{"title":"Mechanical Properties of a Ni-Co-Cr-Mo Alloy","authors":"Ke Han;Y. Xin;V. J. Toplosky;R. M. Niu;J. Lu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3541999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3541999","url":null,"abstract":"Because effective reinforcement materials must have both high capacity for load bearing and high resistance to deformation under external force, they require both high mechanical tensile strength and a high elasticity modulus. Both strength and modulus are usually amplified at cryogenic temperatures, so properties at both cryogenic and room temperatures must be characterized before the materials can be used for applications. In this study, we investigated a nickel-based alloy whose Young's modulus is higher than that of the stainless steels that have commonly been relied on as reinforcement materials in cryogenic environments. Our test alloy was subjected to a type of thermo-mechanical processing that strengthens the alloy through very fine planar defects. We first deformed the alloy to various magnitudes at room temperature, and we then measured its properties at both cryogenic and room temperatures. Finally, we assessed the properties (at both temperatures) of the materials that were deformed to different deformation strains at room temperature. We found that our test alloy had anisotropy in both elastic modulus and mechanical strength and had more resistance to plastic deformation at cryogenic temperatures than at room temperatures. We then investigated physical property changes in various magnetic fields and at various cryogenic temperatures. This paper summarizes 1) the changes that occurred in the microstructure of our alloy and 2) the properties desirable for effective reinforcement materials.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Behavior of Superconducting Nanostructured Switching Device by the Numerical Calculation","authors":"Masumi Inoue;Ikumi Miyazaki","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3549384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3549384","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the properties and switching behavior of superconducting nanostructured device such as nanocryotron using numerical calculation methods. Superconducting nanostructured switching devices such as nanocryotron (nTron) are promising candidates for the interface between the single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuit and the CMOS memory in building highly integrated superconducting circuits. Although some simulations have been performed, the detailed physics of its operation is not clear. Therefore, we are studying the behavior of superconducting nanostructured devices through numerical simulations using the thermal diffusion equation and the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation. We previously reported on the simulation of a simple T-shaped line with a current confluence of a constant bias current and a short-time gate current. As the next step, we report the simulation on a T-shaped device with a constriction in the channel. We observed the variation in current, temperature, voltage generated in the channel, etc. during switching. Although the simulations in this report are ongoing, they will help analyze and understand the experimental results and are also expected to provide guidelines for device design.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junseong Kim;Philip C. Michael;Jagadishwar R. Sirigiri;Dongkeun Park
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Nb3Sn-Embedded Quench Detection Module for HTS Magnets","authors":"Junseong Kim;Philip C. Michael;Jagadishwar R. Sirigiri;Dongkeun Park","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3548030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3548030","url":null,"abstract":"Detection and protection of quenches in REBCO-based solenoids, particularly those using 2G wires, is a challenging engineering task due to the high current density these materials provide at high magnetic fields. This enables coils with greater magnetic energy density but requires faster protection responses, as minimal copper is used to keep designs compact. The slow normal zone propagation in coated conductors complicates quench detection using traditional voltage taps, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity to explore alternative methods. To address this, we propose a practical Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn-embedded quench detection module for quench and hotspot detection in 2G wires by sensing local temperature increases, leveraging the critical characteristics of Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn. The module was tested to evaluate the detection characteristics based on operating current, temperature, and heat generation, then it was confirmed its sensitivity, reliability, and feasibility for rapid quench detection.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HTS for Future Circular Collider Beamscreen: New Moderate High-Pressure Reaction for the Synthesis of Tl-1223","authors":"Alessandro Leveratto;Aisha Saba;Cristina Bernini;Federico Loria;Matteo Cialone;Andrea Malagoli;Sergio Calatroni;Emilio Bellingeri","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3549739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3549739","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of the Tl<sub>0.7</sub>Bi<sub>0.2</sub>Pb<sub>0.2</sub>Sr<sub>1.6</sub>Ba<sub>0.4</sub>Ca<sub>1.9</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9+x</sub> (Tl-1223) superconducting phase, with particular emphasis on constructing a detailed phase diagram that maps its formation across varying temperatures and oxygen pressures. By optimizing these parameters, we were able to determine the precise conditions for obtaining a high-purity Tl-1223 phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the crystalline structure and morphology, while magnetic properties were investigated using SQUID magnetometry. The phase diagram provides critical insights into the stability of Tl-1223, guiding future synthesis efforts. Our magnetic measurements confirmed superconducting behavior with a critical temperature of approximately 120 K, validating the optimized synthesis process. Though primarily focused on phase formation, this research also opens up the potential for applying Tl-1223 in the Future Circular Collider (FCC) as a beam screen coating material. The superconducting properties of Tl-1223 make it a promising candidate for overcoming the limitations of traditional materials under FCC operational conditions. Future work will explore the preparation of Tl-1223 films for this application.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Yagai;Y. Makida;T. Shintomi;N. Hirano;T. Hamajima
