2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"Weather impact on airport arrival meter fix throughput","authors":"Yao Wang","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102133","url":null,"abstract":"Time-based flow management provides arrival aircraft schedules based on arrival airport conditions, airport capacity, required spacing, and weather conditions. In order to meet a scheduled time at which aircraft can cross an airport arrival meter fix prior to entering the airport terminal airspace, air traffic controllers impose regulations on air traffic. Severe weather may create an airport arrival bottleneck if one or more of airport arrival meter fixes are partially or completely blocked by the weather and the arrival demand has not been reduced accordingly. Under these conditions, aircraft are frequently put in holding patterns until they can be rerouted. A model that predicts the weather-impacted meter fix throughput may help air traffic controllers direct arrival flows into the airport more efficiently, minimizing arrival meter fix congestion. This paper presents an analysis of air traffic flows across arrival meter fixes at Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR). Several scenarios of weather-impacted EWR arrival fix flows are described. Furthermore, multiple linear regression and regression tree ensemble learning approaches for translating sector Weather Impacted Traffic Indexes (WITI) to EWR arrival meter fix throughput are examined. These weather translation models are developed and validated using EWR arrival flight and weather data for the period of April-September in 2014. This study also compares the performance of the regression tree ensemble with traditional multiple linear regression models for estimating the weather-impacted throughput at each of the EWR arrival meter fixes. For all meter fixes investigated, the results from the regression tree ensemble weather translation models show a stronger correlation between model outputs and observed meter fix throughput than that produced by multiple linear regression method.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133736134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety issues caused by the integration of the IMA platform and AFDX","authors":"Changxiao Zhao, Fang Yan, Yi Tian, Peng Wang","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102013","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) platform provides partitioning mechanism to allow multiple applications sharing its resources. And in the network domain, Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) introduces the Virtual Link(VL) technology to provide dedicated bandwidth for each package. The IMA platform and AFDX can provide functional isolation and independence separately, while independence will be broken when the IMA platform and AFDX are integrated. The design of the IMA platform and AFDX are separated, some isolation requirements of the host functions may not be implemented in the network domain. Another issue is the the present VL path planing algorithm, such as Shortest-Path or Load-Banlance, is based on the physical characteristics of data flow and pay little attention to the importance of the data, which may result the lose or failure of one physical link may affects multiple safety critical VL. To solve this problem, this paper propose a VL path planning method named VLPP-S with the consideration of the safety requirements. Firstly, the importance of each partition is measured by the severity of the function hosted. Secondly, the importance of each VL is measured by the partitions it connected and the isolation requirements of the partition are recorded, Thirdly, the path of each VL is planed in order to balance the importance of each physical link, and the isolation requirements of each VL are checked to get the path planning result. Finally, different VL path planning methods are compared, VLPP-S propoed by this paper is more effective to meet the isolation requirements then VL-Shortest-Path and VL-Load-Banlance.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133906525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of human-autonomy teaming to an advanced ground station for reduced crew operations","authors":"N. Ho, W. Johnson, Karanvir Panesar, K. Wakeland, Garrett G. Sadler, Nathan Wilson, Bao Nguyen, Joel Lachter, Summer L. Brandt","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102124","url":null,"abstract":"Within human factors there is burgeoning interest in the “human-autonomy teaming” (HAT) concept as a way to address the challenges of interacting with complex, increasingly autonomous systems. The HAT concept comes out of an aspiration to interact with increasingly autonomous systems as a team member, rather than simply use automation as a tool. The authors, and others, have proposed core tenets for HAT that include bi-directional communication, automation and system transparency, and advanced coordination between human and automated teammates via predefined, dynamic task sequences known as “plays.” It is believed that, with proper implementation, HAT should foster appropriate teamwork, thus increasing trust and reliance on the system, which in turn will reduce workload, increase situation awareness, and improve performance. To this end, HAT has been demonstrated and/or studied in multiple applications including search and rescue operations, healthcare and medicine, autonomous vehicles, photography, and aviation. The current paper presents one such effort to apply HAT. It details the design of a HAT agent, developed by Human Automation Teaming Solutions, Inc., to facilitate teamwork between the automation and the human operator of an advanced ground dispatch station. This dispatch station was developed to support a NASA project investigating a concept called Reduced Crew Operations (RCO); consequently, we have named the agent R-HATS. Part of the RCO concept involves a ground operator providing enhanced support to a large number of aircraft with a single pilot on the flight deck. When assisted by R-HATS, operators can monitor and support or manage a large number of aircraft and use plays to respond in real-time to complicated, workload-intensive events (e.g., an airport closure). A play is a plan that encapsulates goals, tasks, and a task allocation strategy appropriate for a particular situation. In the current implementation, when a play is initiated by a user, R-HATS determines what tasks need to be completed and has the ability to autonomously execute them (e.g., determining diversion options and uplinking new routes to aircraft) when it is safe and appropriate. R-HATS has been designed to both support end users and researchers in RCO and HAT. Additionally, R-HATS and its underlying architecture were developed with generaliz ability in mind as a modular software applicable outside of RCO/aviation domains. This paper will also discuss future further development and testing of R-HATS.