Human toxicology最新文献_第4页

Government, trade and industry and other preventative responses to volatile substance abuse. 政府、贸易和工业以及对挥发性药物滥用的其他预防性对策。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800413

B I Liss

引用次数: 11

Volatile substance abuse--an overview. 挥发性药物滥用——概述。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800402

R J Flanagan, T J Meredith, J D Ramsey

引用次数: 4

Volatile substance abuse in relation to alcohol and illicit drugs: psychosocial perspectives. 与酒精和非法药物有关的挥发性药物滥用:心理社会观点。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800410

J Edeh

引用次数: 13

Chronic non-neurological toxicity from volatile substance abuse. 挥发性物质滥用引起的慢性非神经毒性。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800408

R Marjot, A A McLeod

引用次数: 77

Volatile substance abuse within a health education context. 在健康教育范围内滥用挥发性药物。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800414

J T Lee

引用次数: 7

Diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning with volatile substances. 急性挥发性物质中毒的诊断与治疗。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800405

T J Meredith, M Ruprah, A Liddle, R J Flanagan

引用次数: 60

An introduction to the practice, prevalence and chemical toxicology of volatile substance abuse. 介绍挥发性物质滥用的做法、流行情况和化学毒理学。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800403

J Ramsey, H R Anderson, K Bloor, R J Flanagan

{"title":"An introduction to the practice, prevalence and chemical toxicology of volatile substance abuse.","authors":"J Ramsey, H R Anderson, K Bloor, R J Flanagan","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800403","url":null,"abstract":"1. Volatile substance abuse is largely a teenage practice; it is estimated that in the UK 3.5-10% of young people have at least experimented and that 0.5-1% are current users. 2. The products abused are many and varied but only about 20 chemical compounds, notably toluene, chlorinated solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, fuel gases such as butane and aerosol propellants, are commonly encountered. 3. The acute hazard varies with the compound, product and mode of abuse. Mortality in the UK is now about 100 per year, from all social classes, 90% of whom are male. 4. Chronic toxicity is difficult to assess, partly because of the diversity of products abused. However it is clear that some long-term abusers suffer permanent damage to the central nervous system, heart, liver and kidney. 5. Toxicological analysis may be relied upon for confirmation of diagnosis, providing attention is paid to the kinetics of excretion and stability in the sample. 6. Responses include codes of practice for the sale of products and educational strategies; legislation has also been enacted. There is little evidence that any of these measures have made a significant impact on the problem.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 4","pages":"261-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13917368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 77

Neuropsychological consequences of volatile substance abuse: a review. 挥发性物质滥用的神经心理学后果:综述。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800409

O F Chadwick, H R Anderson

{"title":"Neuropsychological consequences of volatile substance abuse: a review.","authors":"O F Chadwick, H R Anderson","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800409","url":null,"abstract":"1. The evidence from studies of the neuropsychological consequences of chronic volatile substance abuse is reviewed. 2. Studies of occupational exposure to solvent vapour are of limited relevance when considering the effects of volatile substance abuse because occupational exposure is normally to small quantities of many different compounds over prolonged periods of time. 3. Many studies of chronic volatile substance abusers suffer from serious shortcomings such as the use of small sample sizes, inadequate controls, failure to exclude the possibility of acute toxic effects and a disregard of other factors which could account for the findings. 4. There is reasonably good evidence that neuropsychological impairment is often present amongst volatile substance abusers with definite neurological abnormalities. 5. Although most studies have found that volatile substance abusers without reported neurological abnormalities obtain lower psychometric test scores than non-abusers, it remains uncertain whether these deficits are best explained in terms of a causal effect of volatile substance abuse, rather than a reflection of other factors associated with volatile substance abuse, such as background, social disadvantages or history of delinquency.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 4","pages":"307-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13817001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Use and abuse of volatile substances in industry. 工业中挥发性物质的使用和滥用。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800404

S E Parker

{"title":"Use and abuse of volatile substances in industry.","authors":"S E Parker","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800404","url":null,"abstract":"1. Although there are trends towards the use of 'safer' or non-solvent materials, the overall consumption of solvents will probably not change very much over the next few years. Substitution of solvents by 'safer' materials is a complex and difficult process and the rate of change is correspondingly slow. 2. HSE exposure data show that generally industry controls most solvent use quite well. High personal exposures are not widespread and tend to occur in a fairly small number of premises involving 'end user' processes (mixing, spraying, etc). 3. Exposure in industry is generally to mixtures of solvents rather than single substances. The degree to which abuse is a contributory factor in exposure is uncertain, but there is probably greater opportunity for abuse to occur in 'end user' processes. 4. The experience of the author and colleagues in the HSE supports the evidence for the occurrence of volatile substance abuse (particularly of organic solvents) in industry but the extent of the practice is not known. 5. The proposed Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) will bring greater emphasis on the assessment of risks to health in industry, which must include the potential for abuse, together with appropriate training and supervision.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 4","pages":"271-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13915365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Acute vapour inhalation toxicity of acrolein and its influence as a trace contaminant in 2-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran. 丙烯醛作为2-甲氧基-3,4-二氢- 2h -吡喃中微量污染物的急性蒸气吸入毒性及其影响。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800305

B Ballantyne, D E Dodd, I M Pritts, D J Nachreiner, E H Fowler

{"title":"Acute vapour inhalation toxicity of acrolein and its influence as a trace contaminant in 2-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran.","authors":"B Ballantyne, D E Dodd, I M Pritts, D J Nachreiner, E H Fowler","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800305","url":null,"abstract":"1. The LC50 values for acrolein (AC) vapour to Sprague-Dawley rats (combined sexes) were determined to be 26 ppm (1 h) and 8.3 ppm (4 h). Signs of severe irritancy were present, and death was due to lung injury. 2. Exposure of rats to a 2-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (MDP) saturated vapour atmosphere statistically generated from liquid MDP containing 0.037% AC, caused severe irritancy and death from accumulation of AC vapour. Sparging the impure material with nitrogen gas before atmosphere generation significantly reduced or abolished lethal toxicity. 3. Dynamically generated MDP vapour atmosphere produced transient respiratory and ocular irritancy, but no mortalities. The intrinsic acute vapour inhalation toxicity of MDP is low. 4. The presence of highly volatile toxic impurities in a material may confer a significant acute inhalation toxicity and hazard under conditions of low air movement. Assessment of potential inhalation hazards from liquid mixtures may require investigation by static and dynamic methods for vapour generation.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 3","pages":"229-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13885219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15