2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"Optimization without limits — The world wide air traffic management project","authors":"A. Kuenz, G. Schwoch, B. Korn, C. Forster, T. Gerz, V. Grewe, S. Matthes, T. Gräupl, M. Rippl, F. Linke, M. Radde","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102019","url":null,"abstract":"In air traffic management, optimization is often restricted to local areas, e.g., to the vicinity of airports. Procedures around these areas stay unchanged, and effects from optimizations concerning ecological efficiency are not considered adequately. Investigating new concepts, this typically results in local gain of efficiency without proving the global benefit. The project World Wide Air Traffic Management (WW-ATM) creates a platform for optimization and validation of world-wide concepts considering feasibility, throughput, costs-and ecological efficiency, and robustness respectively fault liability. Based on different evaluation and optimization tools, complete traffic scenarios can be analyzed and improved both strategically and tactically.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115755435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-segment approach for Cologne/Bonn Airport","authors":"M. S. Schwienhorst, N. Metzner, D. Roberts, M. Mollwitz, A. Titonis","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102110","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the altitude of approaching aircraft has been considered a way to reduce perceived aircraft noise, particularly in densely populated areas. A steeper approach profile composed of two segments has been investigated for almost two years at Cologne/Bonn Airport, Germany's third largest freight airport. More than 70 flight simulator trials for B767, B737 and MD-11 as well as almost a dozen test flights were conducted in 2016. During the test flights, advanced noise measurements were conducted close to the approach path. Together with the data from the flight data recorder (FDR), this information provided the basis for gaining new insights on the review of the approach.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of runway assignment strategy by human controllers using machine learning","authors":"Yoichi Nakamura, Ryota Mori, H. Aoyama, Hyuntae Jung","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102099","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing air traffic demands, efficient runway use has become very important. Future implementation of arrival management with optimal runway assignments is being planned. At the Tokyo International Airport, which has four runways, departures and arrivals can use either of two runways. While a nominal runway is basically assigned, an optimal runway assignment can potentially increase runway capacity. On the other hand, optimal assignment could increase the workload of air traffic controllers (ATCos). Therefore, an optimal runway assignment strategy must consider both capacity and workload for operational feasibility. Currently, ATCos sometimes instruct arrival aircraft to switch runways, which actually reduces both departure and arrival queues. As the current assignment strategy favors both runway capacity and workload, we strive to develop a model that can predict landing runways based on the current runway assignment strategy by ATCo. The proposed approach uses a neural network to predict runway assignment. Basic information for the runway assignment is selected and used as input. Considering the characteristics of the runway operation at Tokyo International Airport, four independent neural network models were developed. The accuracy of the models and criticality of each input were examined. It was demonstrated that the accuracy of the model differed widely with respect to the traffic scenarios. It was also indicated that the terminal preference is one of key features to predict runway assignment.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132151700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aircraft, airspace, and the use of energy management based algorithms to conduct flight deck interval management (IM)","authors":"Clay E. Hubbs, R. Shay","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102021","url":null,"abstract":"A 19-day flight test of an Interval Management (IM) avionics prototype was conducted in Washington State using three aircraft to precisely achieve and maintain a spacing interval behind the preceding aircraft. Four different types of IM operations were investigated during the flight test, and these operations occurred in the en route, arrival, and final approach phases of flight. Many of the IM operations met or exceeded the design goals established prior to the test. For example, the average spacing accuracy for all IM operations where the end of the IM operation contained a maintain stage was within two seconds and the standard deviation was within three seconds. However, there were issues discovered throughout the flight test, including the number and magnitude of speed changes, the rate of IM commanded speed changes, the lack of aircraft energy management, and the difference between expected and actual aircraft deceleration rates.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133133836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security requirements for SATCOM datalink systems for future air traffic management","authors":"K. Bernsmed, Christian Fr⊘ystad, P. H. Meland, T. A. Myrvoll","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102083","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft equipped with satellite communication (SATCOM) systems will enable advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) operations over datalink on a global basis. A key concept of future ATM is 4D trajectory management, which aims to ensure an optimal path and designated arrival time for the flight by integrating time as a fourth dimension into the aircraft trajectory. However, the increase reliance on digital information exchange needed for implementing 4D implies that cyber security will be a key concern. The goal of the Iris Service Evolution programme is to provide a secure and reliable datalink for air-ground communication in oceanic and remote environment based on satellite. This paper provides an overview over ongoing work on cyber security in the Iris programme. We discuss the need for security for future datalink services in the aircraft control domain and, based on a security risk and threat analysis, provide a number of security requirements that future SATCOM datalink systems for ATM should fulfil.