{"title":"Attitude-Based User Terminal Beam Pointing Using Downlink Data Bursts From Broadband Satellites","authors":"Zilan Yu;Xi Chen;Liuguo Yin;Linling Kuang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3579717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3579717","url":null,"abstract":"In satellite communications, beam pointing is fundamental for the user terminal to perform stable communications with passing satellites. The traditional energy-based user terminal beam pointing method tracks the energy of received signals, which requires the received signal to have a good enough signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to search for the energy peak. In this work, an antenna attitude-based beam pointing method using downlink data bursts from broadband satellites is proposed. The proposed method consists of two stages: in the acquisition stage, the user terminal achieves rough beam alignment using a 9-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) as the conventional method; and in the tracking stage, super-resolution time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements are obtained from a phased array antenna with multiple subarrays by receiving data bursts from the passing satellite. The TDOA measurements are fused with the triaxial gyroscope and triaxial magnetometer outputs through the proposed factor graph optimization-based fine attitude estimation algorithm to achieve fine attitude estimation results, from which the optimal beam pointing direction is derived. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves 0.2° beam pointing estimation precision when a 1 ms, 100 MHz 5G non-terrestrial network (NTN) downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is available per second.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1914-1918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Satellite-Based Emitter Geolocation Using Matched Location Processing","authors":"Caiyong Hao;Xianrong Wan;Feng He;Jianxin Yi","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3579652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3579652","url":null,"abstract":"Radio emitter geolocation via satellite-based systems is crucial for global spectrum monitoring and interference mitigation. This letter proposes matched location processing (MLP), a novel technique that achieves precise geolocation through coherent phase measurements from multiple satellites. MLP determines emitter locations by maximizing the correlation between received signals and location-specific modeled signals derived from radio propagation analysis. While extending spatial beamforming principles, MLP incorporates normalized phase correlation processing to surpass existing direct position determination (DPD) methods in both accuracy and computational efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate robust performance in extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments, achieving geolocation accuracy within 10 km at −30 dB SNR. Furthermore, the method’s location-selective phase matching capability enables effective spatial discrimination of multiple co-frequency emitters.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1904-1908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Constructions of Z-Complementary Code Sets Based on Generalized Column Orthogonal Matrices","authors":"Fanfei Meng;Kai Liu;Jiapeng Li;Xinyu Shao","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578954","url":null,"abstract":"Z-complementary code sets (ZCCSs) are widely employed in multi-carrier spread spectrum and MIMO communication systems. This study introduces the concept and construction of generalized column orthogonal (GCO) matrices to develop new classes of Z-paraunitary (ZPU) matrices. Utilizing the equivalence between ZCCSs and ZPU matrices, novel polyphase ZCCSs are constructed. The flexible sizing of GCO matrices allows for a wide range of parameter configurations. The proposed method enables the derivation of optimal ZCCS parameters that are unattainable in existing literature. Furthermore, by designing GCO matrices whose column vectors exhibit low peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR), ZCCSs with column sequence PMEPR no greater than 2 are achieved. This work expands the repertoire of code options for various communication scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1899-1903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apostolos A. Tegos;Sotiris A. Tegos;Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis;George K. Karagiannidis
{"title":"Cross-Band Optical/RF Networks With Zero-Energy Devices","authors":"Apostolos A. Tegos;Sotiris A. Tegos;Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis;George K. Karagiannidis","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578581","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we study a cross-band network which simultaneously utilizes optical wireless (OW) and radio frequency (RF). OW is used for the downlink scenario to simultaneously transmit information and transfer power to the devices, while the RF band is used for both the downlink scenario, i.e., energy transferring, and the uplink scenario, i.e., transmitting information from the devices to the access point (AP). The devices harvest energy from both bands to transmit their data at the maximum possible rate without exceeding the harvested energy. A non-convex rate maximization problem is formulated which, with appropriate transformations, becomes an equivalent convex problem. By solving this problem, the optimal transmit power of the AP in both bands, the optimal durations of the energy harvesting and random access phases, the channel access probability, and the rates of each device are determined.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1889-1893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihao Xue;Zukun Lu;Xiaoyu Zhao;Wei Xiao;Chenglong Li;Shaojie Ni
