IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems最新文献

{"title":"A Smart CMOS Assay SoC for Rapid Blood Screening Test of Risk Prediction","authors":"Po-Hung Kuo, Jui-Chang Kuo, Hsiao-Ting Hsueh, J. Hsieh, Yi-Chun Huang, Tao Wang, Yen-Hung Lin, Chih-Ting Lin, Yao-Joe Yang, Shey-Shi Lu","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2507618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2507618","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-controller unit (MCU) assisted immunoassay lab-on-a-chip is realized in 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The MCU automatically controls the detection procedure including blood filtration through a nonporous aluminum oxide membrane, bimolecular conjugation with antibodies attached to magnetic beads, electrolytic pumping, magnetic flushing and threshold detection based on Hall sensor array readout analysis. To verify the function of this chip, in-vitro Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tests are performed by this 9 mm 2-sized single chip. The cost, efficiency and portability are considerably improved compared to the prior art.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"790-800"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2507618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Circadian and Cardiac Intraocular Pressure Sensor for Smart Implantable Lens","authors":"A. Donida, G. Dato, Paolo Cunzolo, M. Sala, Filippo Piffaretti, P. Orsatti, D. Barrettino","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new system to measure the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) with very high accuracy (0.036 mbar) used for monitoring glaucoma. The system not only monitors the daily variation of the IOP (circadian IOP), but also allows to perform an spectral analysis of the pressure signal generated by the heartbeat (cardiac IOP). The system comprises a piezoresistive pressure sensor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to read out the sensor data and an external reader installed on customized glasses. The ASIC readout electronics combines chopping modulation with correlated double sampling (CDS) in order to eliminate both the amplifier offset and the chopper ripple at the sampling frequency. In addition, programmable current sources are used to compensate for the atmospheric pressure ( 800-1200 mbar ) and the circadian component ( ±7 mbar) thus allowing to read out the very weak cardiac signals ( ±1.6 mbar) with a maximum accuracy of 0.036 mbar.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"777-789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturizing Ultrasonic System for Portable Health Care and Fitness","authors":"Hao-Yen Tang, D. Seo, Utkarsh Singhal, Xi Li, M. Maharbiz, E. Alon, B. Boser","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2508439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2508439","url":null,"abstract":"We present a miniaturized portable ultrasonic imager that uses a custom ASIC and a piezoelectric transducer array to transmit and capture 2-D sonographs. The ASIC, fabricated in 0.18 μm 32 V CMOS process, contains 7 identical channels, each with high-voltage level-shifters, high-voltage DC-DC converters, digital TX beamformer, and RX front-end. The chip is powered by a single 1.8 V supply and generates 5 V and 32 V internally using on-chip charge pumps with an efficiency of 33% to provide 32 V pulses for driving a bulk piezoelectric transducer array. The assembled prototype can operate up to 40 MHz, with beamformer delay resolution of 5 ns, and has a measured sensitivity of 225 nV/Pa , minimum detectable signal of 622 Pa assuming 12 dB SNR ( 4σ larger than the noise level), and data acquisition time of 21.3 ms. The system can image human tissue as deep as 5 cm while consuming less than 16.5 μJ per pulse-echo measurement. The high energy efficiency of the imager can enable a number of consumer applications.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"767-776"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2508439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 9 MHz–2.4 GHz Fully Integrated Transceiver IC for a Microfluidic-CMOS Platform Dedicated to Miniaturized Dielectric Spectroscopy","authors":"M. Bakhshiani, M. Suster, P. Mohseni","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501816","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully integrated transceiver IC as part of a self-sustained, microfluidic-CMOS platform for miniaturized dielectric spectroscopy (DS) from MHz to GHz. Fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm 2P/4M RF CMOS, the transmitter (TX) part of the IC generates a single-tone sinusoidal signal with frequency tunability in the range of to excite a three-dimensional (3D), parallel-plate, capacitive sensor with a floating electrode and 9 μL microfluidic channel for sample delivery. With a material-under-test (MUT) loaded into the sensor, the receiver (RX) part of the IC employs broadband frequency response analysis (bFRA) methodology to measure the amplitude and phase of the RF excitation signal after transmission through the sensor. A one-time, 6-point sensor calibration algorithm then extracts both the real and imaginary parts of the MUT complex permittivity, εr, from IC measurements of the sensor transmission characteristics in the voltage domain. The “sensor + IC” is fully capable of differentiating among de-ionized (DI) water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and alcoholic beverages in tests conducted at four excitation frequencies of ~ 50 MHz, 500 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 2.4 GHz generated by the TX. Moreover, permittivity readings of PBS by the sensor interfaced with the IC at six excitation frequencies in the range of are in excellent agreement (rms error of 1.7% (real) and 7.2% (imaginary)) with those from bulk-solution reference measurements by commercial benchtop equipment. The total power consumption of the IC is with 1.5 V (analog) and 3.3 V (digital) supplies.