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133376875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task allocation of safety-critical applications on reconfigurable multi-core architectures","authors":"Tom Guillaumet, E. Feron, P. Baufreton, Francois Neumann, K. Madhu, M. Krishna, S. Nandy, R. Narayan, C. Haldar","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8101992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8101992","url":null,"abstract":"With the onset of multi-core chips, the single-core market is closing down. Developing avionics systems hosted on multi-core chips that enforce safety-criticality constraints constitutes a challenge for the aerospace industry. This paper presents a reconfigurable multi-core architecture and studies its suitability for hosting safety-critical embedded applications. A task allocation algorithm for this specific architecture is proposed, and the last section demonstrates its behavior and analyzes its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126968699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of interference analyses on multicore processors","authors":"L. Mutuel, X. Jean, R. Soulat","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8101993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8101993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a status on a continuing research thrust on assurance methods for multicore processors used in avionics equipment. Today's multicore processors introduce new challenges, forcing assurance methods to adapt to their intrinsic complexity, especially parallelism in software execution. Tackling interference issues within assurance methods is still an open problem today, with no consensual approach or official guideline. In the previous installment of the research on MCP assurance methods, the authors developed the notion of interference analysis and detailed the related challenges. This paper focuses on the limits of these interference analyses, i.e. the conditions under which defining and/or implementing a given method would raise major issues, leading to an unsustainable complexity for the equipment development. The objective is not to point out a specific method to use, but rather to highlight foreseeable good and bad properties of interference analysis methods, and how to reach a good compromise between good and bad. These properties are summarized as a set of viewpoints, which are further illustrated on an example.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116644622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a speed guidance interface for trajectory-based dispatch towing","authors":"Torben Bernatzky, Marco Kemmerzell, U. Klingauf, P. Schachtebeck","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102130","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of trajectory-based air traffic operations, as proposed by the US-American and European programs NextGen and SESAR, requires fundamental changes of both inflight and ground procedures. This paper addresses an optimization of the taxi process by proposing trajectory-based dispatch towing operations. In the developed scenarios, an automated tractor shall tow the aircraft from gate to runway following prescribed speed profiles. After having shown an overview of the general concept, the development and evaluation of a human-machine interface (HMI) providing speed guidance to the pilots will be presented. In a mixed automation mode, the tractor shall be able to accelerate and decelerate the aircraft-tractor combination within specific limits. In order to allow for decelerations the tractor cannot apply, the pilot will need to conduct the aircraft's brakes when advised by the HMI running on an electronic flight bag (EFB). In a simulator study, commercial airline pilots evaluated different implementations of a speed guidance interface instructing the participants regarding needed brake inputs. The results reveal both advantages and disadvantages of the evaluated concepts. Participating pilots prefer a simple design like a digital advice or acoustic verbal instructions. An attention-grabbing design is especially important as the position of an EFB is usually located at the outer margin of the pilot's field of view and thus compromises the pilot's main task of monitoring the traffic situation. In contrast, concepts providing feedback regarding the actual and target ground speed were considered helpful in order to better interpret the brake advices in terms of the required pedal input. Consequently, the evaluation led to a redesign of the speed indicator by means of combining elements of the investigated concepts.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117075804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enforcing domain segregation in unified cabin data networks","authors":"Nils Tobeck","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102105","url":null,"abstract":"In systems of systems designing access control policies is a complex task, especially when each system has its own high-level security policy requirements. There is no general way of expressing policies with generic rules, because policies commonly have scenario-specific characteristics. A graph-based system of systems model is applied, which incorporates an attribute-based approach to model scenario-specific characteristics of policies. The model is based on simple graph and set theoretical methods. The access control system establishes virtual channel objects, which enforce access to a resource. Channels are characterized by attributes of channel source and channel destination. The specific channel characteristics are computed at run-time and policy evaluation is performed on these virtual channel objects. This allows policy design for channels without explicitly knowing a specific channel. The concept is evaluated by simulating three use cases to demonstrate scalability and feasibility.