Shuai Zhang;Chao Sun;Ying Xu;Lu Bai;Wenquan Feng;Xin Wen;Yingzhe He;Nanzhu Liu
{"title":"Principal Component Analysis-Based Optimal Feature Design for GNSS Spoofing Detection","authors":"Shuai Zhang;Chao Sun;Ying Xu;Lu Bai;Wenquan Feng;Xin Wen;Yingzhe He;Nanzhu Liu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3557034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3557034","url":null,"abstract":"Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing attacks pose a serious threat to existing 5G and future 6G networks, as they rely heavily on the high-precision time synchronization information provided by GNSS. Signal feature-based spoofing detection methods effectively identify spoofing signals using early and late correlators to extract signal features. However, using multiple features as machine learning (ML) inputs can lead to the curse of dimensionality. To address this, the study proposes an optimal feature construction method. This method uses principal component analysis (PCA) to generate essential features and a logistic regression (LR)-based approach to construct these generated features into one feature, i.e. principal component regression (PCR). The study then employs a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) to compare and evaluate the PCR method against conventional composite features. The results show that the PCR consistently outperforms conventional features, indicating higher spoofing detection effectiveness and the potential to safeguard critical communication infrastructures against spoofing attacks.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 7","pages":"1505-1509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongxu Chang;Qingqing Peng;Guanghui Wang;Guiying Yan
{"title":"A Cross-Layer Scheduling Method for Pipelined Layered Multi-Edge Type QC-LDPC Decoder With Better Conflict Resolution","authors":"Dongxu Chang;Qingqing Peng;Guanghui Wang;Guiying Yan","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3562626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3562626","url":null,"abstract":"For multi-edge type quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (MET-QC-LDPC) codes, the presence of common variable nodes shared between rows within a single layer poses great challenges for the hardware design of the decoder. In this study, a cross-layer update scheduling method for pipelined layered MET-QC-LDPC codes is proposed to achieve improved conflict resolution. Through a probabilistic analysis, we show that by pairing layers with relatively small common degrees and performing alternating updates between the paired layers, better conflict resolution can be achieved than the layer-by-layer updating approach. Experimental results demonstrate that, at medium to low code rates, 50% to 75% of memory conflicts can be mitigated through the proposed cross-layer scheduling compared to the layer-by-layer scheduling approach, without compromising decoding performance.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1385-1389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Node Attention-Embedded Broad Learning Method for Few-Shot Specific Emitter Identification","authors":"Hui Liu;Dengxi Wang;Yupeng Chen","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561934","url":null,"abstract":"In non-cooperative communication reconnaissance scenarios, the limited number of intercepted signals introduces the few-shot specific emitter identification (SEI) problem. Deep learning-based SEI methods are prone to overfitting, resulting in poor recognition performance under few-shot conditions. To address this issue, this letter proposes a broad learning-based SEI method embedded with an node attention mechanism. The broad learning system (BLS) is employed to simplify the network structure, mitigating overfitting caused by limited samples, while the node attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the model’s ability to capture important features. Experiments conducted on a publicly available ADS-B dataset demonstrate that BLS effectively addresses the overfitting problem of deep learning under few-shot conditions. Furthermore, due to the incorporation of the node attention mechanism, the proposed method achieves improved recognition accuracy compared to the baseline BLS model.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1365-1369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Signal Demodulation Based on Multistage Interference Separation for MIMO-OTFS","authors":"Zhiyong Luo;Honghao Shi;Beibei Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3562012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3562012","url":null,"abstract":"In typical communication scenarios with numerous scatters, the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) system encounters various dimensional interference, such as inter-Doppler interference (IDI), inter-antenna interference (IAI), and inter-symbol interference (ISI). These interference present significant challenges to effective signal demodulation at the receiver. To address these challenges, we propose an iterative symbol detector (ISD) based on multistage interference separation in the time-space (TS) domain, leveraging its inherent sparsity. Specifically, we integrate an equalizer before the ISD to provide initial estimates and mitigate IDI. In each iteration, the ISD reconstructs and cancels IAI and ISI, then applies the Gauss-Seidel (GS) iteration method to solve the TS domain equations following interference cancellation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ISD, showing its ability to significantly reduce interference in the MIMO-OTFS system. It outperforms benchmark algorithm in 4-QAM and 16-QAM and enhanced demodulation performance.