{"title":"Optimal Power Augmentation of LEO-NA Satellites in Power Inversion Adaptive Arrays","authors":"Zhihao Xue;Zukun Lu;Xiaoyu Zhao;Wei Xiao;Chenglong Li;Shaojie Ni","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578854","url":null,"abstract":"In low earth orbit navigation augmentation (LEO-NA) systems, the power inversion (PI) adaptive arrays tend to misidentify LEO-NA signals as interference and thus suppress them. However, the impact of this suppression phenomenon has not been sufficiently investigated. This letter presents an analysis of the suppression mechanism affecting LEO-NA signals in PI adaptive arrays and proposes a theoretical model to quantify its impact. Based on the proposed model and the maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (MSINR) criterion, the optimal power augmentation for LEO-NA signals can be determined in a fixed scenario. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the optimal power augmentation level is approximately 23.9 dB for a LEO-NA signal operating at the B3I frequency in a single-satellite augmentation configuration.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1894-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RSMA-Enabled Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computation for IoT: Joint Transceiver Beamforming and Power Allocation","authors":"Xiaobo Liu;Ziming Zhao;Xinru Wang;Fei Du;Suiyan Geng;Zhenyu Zhou","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578457","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-enabled integrated sensing, communication, and computation (ISCC) framework for the Internet of Things (IoT), in which a tri-functional base station (BS) simultaneously supports target detection, data transmission, and edge computing. By jointly optimizing the transceiver beamforming at the BS and the power allocation for uplink user equipment, a weighted sum of minimum user rates (WSMR) maximization problem is formulated to capture the fundamental trade-offs among these capabilities. To tackle the non-convex problem, an efficient two-layer iterative algorithm is developed, incorporating sequential rank-one constraint relaxation (SROCR), linear constrained minimum variance (LCMV), and surrogate-based optimization procedure (SBOP). Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and further demonstrate its superiority in suppressing inter-functionality and inter-user interference compared to baseline schemes.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1884-1888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The SINR Meta Distribution in UAV Swarm Networks With Distributed Election Multiple Access","authors":"Yanan Liang;Xu Li;Mingqiang Yang;Fanyi Meng","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3578372","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) meta distribution in UAV swarm networks employing distributed election multiple access. We develop an analytical framework for the SINR meta distribution, incorporating path loss, Nakagami-m fading, and network self-interference. We derive the moments of the conditional success probability, from which both the average success probability and its variance are obtained. Given the computational complexity of determining the exact meta distribution, we apply the widely used beta approximation and validate its effectiveness across various network parameters. Theoretical and simulation results offer insight into the impacts of node density, maintenance scope, and transmission range on the network reliability and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1879-1883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shunfeng Chu;Yiyang Ni;Jun Li;Kang Wei;Jianxin Wang
{"title":"Online Device Scheduling and Model Partition in Hybrid Asynchronous Split Federated Learning","authors":"Shunfeng Chu;Yiyang Ni;Jun Li;Kang Wei;Jianxin Wang","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3577786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3577786","url":null,"abstract":"Federated Learning (FL) has attracted significant attention for its capability to collaboratively train neural network (NN) models across multiple data owners while protecting data privacy. However, FL over wireless networks faces two critical challenges, i.e., constrained resources on the device side and stringent synchronous updates across devices. This letter proposes a Hybrid Asynchronous Split FL (HASFL) framework, which combines the strengths of asynchronous FL and split FL, allowing devices to update the model asynchronously and offload partial training tasks to the server. To further enhance the efficiency of HASFL, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem with long-term constraints aiming at minimizing latency and energy consumption while maintaining the training performance. Furthermore, we propose a novel online scheduling scheme based on the Linear Upper Confidence Bound (EDC-LinUCB) algorithm, which adaptively selects devices and determines the optimal partition layer of the NN model for training in dynamic environments, with theoretical performance validated by a regret analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1869-1873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Beamforming for Simultaneous Proactive Eavesdropping and Communication in MU-MIMO Systems","authors":"Yongjin Jing;Fengchao Zhu;Jiacheng Liao;Lei Pan","doi":"10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3577758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3577758","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we design joint communication and artificial jamming beamforming to guarantee both downlink multi-user (MU) communication and proactive eavesdropping for a full-duplex base-station (FD-BS). Specifically, we aim to maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR) of legitimate communication users (CUs) under the total power budget constraint and successful eavesdropping constraint. The equivalence between the weighted mean squared error (MSE) minimization problem and the original non-convex WSR maximization problem is strictly proved. First-order Taylor approximation is applied to relax the non-convex constraint. Then an alternating optimization framework based on block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is proposed to solve the weighted MSE minimization problem iteratively. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming design.","PeriodicalId":13197,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Letters","volume":"29 8","pages":"1859-1863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}