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"849-861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable Resonant Regulating Rectifier With Primary Equalization for Extended Coupling- and Loading-Range in Bio-Implant Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Xing Li, Xiaodong Meng, C. Tsui, W. Ki","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2503418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2503418","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless power transfer using reconfigurable resonant regulating ( R3) rectification suffers from limited range in accommodating varying coupling and loading conditions. A primary-assisted regulation principle is proposed to mitigate these limitations, of which the amplitude of the rectifier input voltage on the secondary side is regulated by accordingly adjusting the voltage amplitude Veq on the primary side. A novel current-sensing method and calibration scheme track Veq on the primary side. A ramp generator simultaneously provides three clock signals for different modules. Both the primary equalizer and the R3 rectifier are implemented as custom integrated circuits fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, with the global control implemented in FPGA. Measurements show that with the primary equalizer, the workable coupling and loading ranges are extended by 250% at 120 mW load and 300% at 1.2 cm coil distance compared to the same system without the primary equalizer. A maximum rectifier efficiency of 92.5% and a total system efficiency of 62.4% are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"875-884"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2503418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62966122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wearable EEG-HEG-HRV Multimodal System With Simultaneous Monitoring of tES for Mental Health Management","authors":"U. Ha, Yongsu Lee, Hyunki Kim, Taehwan Roh, Joonsung Bae, Changhyeon Kim, H. Yoo","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2504959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2504959","url":null,"abstract":"A multimodal mental management system in the shape of the wearable headband and earplugs is proposed to monitor electroencephalography (EEG), hemoencephalography (HEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) for accurate mental health monitoring. It enables simultaneous transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) together with real-time monitoring. The total weight of the proposed system is less than 200 g. The multi-loop low-noise amplifier (MLLNA) achieves over 130 dB CMRR for EEG sensing and the capacitive correlated-double sampling transimpedance amplifier (CCTIA) has low-noise characteristics for HEG and HRV sensing. Measured three-physiology domains such as neural, vascular and autonomic domain signals are combined with canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and temporal kernel canonical correlation analysis (tkCCA) algorithm to find the neural-vascular-autonomic coupling. It supports highly accurate classification with the 19% maximum improvement with multimodal monitoring. For the multi-channel stimulation functionality, after-effects maximization monitoring and sympathetic nerve disorder monitoring, the stimulator is designed as reconfigurable. The 3.37 × 2.25 mm 2 chip has 2-channel EEG sensor front-end, 2-channel NIRS sensor front-end, NIRS current driver to drive dual-wavelength VCSEL and 6-b DAC current source for tES mode. It dissipates 24 mW with 2 mA stimulation current and 5 mA NIRS driver current.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"758-766"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2504959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62966141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Modality CMOS Sensor Array for Cell-Based Assay and Drug Screening","authors":"T. Chi, Jong Seok Park, J. Butts, Tracy A. Hookway, Amy Su, Chengjie Zhu, Mark P. Styczynski, T. McDevitt, Hua Wang","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2504984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2504984","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a fully integrated multi-modality CMOS cellular sensor array with four sensing modalities to characterize different cell physiological responses, including extracellular voltage recording, cellular impedance mapping, optical detection with shadow imaging and bioluminescence sensing, and thermal monitoring. The sensor array consists of nine parallel pixel groups and nine corresponding signal conditioning blocks. Each pixel group comprises one temperature sensor and 16 tri-modality sensor pixels, while each tri-modality sensor pixel can be independently configured for extracellular voltage recording, cellular impedance measurement (voltage excitation/current sensing), and optical detection. This sensor array supports multi-modality cellular sensing at the pixel level, which enables holistic cell characterization and joint-modality physiological monitoring on the same cellular sample with a pixel resolution of 80 μm×100 μm. Comprehensive biological experiments with different living cell samples demonstrate the functionality and benefit of the proposed multi-modality sensing in cell-based assay and drug screening.