IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Application of Flex-QA Arrays in HTS Magnet Testing","authors":"Stoyan Stoynev;Vadim V. Kashikhin;Sean Cohan;Joe DiMarco;Oliver Kiemschies;Steve Krave;Nghia Mai;Umesh Sambangi;Venkat Selvamanickam","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3534179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3534179","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible PCB quench antennas have been very useful in providing high-quality high-resolution data in low temperature superconducting magnet tests. Similar multi-sensor arrays have been employed recently to cover a high temperature superconductor magnet tested at FNAL. In the present work, data taking conditions and magnet features to support the analysis framework are discussed. Then observations made during complete magnet powering cycles are described and analysis of quench antenna data are presented. Based on results, improvements to instrumentation and data taking are debated. Views on the future of flexible quench antenna sensors for HTS magnet diagnostics and operational support are shared.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Topology With the Combination of Superconducting Magnet and Permanent Magnet for the Propulsion Motor of eVTOL Aircraft","authors":"Xinhong Gao;Yuanzhi Zhang;Haiyang Fang;Dawei Li;Yi Cheng;Ronghai Qu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3537066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3537066","url":null,"abstract":"The high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape can bring significant improvement to the performance of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft's propulsion motor. However, it requires cryogenic environment to function normally, which causes a huge amount of cryogenic loss. Meanwhile, the motor outputs different levels of torque during a flight mission and the difference can be up to tens of time. In this paper, permanent magnet auxiliary excitation structure (PMAES) is investigated for eVTOL aircraft's propulsion motor. In the proposed design, superconducting magnet (SM) is utilized as main excitation unit to achieve a higher torque density while permanent magnet (PM) is adopted to form PMAES. SM and PMAES operate during machine's high-load condition, and SM is shut off during the low-load condition to eliminate loss caused by the operation of SM's current lead. With such a structure, the HTS material can be utilized to extract the optimal performance of the machine while reducing the cryogenic losses when possible. Four topologies with PMAES are studied, and it is found axial flux superconducting machine (AFSCM) with radial permanent magnet auxiliary excitation structure (RPMAES) has the best performance and ability to significantly reduces the energy consumption of the motor during a complete flight mission.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Circuit Analysis of a Fully Superconducting 10 MW Wind Generator","authors":"Jannis Sindram;Matthias Kalla;Sebastian Lengsfeld;Marco Jung","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3537948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3537948","url":null,"abstract":"Transient short circuit simulations of conventional machines are well known and offer the possibility of predicting the short circuit behavior of a machine with a high degree of accuracy. Although the ohmic resistance in the superconducting state is negligible, the non-linearity during quenching is difficult to integrate into a model. In order to predict the thermal or mechanical destruction of the superconductor, calculation models are required that take into account the classic machine models and the physical behavior of the superconductor. This paper presents an extended calculation model with a transient finite element (FE) simulation for a fully superconducting wind generator. The model considers the critical current of a superconductor with the influence of the layer structure of the High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tape. In addition, an analytical calculation model is presented, which is compared with the FE model.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Calcium Doping on BaZrO3 / YBa2Cu3O7-δ Multilayer Film Properties Over a Range of Film Thickness","authors":"Mary Ann Sebastian;Charlie Ebbing;Victor Ogunjimi;Mohan Panth;Aafiya;Judy Wu;Di Zhang;Motteo Moceri;Jianan Shen;Haiyan Wang;Timothy Haugan","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540827","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{BaZrO}_{3},(text{BZO})$</tex-math></inline-formula> nanorods in <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{YBa}_{2}text{Cu}_{3}text{O}_{7-delta },(text{YBCO})$</tex-math></inline-formula> thin films has resulted in increased flux pinning and current density of the superconducting films. The lattice mismatch between the BZO nanorods and the YBCO matrix, however, leads to a defective interface, which inhibits attaining optimum performance. Our previous research has shown that inserting Ca doped YBCO space layers between layers of BZO doped YBCO in multilayer films produced by pulsed laser deposition, has the ability to repair this interface, leading to improved performance. This research further explores the degree of this interface repair and limits that may exist as the BZO/YBCO layer thickness is increased beyond 50 nm. Magnetic current density and flux pinning will be measured for temperatures ranging from 5 K–65 K and fields from 0–9 Tesla, presenting results applicable for high temperature and low field, mid temperature and mid field, and low temperature high field applications.