IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Performance Improvement of LTS Undulators for Synchrotron Light Sources","authors":"Emanuela Barzi;Masaki Takeuchi;Daniele Turrioni;Akihiro Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3540817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3540817","url":null,"abstract":"The joint expertise of ANL and FNAL has led to the production of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{Nb}_{3}text{Sn}$</tex-math></inline-formula> undulator magnets in operation in the ANL Advanced Photon Source (APS). These magnets showed performance reproducibility close to the short sample limit, and a design field increase of 20% at 820 A. However, the long training did not allow obtaining the expected 50% increase of the on-axis magnetic field with respect to the ∼1 T produced at 450 A current in the ANL NbTi undulator. To address this, 10-pole long undulator prototypes were fabricated, and CTD-101K was replaced as impregnation material with TELENE, an organic olefin-based thermosetting dicyclopentadiene resin produced by RIMTEC Corporation, Japan. Training and magnet retraining after a thermal cycle were nearly eliminated, with only a couple of quenches needed before reaching short sample limit at over 1,100 A. TELENE will enable operation of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{Nb}_{3}text{Sn}$</tex-math></inline-formula> undulators much closer to their short sample limit, expanding the energy range and brightness intensity of light sources. TELENE is Co-60 gamma radiation resistant up to 7–8 MGy, and therefore already applicable to impregnate planar, helical and universal devices operating in lower radiation environments than high energy colliders.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Leads Test for FECR Cryostat","authors":"Xudong Wang;Zian Zhu;Shijun Zheng;Dongsheng Ni;Li Zhu;Lishi Wang;Yue Cheng;Xiangqi Qin;Qinggao Yao;Liangting Sun","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3551635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3551635","url":null,"abstract":"To fulfill the normal operational requirements of the fourth generation electron cyclotron resonance ion source (FECR) superconducting magnet, a cryostat in the form of liquid helium immersion was designed based on several Giffod McMahon cryocoolers. Considering the substantial number of current leads (a total of 9) and the high current value (with the maximum current of 709 A) of the superconducting magnet, a dedicated current lead test platform was designed and constructed to ensure operational stability and thermal management of the cryostat. This platform was utilized to conduct comprehensive tests on the high temperature superconductivity (HTS) leads and room temperature copper leads intended for use in the cryostat, including quantitative evaluation of conductive heating load and Joule heating load under operational conditions. The test results demonstrate that the designed leads can meet the normal working requirements of the FECR cryostat, achieving a maximum current capacity of 720 A with heat load of 28.88 W per copper lead and 0.12 W per HTS lead, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial Tensile/Transverse Compressive Stress Characteristics of Advanced Cu-Nb Reinforced Nb3Sn Wires for 33 T Cryogen-Free Superconducting Magnet","authors":"R. Taniguchi;M. Sugimoto;H. Fukushima;K. Nakao;K. Hirose;S. Awaji;H. Oguro","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3551277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3551277","url":null,"abstract":"Nb-rod method Cu-Nb reinforced Nb₃Sn wires (Cu-Nb/Nb₃Sn wires) have been applied in various applications as one of high strength Nb₃Sn wires and 25 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet (25 T-CSM) at Tohoku University is one of the successful examples. To further strengthen the Cu-Nb/Nb₃Sn strands for a 33 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet (33 T-CSM), currently under construction at Tohoku university, we implemented the following modifications: increasing Cu-Nb fraction, niobium content in Cu-Nb and tin content in the bronze material. The strands were cabled into 16- or 18-strands Rutherford cables and pre-bent with -0.30% to +0.31% strain after heat treatment for Nb₃Sn reaction. The heat treatment conditions were 670 °C × 96 h (HT-A) or 575 °C × 100 h +670 °C × 50 h (HT-B), depending on the critical current (<italic>I</i>_c) requirement of the magnets. To evaluate the performance of the Cu-Nb/Nb₃Sn wires, we measured the <italic>I</i>_c of both non-cabled strands and strands extracted from the cables under axial tensile stress and transverse compression stress at 14.5 T and 4.2 K, respectively. Under tensile stress, the <italic>I</i>_c of the 33 T-CSM wire with HT-A reached a peak at 251 MPa and became the same <italic>I</i>_c as zero applied stress/strain at 345 MPa. This is significantly higher than the previous Cu-Nb/Nb₃Sn wires for the 25 T-CSM, which had a peak <italic>I</i>_c at 215 MPa and the same <italic>I</i>_c as zero applied stress/strain at 300 MPa. An increase of residual strain by 0.049% was also observed. Regarding transverse compression characteristics, the 33 T-CSM strands maintained their initial <italic>I</i>_c value under higher compression stress compared to the 25 T-CSM wires and cabling process caused no degradation in compressive stress performance in 33 T-CSM strands.