{"title":"Developing a New DC-to-DC Converter for Ultra-Fast Charges of Electric Vehicles Using Superconducting Inductors Cooled With Liquid Hydrogen","authors":"T. Yagai;Y. Makida;T. Shintomi;N. Hirano;T. Hamajima","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3549007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3549007","url":null,"abstract":"Toward 2050 carbon neutral, an increasing number of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) must be achieved to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission out of the mobility section. One of the barriers for spreading BEV use is definitely long charging time. Shorter charging time would be realized with very high power, higher voltage and higher current. Although conventional chargers, which are based on AC-to-DC (ACDC) power converters, receiving power from utility grids shows technologically high efficiency, the overall efficiency from power generation to battery charge is NOT so high due to multiplied efficiencies through the power path going down, typically below 90%. DC-to-DC (DCDC) boost converter technology allows us not only to make good use of renewable energy but to achieve very high charging efficiency by the way of direct power receiving from renewable sources. The bottle neck for large current charging is the current capacity of conventional inductors, which would be drastically improved by replacing the normal inductor to “superconducting coil”. Our group has designed and demonstrated a superconducting DCDC (SCDCDC) double-boost converter to prove the excellent potential as ultra-fast charger providing high voltage with large currents. We designed the SCDCDC by using Bi2223 and MgB<sub>2</sub> coils. The converter with the MgB<sub>2</sub> inductor which has already demonstrated nominal operation with liquid hydrogen cooling in a previous research, showed high efficiencies larger than 95% up to 15 kW of output power operations with liquid helium cooling.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Project Quality Management for the HL-LHC IT String","authors":"Nicolas Heredia Garcia;Marta Bajko;Sebastien Blanchard;Davide Bozzini;Oliver Brüning;Hector Garcia Gavela;Victor Guillen Humbria;Antoine Kosmicki;Estrella Vergara Fernandez;Samer Yammine;Markus Zerlauth","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3548951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3548951","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the project management quality standards required for leading complex technical projects involving state-of-the art superconducting technologies, diverse stakeholders and extensive installation, commissioning, and quality assurance/ control activities. Specifically, it presents the project management framework – including processes and best practices – implemented for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Inner Triplet (IT) String test stand at CERN. This facility evaluates the collective behavior of major components to be installed on one side of the upgraded HL-LHC interaction point. It will serve to apply and improve installation and hardware commissioning test procedures, and QA/QC processes. The paper details the documentation and tools used to ensure proper execution and compliance with stakeholder requirements, as well as the communication strategy for reporting progress. Additionally, the paper specifies the type of quality control checks applied in the test stand, the tools to follow the tests from a managerial perspective and the handling of associated non-conformities. Finally, it presents the strategy for disseminating lessons learned to the project stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tooling Design, Coil Fabrication, and Prototype Coil Performance Verification for a 28 GHz Nb3Sn ECR Ion Source Magnet","authors":"Philip Mallon;Tengming Shen;Ye Yang;Ray Hafalia;Lianrong Xu;Jose Ferradas Troitiño;Mariusz Juchno;Paolo Ferracin;Soren Prestemon;Yoonhyuck Choi;Junwei Guo;Xiaoji Du;David Greene;Danlu Zhang;Junseong Kim;Tomofumi Maruta;Guillaume Machicoane;Ting Xu;Jie Wei","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3548023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3548023","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide several superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources have been developed and in operation for heavy ion accelerators using Nb-Ti magnets. To explore the use of high-field Nb<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn to break the field limit of Nb-Ti for ECR magnets, state-of-the-art Nb<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn coil fabrication techniques and tooling design must be used to address the challenging characteristics of Nb<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn conductors. Earlier we reported the overall magnet design, conductor selection, and conductor characterization for building a 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source using Nb<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn sextupole coils for Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). This paper describes the progress towards fabricating prototype Nb<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn sextupole coil. In particular, we present tooling design, Nb<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn sextupole coil fabrication, and a mirror magnet for performance verification.