SCMA for STAR-RIS-Assisted UAV Networks: A DRL Approach for Energy Efficiency Maximization","authors":"Benmeziane Imad-Ddine Ghomri;Mohammed Yassine Bendimerad;Hmaied Shaiek","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564715","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-aided downlink (DL) sparse code multiple access (SCMA) uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) network, where a UAV serves as an aerial base station to provide wireless communications. The objective is to maximize the total energy efficiency (EE) of the system. To achieve this, we introduce a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework to jointly optimize the SCMA mapping matrix (MM), power allocation (PA), UAV trajectory, and the phase shifts of the STAR-RIS. The DRL agent is trained using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework over both power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) and conventional RIS counterparts.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1431-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unsupervised Learning for Energy Efficiency Optimization Over CF-mMIMO Under URLLC","authors":"Donggen Li;Jingfu Li;Chong Huang;Gaojie Chen;Pei Xiao;Wenjiang Feng","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564759","url":null,"abstract":"This letter investigates the energy efficiency (EE) of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems under ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) constraints. To improve the EE and satisfy the reliability of each user equipment (UE), UEs are classified into power-constrained UEs and power-tolerant UEs. Accordingly, an unsupervised deep neural network (UNSNet) is proposed, which consists of three sub-modules for extracting the channel characteristics of the power-constrained UEs, the power-tolerant UEs, and all the UEs, respectively. The UNSNet achieves reliability improvement for power-tolerant UEs with minimal impact on EE and enhances EE for power-constrained UEs while maintaining reliability. To accommodate dynamic communication environments, UNSNet integrates online learning techniques, further enhancing the robustness of the network while ensuring that the training process is label-independent to achieve low computational complexity. Numerical results show that the proposed method achieves the trade-off between EE and reliability and has a faster processing speed than traditional iterative methods.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1436-1440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ViT-PLA: A Vision Transformer-Based Physical Layer Authentication Method for Industrial Wireless Networks","authors":"Lei Zhang;Meng Zheng;Bin Feng;Wei Liang;Lianbo Ma","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3564572","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a Vision Transformer-based Physical Layer Authentication (ViT-PLA) method for industrial wireless networks. To this end, Channel Frequency Response (CFR) samples are organized in dual-channel CFR images, which together with request positions encompass necessary information on the spatial-temporal correlation between CFR samples. Further, we design a novel Deep Neural Network (DNN) model consisting of a ViT and two feedforward neural networks to learn from the well-designed training samples. The implementation of the trained DNN model for online authentication is also discussed. Finally, the effectiveness and the generalizability of ViT-PLA are demonstrated on real industrial datasets.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1421-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}