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on End AC Loss and Electromagnetic Vibration of Superconducting Machine Based on 3-D H-Formulation","authors":"Chao Luo;Jiabo Shou;Jien Ma;Jie Chao;Youtong Fang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3552398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3552398","url":null,"abstract":"In electrified drive systems, machine vibration has become as critical performance as power density. However, limited research has focused on the vibration characteristics of superconducting rotary machines. Most studies rely on 2-D numerical models that overlook the complex stacked racetrack superconducting coil end in the machine. The ac loss at the end in the complex and strong magnetic field needs precise calculation, as it subjects the stator end to significantly larger electromagnetic forces than those in conventional machines. It is crucial to analyze the magnetic field and coil vibrations caused by these forces and to investigate various end-fixation strategies. This article presents a comprehensive 3-D model of superconducting machines using the H-formulation, enabling accurate determination of electromagnetic performance under varying current conditions. The critical current density and ac losses in the superconducting coil ends are analyzed. This study further investigates the 3-D magnetic field distribution and the resulting electromagnetic vibrations, particularly in the stator armature windings. Significant electromagnetic forces are observed at the stator winding ends, leading to excessive vibration and deformation under rated conditions. The research also explores various end-fixation methods to mitigate these effects, ultimately enhancing the stability and performance of superconducting machines in next-generation low-carbon transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Flux Tunability in Josephson Traveling Wave Parameteric Amplifiers With an Open-Source Frequency-Domain Simulator","authors":"Anna Levochkina;Isita Chatterjee;Pegah Darvehi;Halima Giovanna Ahmad;Pasquale Mastrovito;Davide Massarotti;Domenico Montemurro;Francesco Tafuri;Giovanni Piero Pepe;Kevin P. O'Brien;Martina Esposito","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3552432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3552432","url":null,"abstract":"Josephson traveling wave parameteric amplifiers (JTWPAs) are integral parts of many experiments carried out in quantum technologies. Being composed of hundreds of Josephson junction-based unit cells, such devices exhibit complex nonlinear behavior that typically cannot be fully explained with simple analytical models, thus necessitating the use of numerical simulators. A very useful characteristic of JTWPAs is the possibility of being biased by an external magnetic flux, allowing in-situ control of the nonlinearity. It is, therefore, very desirable for numerical simulators to support this feature. Open-source numerical tools that allow to model JTWPA flux biasing, such as <italic>WRSPICE</i> or <italic>PSCAN2</i>, are based on time-domain approaches, which typically require long simulation times to get accurate results. In this work, we model the gain performance in a prototypical flux-tunable JTWPA by using <italic>JosephsonCircuits.jl</i>, a recently developed frequency-domain open-source numerical simulator, which has the benefit of simulation times about 10 000 faster than time-domain methods. By comparing the numerical and experimental results, we validate this approach for modeling the flux dependent behavior of JTWPAs.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Strength REBCO Tapes","authors":"Lingfeng Zhu;Jian Rong;Shengchen Xue;Nghia Mai;Jithin Peram;Chirag Goel;Vamsi Yerraguravagari;Kala Selvamanickam;Venkat Selvamanickam","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3552314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3552314","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets made from REBCO tapes are extensively developed for use in various applications, notably in nuclear fusion and particle accelerators. In such applications, the REBCO tapes within the magnet face strong magnetic fields, leading to considerable Lorentz force loads. This force can potentially reduce the critical current (<italic>I</i>_c) of the tape and even risk the magnet's structural integrity. In this work, high-strength REBCO tapes have being developed by solder-free bonding various alloys with REBCO tapes to enhance the tapes' yield strength. The irreversible tensile stress of modified REBCO tapes, corresponding to 95% <italic>I</i>_c retention at 77 K, self-field, has been measured. The results show that our approach significantly increases the irreversible tensile stress of REBCO tapes from 800 MPa to over 1200 MPa.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Verification of High-Voltage Stator for Grid-Directly-Connected Superconducting Synchronous Condenser","authors":"Shiyong Xiao;Zhihui Liu;Guowei Cai","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3551878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3551878","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve a superconducting synchronous condenser (SSC) directly connected to the power grid without the need for a step-up transformer, this article proposes a high-voltage stator topology incorporating cable windings and nonmagnetic teeth. The research addresses key issues such as the topology of cable windings, bending radius verification, slot design, and the structural design of the high-voltage stator. Based on voltage breakdown tests of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) sheet samples and the characteristics of the stator windings, an insulation