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary Assessment of a Highly Flexible HTS Drive for Electric Aircraft","authors":"Fábio Encarnação-Gregório;João Murta-Pina;Nuno Vilhena;Guilherme Santos;Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami;Wenjuan Song;Roberto Oliveira;Vitor Fernão Pires;Xavier Granados","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3548617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3548617","url":null,"abstract":"The push for the Energy Transition and the electrification of emerging applications, particularly those that already include cryogenics, has stimulated new developments in electric machines with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials in their components. Electric aircraft enabled by HTS-based systems, such as motors and energy distribution cables, are highlighted among those applications. In this context, there is an urgent need for machines with specific powers ranging from 15 to 30 kW/kg, which can leverage the inherent compactness and low weight of HTS motors. This work presents an electromechanical drive built by an axial-flux type motor with an HTS rotor, where the latter uses HTS REBCO tapes. The drive enables the electronic changing of the number of magnetic poles generated by a double stator with conventional windings. Consequently, the rotor must dynamically reconfigure its distribution of currents in the tapes to adapt to different numbers of poles. The prototype of the polyphase power electronics converter for the drive is also introduced. It allows for generating 24 voltages with frequency, voltage, and phase shift defined by the user according to the desired number of poles. Despite its increased complexity, the converter and the motor allow for improved performance compared to conventional drives. Preliminary experimental results are presented to support the discussion and outline prospects for the proposed concept in the framework of electric aircraft applications.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Updated Cylindric Linear-Motor Type Flux Pump With Rapid Current Variation Capability","authors":"Yong Lei;Mengchao Zhang;Wei Wang;Chenghuai Wu;Haoyan Liu;Lin He;Li Zhou;Peng Liu;Fuling Tang;Linshuang Chen;Zhigang Yang;Dongyang Wu","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3548623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3548623","url":null,"abstract":"In comparison to traditional DC power supplies, linear-motor type flux pumps present a number of advantages, including a reduction in dimensions, a lower cost, and decrease in energy consumption. Therefore, it is useful to use a flux pump to power superconducting magnets in a non-contact manner. In order to facilitate the rapid excitation and current modulation of superconducting magnets updated flux pump was designed to deliver a higher DC voltage output. The distribution of magnetic flux density was analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics, which helped in determining the optimal design parameters. We extended the coupling interval of the updated flux pump to 447 mm. The updated flux pump was tested at 77 K in liquid nitrogen, with a maximum output voltage of 118.24 mV, the updated flux pump can charge an insulated (INS) double pancake coil (DPC) with 75 turns per layer to a maximum current of 88.90 A in 9 s, exceeding the critical current (<inline-formula><tex-math>${I}_{C}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) for the DPC. This updated flux pump can power superconducting rotors in superconducting motors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other devices. This study verifies that extending the coupling length can effectively increase the output voltage of flux pumps, which has far-reaching effects on the application of linear-motor type flux pumps.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Parallel Hybrid-Excited Superconducting Electromagnetic Support System for High-Speed Electromagnetic Suspension Maglev","authors":"Deming Huang;Lichao Nie;Chaoqun Jiao;Jin Fang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3548585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3548585","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional electromagnetic maglev train is currently the sole commercially operated high-speed maglev train; however, it faces challenges, such as a narrow suspension gap, excessive energy consumption, and heat dissipation issues. High-temperature superconducting materials possess the advantages of zero resistance and high current-carrying capacity. Building upon the conventional high-speed electromagnetic levitation train, this article proposes a parallel hybrid-excited superconducting electromagnetic support system that incorporates both high-temperature superconducting and conventional components. By considering the symmetry of the support arm and electromagnetic field, certain normally conducting electromagnets are replaced with superconducting ones. Utilizing the conventional electromagnetic support system as a basis, we conducted finite-element simulation to establish and analyze the superconducting hybrid electromagnetic support and linear motor traction system. At suspension gaps of 15 and 20 mm, superconducting electromagnets contribute 80% of the suspension force without significant traction loss, while normally conducting electromagnets require smaller currents for system support and traction functions. The suspension gap can be effectively controlled within a certain safe range (15–20 mm) by maintaining a constant current in the electromagnetic coil.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}