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"63 1","pages":"801-814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2504984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PWM Buck Converter With Load-Adaptive Power Transistor Scaling Scheme Using Analog-Digital Hybrid Control for High Energy Efficiency in Implantable Biomedical Systems","authors":"Sung-Yun Park, Jihyun Cho, Kyuseok Lee, E. Yoon","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501304","url":null,"abstract":"We report a pulse width modulation (PWM) buck converter that is able to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >80% in light loads (<;100 μA) for implantable biomedical systems. In order to achieve a high PCE for the given light loads, the buck converter adaptively reconfigures the size of power PMOS and NMOS transistors and their gate drivers in accordance with load currents, while operating at a fixed frequency of 1 MHz. The buck converter employs the analog-digital hybrid control scheme for coarse/fine adjustment of power transistors. The coarse digital control generates an approximate duty cycle necessary for driving a given load and selects an appropriate width of power transistors to minimize redundant power dissipation. The fine analog control provides the final tuning of the duty cycle to compensate for the error from the coarse digital control. The mode switching between the analog and digital controls is accomplished by a mode arbiter which estimates the average of duty cycles for the given load condition from limit cycle oscillations (LCO) induced by coarse adjustment. The fabricated buck converter achieved a peak efficiency of 86.3% at 1.4 mA and >80% efficiency for a wide range of load conditions from 45 μA to 4.1 mA, while generating 1 V output from 2.5-3.3 V supply. The converter occupies 0.375 mm2 in 0.18 μm CMOS processes and requires two external components: 1.2 μF capacitor and 6.8 μH inductor.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"885-895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Semi-Digital Transimpedance Amplifier With Noise Cancellation Technique for Nanopore-Based DNA Sequencing","authors":"Chung-Lun Hsu, Haowei Jiang, A. Venkatesh, D. Hall","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2496232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2496232","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, nanopores have been a promising technology for next generation deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. Here, we present a hybrid semi-digital transimpedance amplifier (HSD-TIA) to sense the minute current signatures introduced by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) translocating through a nanopore, while discharging the baseline current using a semi-digital feedback loop. The amplifier achieves fast settling by adaptively tuning a DC compensation current when a step input is detected. A noise cancellation technique reduces the total input-referred current noise caused by the parasitic input capacitance. Measurement results show the performance of the amplifier with 31.6 M Ω mid-band gain, 950 kHz bandwidth, and 8.5 fA/ √Hz input-referred current noise, a 2× noise reduction due to the noise cancellation technique. The settling response is demonstrated by observing the insertion of a protein nanopore in a lipid bilayer. Using the nanopore, the HSD-TIA was able to measure ssDNA translocation events.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"652-661"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2496232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Microelectrode Arrays Using Electroless Plating for CMOS-Based Direct Counting of Bacterial and HeLa Cells","authors":"K. Niitsu, S. Ota, Kohei Gamo, H. Kondo, M. Hori, K. Nakazato","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2479656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2479656","url":null,"abstract":"The development of two new types of high-density, electroless plated microelectrode arrays for CMOS-based high-sensitivity direct bacteria and HeLa cell counting are presented. For emerging high-sensitivity direct pathogen counting, two technical challenges must be addressed. One is the formation of a bacteria-sized microelectrode, and the other is the development of a high-sensitivity and high-speed amperometry circuit. The requirement for microelectrode formation is that the gold microelectrodes are required to be as small as the target cell. By improving a self-aligned electroless plating technique, the dimensions of the microelectrodes on a CMOS sensor chip in this work were successfully reduced to 1.2 μm × 2.05 μm. This is 1/20th of the smallest size reported in the literature. Since a bacteria-sized microelectrode has a severe limitation on the current flow, the amperometry circuit has to have a high sensitivity and high speed with low noise. In this work, a current buffer was inserted to mitigate the potential fluctuation. Three test chips were fabricated using a 0.6- μm CMOS process: two with 1.2 μm × 2.05 μm (1024 × 1024 and 4 × 4) sensor arrays and one with 6- μm square (16 × 16) sensor arrays; and the microelectrodes were formed on them using electroless plating. The uniformity among the 1024 × 1024 electrodes arranged with a pitch of 3.6 μm × 4.45 μm was optically verified. For improving sensitivity, the trenches on each microelectrode were developed and verified optically and electrochemically for the first time. Higher sensitivity can be achieved by introducing a trench structure than by using a conventional microelectrode formed by contact photolithography. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements obtained using the 1.2 μm × 2.05 μm 4 × 4 and 6- μm square 16 × 16 sensor array with electroless-plated microelectrodes successfully demonstrated direct counting of the bacteria-sized microbeads and HeLa cells.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"607-619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2479656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62964354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}