scheme for 35 kV XLPE cables is designed. In addition, a stepped insulation scheme for cable windings is proposed. An electromagnetic design process for the high-voltage stator is outlined, and a field-circuit coupled model is developed for the grid-directly-connected SSC, completing the electromagnetic design for a 30 Mvar, 35 kV SSC. Temperature field simulations for the high-voltage stator are performed, validating the preliminary feasibility of the high-voltage stator from both electromagnetic design and ventilation cooling perspectives. Finally, a prototype of the cable-winding synchronous condenser is developed and tested, and through the withstand voltage test of the cable windings, the preliminary feasibility of the grid-directly-connected SSC is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 4","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Analysis of Multilayer Tapered Canted-Cosine-Theta Superconducting Magnet for the Interaction Region of Electron Ion Collider","authors":"P. Xu;H. Witte;S. Notaro;Y. Bai","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3551677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3551677","url":null,"abstract":"The electron ion collider (EIC) will collide high energy and highly polarized hadron and electron beams with luminosities up to 10³⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹. The magnet designs at the interaction region (IR) are challenging due to the close proximity of the hadron and electron beams. A canted cosine theta (CCT) quadrupole magnet was designed due to the space restrictions at the IR. The CCT magnet has a tapered aperture, which allows higher gradients at the interaction point (IP) side of the magnet. The tapered geometry makes the magnet not symmetrical along the axial direction. To validate the design in terms of the mechanical strength and the allowed deformations, a detailed structural mechanical analysis for the tapered CCT quadrupole magnet has been carried out using the finite element method (FEM) considering both the shrinking due to cool down and the electromagnetic force on the conductors.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Current Winding for SMES Cable and Its System Configuration for Photovoltaic Power Transmission","authors":"Kohei Higashikawa;Tomoya Miyazaki;Tatsuya Tabuchi;Masaki Asano;Sho Moroi;Takanobu Kiss;Kei Shiohara;Michio Sato;S. M. Muyeen","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3551674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3551674","url":null,"abstract":"The use of electricity generated from renewable energy sources is essential for a carbon-neutral society, and countermeasures against their severe output power fluctuations are key to this. In our previous studies, we proposed a superconducting cable with energy storage function (SMES cable) as such a countermeasure and successfully demonstrated its function using a small model cable (with a current capacity of the order of 100 A) and a simple circuit model (with photovoltaic assumed by a voltage source) based on a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). In this study, a kA-class model cable was fabricated by parallel winding of a REBCO coated conductor, and a HILS-based experiment showed that the cable could be regarded just as an inductance with negligible loss. Furthermore, it was found that the application of SMES cable to photovoltaic power transmission could maximize the output power from the photovoltaic while reducing its fluctuation by appropriately combining a DC-DC converter and the current-voltage level of the photovoltaic array.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation on Current Behaviors of NI Multi-Tape-Bundled REBCO Coils Wound With Dump Resistance for Sudden Discharge Test","authors":"Haru Sato;Takanobu Mato;Tetsuhiro Obana;So Noguchi","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3551215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3551215","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in the field of applied superconductivity, such as MRI, NMR, and compact fusion reactors, relies on improvements in material developments and winding techniques. The no-insulation (NI) winding technique enables rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) coils to show high electromagnetic characteristics, while having a high current density. The multi-tape-bundled winding technique improves charging delays on large-scale NI REBCO coils. Meanwhile, previous research has suggested several disadvantages of these techniques. Especially in the NI multi-tape-bundled REBCO coils, rapid discharging is reported due to the influence of a small coil inductance, which makes coil protection harder. In this paper, several D-shaped multi-tape-bundled REBCO coils with dump resistor are modeled. Sudden discharging tests are simulated for each model with a different number of bundled tapes and turn-to-turn contact resistivities. The simulation results show that REBCO-tape-longitudinal currents are concentrated on one side, meanwhile the opposite-directional currents are observed on the other side. The concentration is larger as the number of bundled tapes increases. In addition, the Joule heat simulation shows that the energy stored in a coil is discharged faster on the more-tapes-bundled NI REBCO coil, although the energy extracted into the dump resistor is smaller due to the low turn-to-turn/tape-to-tape contact resistance. Further investigations will be needed, especially for a thermal simulation.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}