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Pole Pitch on the Performance of Superconducting Machines for Various Applications","authors":"Dong Liu;Jiaxi Lin;Lassi Aarniovuori","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540818","url":null,"abstract":"High temperature superconducting (HTS) machines have been proposed for drive train applications which require a high torque density or high specific power, such as wind turbines or electric aircraft. The thickness of the cryostat wall and the thermal insulation included in the magnetic air gap highly affects the torque production of a partially HTS machine. The paper aims at 1) discovering how the magnetic air gap length and pole pitch are selected by varying their ratio <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and 2) revealing the effects of the ratio on various applications of partially HTS machines. The research does not depend on specific design of the cryostat and thermal insulation but models them as a part of the magnetic air gap length. The ratio <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> was selected to cover a wide range of design possibilities. Four topologies were compared to see their suitability for different ratios of <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Both a distributed winding and a concentrated winding were considered. Compared to the distributed winding, the concentrated winding is more sensitive to the change of <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> because the pole pitch is relatively small. A smaller pole pitch allows for more options of topologies especially for the concentrated winding if the minimum <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be small enough. If the minimum <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is too large, the distributed winding option may be better because of its less sensitivity to a rising <inline-formula><tex-math>$g_{mathrm{{mag}}}/tau _{mathrm{{p}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Regarding applications, more topology options are available for HTS machines with a small pole pitch, such as high-speed propulsion motors. In this case, iron stator and non-iron teeth topologies may also be considered in addition to the fully iron topology. The topology option space is quite limited for HTS machines with a large pole pitch, such as wind turbine generators. In this application, the fully iron topology is still most torque-productive.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10882965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Behavior of the Second Fusillo Subscale Curved CCT Magnet","authors":"M. Wozniak;A. Devred;R. Ferriere;A. Haziot;F. J. Mangiarotti;G. Kirby;M. Pentella;C. Petrone;E. Ravaioli;A. Verweij","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540828","url":null,"abstract":"The Fusillo project at CERN aims to design and build a demonstrator magnet with multi-harmonic corrected fields in a 90°, curved, Canted-Cosine-Theta magnet. Two subscale magnets are built with 30° bending, about 1/30 of the demonstrator conductor length, and increased current to reach coil stresses equivalent to those of the demonstrator. These magnets enable qualification of the technology developments, fabrication methods, winding and assembly procedures, magnetic and quench protection design and measurement setups. The second Fusillo subscale magnet had dedicated instrumentation, including temperature sensors, a heater on the aluminium formers, and a set of sensing coils positioned in the curved bore. The magnet voltage and current were also measured. A specific powering sequence was applied to the magnet, including forced energy extractions. The eddy currents and heat propagation in the formers and the windings are simulated in three dimensions. A cooperative simulation approach was used, which involves tools developed at CERN as part of the STEAM framework: FiQuS, a finite element-based tool, and LEDET, a finite difference-based tool. The measurement results are compared with simulations, and the key aspects of the magnet transient behaviour are discussed. The simulation model inputs are refined using the measurement results, and the methodology for doing this is presented.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10882959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Strength Enhancement of the Internal Matrix Reinforced Nb3Sn Multifilamentary Wires Using Cu-Sn-In Ternary Bronze Alloy Matrices by HIP Processing","authors":"Y. Hishinuma;H. Oguro;H. Noto;H. Yata;H. Taniguchi;S. Awaji;A. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540804","url":null,"abstract":"We are approaching to high mechanical strength of bronze processed Nb₃Sn wire by internal matrix reinforcement using Cu-Sn-In ternary alloy. The In solute element remained homogeneously in the wire matrix after Nb₃Sn synthesis, and it contributed to transforming (Cu, In) solid solutions. And (Cu, In) solid solution acted as the protective material of Nb₃Sn phase and contributed to improving the mechanical strength of the Nb₃Sn wire. In this study, we investigated the Hot Isostatic Press (HIP) treatment on the further mechanical strength improvement of internal matrix reinforced Nb₃Sn wire. Tensile stress and strain sensitivities of transport critical current (<inline-formula><tex-math>$I_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) property were enhanced by HIP processing because many micro-sized vacancies, which were the origin points of the fatigue on the (Cu, In) matrix, were removed. We found the HIP treatment contributes to mechanical strength enhancement of the internal matrix reinforced Nb₃Sn wire.