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1370-1374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversity-Achieving Quadrature Spatial Modulation Aided MIMO-OTFS Transmission","authors":"Jiqing Yang;Lei Wang;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561770","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a diversity-achieving quadrature spatial modulation (DAQSM) aided multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal time frequency space (MIMO-OTFS) scheme is proposed, which can provide both transmit diversity and higher spectral efficiency (SE). Through the design of expansion matrices (EMs), the proposed scheme can be conveniently extended to scenarios with more than two transmit antennas. Furthermore, we present the analytical expression of bit error rate (BER) and diversity analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme compared to related schemes in high-mobility scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1360-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resource Allocation in a RIS-Assisted TDMA Wireless Powered Sensor Network Using UAV","authors":"Omid Abachian Ghasemi;Mehdi Chehel Amirani","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3562118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3562118","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with energy harvesting technology offers a promising solution to enhance the performance of wireless networks. This letter investigates an RIS-assisted wireless powered sensor network (WPSN) where sensors distributed in an area harvest energy from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and subsequently transmit their data to the fusion center (FC) using the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol, aided by an RIS mounted on the UAV. In the proposed model, the wireless power transfer (WPT) time is predetermined as a fraction of the total data transmission time and is excluded from the optimization variables. The objective is to maximize the sum throughput by optimally allocating time to the sensors and adjusting the phase shifts of the RIS elements. The resulting non-convex optimization problem is solved by decomposing it into two subproblems: first, determining the optimal phase shifts; and second, developing an algorithm for optimal time allocation using the Lagrange dual method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Excluding the WPT time from the optimization variables enables us to develop an efficient algorithm for time allocation with significantly reduced execution time compared to scenarios where WPT time is also an optimization variable, while maintaining comparable performance. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the network’s performance.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1375-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Minimization for RIS-Assisted Uplink MIMO-NOMA Systems Based on HBF","authors":"Gaopeng Li;Peiyu Wang;Wei Wu;Rongfang Song","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561602","url":null,"abstract":"Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) have drawn significant interest in the realm of wireless communication. In this letter, the total transmit power minimization for RIS-assisted uplink MIMO-NOMA systems based on hybrid beamforming (HBF) is studied. Additionally, extended successive interference cancellation (ESIC) is proposed. To be specific, users are grouped based on cascaded channel gains and interference from different groups are suppressed by ESIC. For the purpose of achieving minimal power consumption, we jointly design RIS phase shifts, HBF matrices, and the transmit power allocation. As evidenced by simulation results, the proposed methodology requires lower power consumption than traditional schemes.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1355-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In-Cheol Park;Seungju Woo;Jaeyoung Lee;Minha Park;Sangbeom Park
{"title":"Multi-Bit Successive Cancellation List Decoding of Polar Codes Using One-Bit Error Boundary","authors":"In-Cheol Park;Seungju Woo;Jaeyoung Lee;Minha Park;Sangbeom Park","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561246","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an efficient method to reduce path splits in the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding. We construct the boundary consisting of single-bit and multi-bit nodes that have a low error probability within the SC-decoding tree. The nodes on the boundary are considered with only two candidates per path instead of descending to their child nodes. To establish the boundary, we investigate the error probability of multi-bit nodes in the SC-decoding tree. The proposed method reduces the overall decoding cycles by approximately 70% while maintaining almost the same error-correcting performance as the conventional SCL decoding method.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1350-1354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sateeshkrishna Dhuli;Said Kouachi;Abhay Kumar Sah;Stefan Werner
{"title":"Analysis of Exponential Correlation Matrices for Massive MIMO Systems","authors":"Sateeshkrishna Dhuli;Said Kouachi;Abhay Kumar Sah;Stefan Werner","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561089","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an efficient method for calculating the eigenvalues of large-scale exponential correlation matrices by leveraging tridiagonal matrix theory. The approach explicitly factorizes the characteristic polynomial into two lower-degree polynomials, preserving the distinction between odd and even matrix orders without resorting to approximations. The ability to efficiently compute these eigenvalues is critical for optimizing channel capacity, transmit beamforming, and other key operations in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which are essential for improving data rates, reliability, and spectral efficiency in wireless communications. This work derives the approximate eigenvalues using the Cauchy interlacing theorem. It then validates the accuracy of the proposed eigenvalue expressions by comparing them with existing expressions in the literature and applying them to massive MIMO capacity estimation, showing improved precision.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1345-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSB-Based Multi-Target Detection and Joint Velocity, Angle, and Range Estimation in 5G-NR","authors":"Yousef Awad;Abdulkadir Celik;Ahmed Eltawil","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3561082","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to leverage the existing fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) synchronization signal (SS) burst for network-side integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). A novel density-based clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)-based multi target detection algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, utilizing the beam sweeping nature of the SS burst, joint velocity, angle, and range (JVAR) estimation algorithms are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed detection algorithm can reach an overall average detection accuracy of around 0.98 for different number of targets scenarios. On the other hand, the JVAR estimation accuracy are dependent on the individual radar resolution of velocity, angle and range.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 6","pages":"1340-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}