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"22 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124490438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of an ADS-B in method for calculating the interval management paired approach collision safety limit","authors":"S. Priess","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102094","url":null,"abstract":"Interval Management (IM) Paired Approach (PA) is a proposed NextGen concept to increase arrival capacity at airports with Closely Spaced Parallel Runways during Instrument Meteorological Conditions. To ensure the safety of the IM PA operation, the IM aircraft must be protected from the risk of both collision and wake encounters. This is accomplished through the establishment of collision and wake safety limits that bound the longitudinal position of the IM aircraft relative to the Target aircraft. Traditionally, these safety limits have been developed offline using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques and are based on geographic and procedural characteristics of the IM PA operation for a given runway pair. This paper proposes a new method for calculating a collision safety limit (CSL) for an individual aircraft pair during the IM PA operation using ADS-B Out reports from the Target aircraft. Results for the CSL at San Francisco International Airport are presented and compared with CSLs previously generated using the offline Monte-Carlo simulation method. Additionally, the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations of implementing the new method compared with the offline method are discussed.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114274167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying pilot contribution to flight safety during drive shaft failure","authors":"L. Kramer, T. Etherington, M. C. Last, Kellie D. Kennedy, R. Bailey","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8101990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8101990","url":null,"abstract":"Accident statistics cite the flight crew as a causal factor in over 60% of large transport aircraft fatal accidents. Yet, a well-trained and well-qualified pilot is acknowledged as the critical center point of aircraft systems safety and an integral safety component of the entire commercial aviation system. The latter statement, while generally accepted, cannot be verified because little or no quantitative data exists on how and how many accidents/incidents are averted by crew actions. A joint NASA/FAA high-fidelity motion-base simulation experiment specifically addressed this void by collecting data to quantify the human (pilot) contribution to safety-of-flight and the methods they use in today's National Airspace System. A human-in-the-loop test was conducted using the FAA's Oklahoma City Flight Simulation Branch Level D-certified B-737-800 simulator to evaluate the pilot's contribution to safety-of-flight during routine air carrier flight operations and in response to aircraft system failures. These data are fundamental to and critical for the design and development of future increasingly autonomous systems that can better support the human in the cockpit. Eighteen U.S. airline crews flew various normal and non-normal procedures over a two-day period and their actions were recorded in response to failures. To quantify the human's contribution to safety of flight, crew complement was used as the experiment independent variable in a between-subjects design. Pilot actions and performance during single pilot and reduced crew operations were measured for comparison against the normal two-crew complement during normal and non-normal situations. This paper details the crew's actions, including decision-making, and responses while dealing with a drive shaft failure — one of 6 non-normal events that were simulated in this experiment.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115218930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midair collision risk when executing an incorrect approach during established on required navigation performance operations","authors":"Cody T. Nichols, Logan M. Branscum","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102097","url":null,"abstract":"Providing improved efficiency in the terminal environment around high-capacity airports, Established on RNP leverages Required Navigation Performance technology to safely allow reduced aircraft-to-aircraft separation during curved simultaneous approaches. As one element in a comprehensive safety analysis, this paper describes the methodology and results used to estimate the mid-air collision risk when at least one aircraft leaves the intended approach path by inadvertently selecting an unintended flight procedure. The analysis considers three possible cases where an aircraft could be put at risk of collision during such an event: one where the trailing aircraft flying to the intended runway may be put at risk; a second where an aircraft flying to the incorrectly selected runway is put at risk; and, a third case, which only occurs when more than three parallel runways are available, where an aircraft flying to a runway between the intended runway and the incorrectly selected runway is put at risk of collision. The analysis concludes that all three cases could pose significant risk if not appropriately mitigated with controller monitoring and procedure design, but the third case is the most severe.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130848874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}