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for an Alternative Criterion for Critical Current in HTS Coils","authors":"Sung-Kyu Kim;Changhyung Lee;Junil Kim;Hongsoo Ha","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540723","url":null,"abstract":"The critical current represents a fundamental performance of superconducting coils and their applications. It defines the limit of the ability to transfer current as a superconductor. Despite the disparate magnetic field environments experienced by HTS wires when current flows through HTS wire or coil, the identical criteria are used to define the critical current. The criteria employed in research papers over the past decade were reviewed and ambiguities were identified. To further clarify the criteria, the critical current of an HTS coil was estimated using FEM simulation, and an alternative method and criterion for determining the critical current was proposed. The HTS coil was wound, and the critical current was measured and compared using the conventional of 100 μV/m and proposed criteria. The results were discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Quench Analysis and Mechanical Considerations for No-Insulation HTS Racetrack Field Coils in a 5 MW Superconducting Motor","authors":"JuKyung Cha;Geonyoung Kim;Chaemin Im;Jonghoon Yoon;Jaheum Koo;Seungyong Hahn","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540783","url":null,"abstract":"High-power-density superconducting motors are essential for the electrification of transportation systems. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) motors with no-insulation (NI) windings have advantages in achieving high current density, stability, and protection. In this paper, a 5 MW motor is designed, featuring high-energy NI HTS field coils. A post-quench analysis was conducted to investigate its characteristics. Considering critical current and mutual inductance, a lumped circuit model was used to simulate the quench. Thermal modeling was performed to evaluate the temperature rise. Simulation results show an azimuthal overcurrent of 130% of the operating current and a temperature rise of 117 K. Stress analysis for each racetrack coil was conducted, revealing a maximum hoop stress of 882 MPa, which can lead to the degradation of the critical current. To reinforce the racetrack coils, the required preload was calculated, reducing the stress to 463 MPa.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetization in ReBCO-Based CORC Cables in Magnetic Fields up to 30 T for Accelerator Applications","authors":"T. Garg;J. Jaroszynski;E.S. Choi;M.D. Sumption;M. Majoros;E.W. Collings","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540991","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents experimental measurements of the magnetization of ReBCO CORC cables in magnetic fields up to 30 T at 4.2 K. Such data are relevant for accelerator, fusion, and other potential applications. The cable was comprised of 29 ReBCO tapes, with a cable OD of 3.63 mm and cable pitch of 7.16 mm. The tapes were 2 mm wide, had a substrate thickness of 30 µm, and a Cu plating thickness of 5 µm. The cable had an <inline-formula><tex-math>${I}_{mathrm{c}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 1675 A at 77 K and self-field. The CORC cable was received from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) with ID 170131-Berkeley. We used a susceptibility technique, with the NHMFL's Bitter (resistive) magnet acting as the primary coil. We constructed a sample holder with a pick-up coil (secondary) as well as a compensation coil. The CORC cables were measured first as a single and then a three-stack CORC, placed with the field perpendicular to the conductor length. Magnetization (M) versus applied magnetic field (μ₀H) was measured for field sweeps with amplitudes up to ± 30 T. Additionally, “accelerator-like” magnetic cycles were performed. Here, the field, initially at some low (1 T) “injection” field was increased to the maximum (“collision”) field, ramped back to some hold field near zero (<inline-formula><tex-math>${B}_{mathrm{h}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), and then increased to the nominal injection field again, mimicking operational conditions relevant to particle accelerators. The magnetization at injection (taken here as 1 T) was observed to be ≅ 1100 kA/m. Furthermore, the penetration field (<inline-formula><tex-math>${B}_{mathrm{p}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), which defines the point at which flux reaches the center of the conductor, was found to increase from 1.2 to 2 T when we moved from a single-stack to a three-stack of cables. These measurements are important for understanding the CORC cable's implementation in high-field applications such as particle accelerators.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}