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122193047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance comparison of guidance strategies to accomplish RTAs during a CDO","authors":"Ramon Dalmau, X. Prats, R. Verhoeven, F. Bussink, B. Heesbeen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102096","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous Descent Operations with Controlled Times of Arrival (CTA) at one or several metering fixes could enable environmentally friendly procedures without compromising capacity. This type of flight operation requires advanced on-board systems not only able to compute a plan satisfying Required Times of Arrival (RTAs), but also to safely and efficiently guide the aircraft during the execution of the descent such that RTAs are accurately accomplished. The primary aim of this paper is to compare the performance (in terms of environmental impact mitigation and ability to fulfill operational constraints) of four guidance strategies: tactical, strategic, hybrid and Model Predictive Control (MPC). A high fidelity flight simulator has been configured, and several descents to Barcelona-El Prat airport (Spain) have been simulated in presence of weather forecast and aircraft performance modeling errors. Results show that MPC is the most robust in terms of energy and time deviation, providing at the same time excellent environmental impact mitigation.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115159801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of pilot benefits from cognitive assistance for single-pilot general aviation operations","authors":"Sara A. Wilkins","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8101987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8101987","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the human factors of new cockpit technologies is a time consuming and expensive task. A typical human-in-the-loop evaluation can take several months to design, execute, and document. Moreover, retaining statistical power requires placing hard limits on the technological variations and scenarios to be tested, drawing out the iterative design process. These studies, however, ensure that flight deck technologies are efficient, effective, and, from a pilot mental effort perspective, manageable. While eliminating human-in-the-loop evaluation is neither recommended nor desired, methods that can reduce the number of design cycles and help human-in-the-loop evaluations target the most promising design concepts are valuable. One such method is fast-time simulation of the pilot activities to assess task times and working memory load using human performance modeling. Well-established task analysis methodologies, i.e., Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection Rules (GOMS), with theories of working memory and mental effort are able to provide estimates of temporal and mental effort for a task [1]. The MITRE Corporation developed a tool for this purpose, which is a cognitive calculator or “Cogulator.” This paper describes an example of using Cogulator for modeling mental effort with and without a pilot-oriented cognitive assistant, called the Digital Copilot. The Digital Copilot, developed through sponsorship from the Federal Aviation Administration by The MITRE Corporation, is a working prototype that provides contextual information and reminders to the pilot in a timely manner [2]. This study compares two different modes of operation using Cogulator: a single pilot's thoughts and actions during the approach phase of flight without the Digital Copilot and another with the Digital Copilot. Cogulator uses the task decompositions in each mode of operation to estimate three metrics: the pilot's task times, heads down times, and working memory load. Task time is a summary statistic that describes the amount of time that elapsed for a task to be completed. Heads down time is the amount of time that a pilot spends looking at information within the cockpit instead of outside. Working memory load is the cognitive construct in which information is temporarily stored and manipulated to complete complex tasks [3]. The paper describes Cogulator, the evaluation method, and the results of the comparison. Results are presented in terms of task completion time, heads down time, and working memory load during the approach phase of flight for the following five tasks: check automatic terminal information service (ATIS) frequency, receive contextual frequency, review and follow a checklist, determine if the tower is open, and determine the preferred runway. Of these five tasks modeled, results show that the Digital Copilot provides time savings in all tasks except for check ATIS frequency; heads down time savings for all tasks; and working memory load savings or no ch","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124387021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veracity metrics for ontologica! Decision-making support in avionics analytics","authors":"C. Insaurralde, Erik Blasch","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8101999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8101999","url":null,"abstract":"Air Traffic Management (ATM) is getting challenging mainly due to the massive information processed from increasingly sophisticated avionics systems, unprecedentedly crowded airspaces, and ever-changing weather conditions affecting grounded or flying aircraft. The complex situation overwhelms pilots and ATM controllers who work to keep aviation dependable. To provide artificial decision-making support for ATM and Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM) systems, ontologies are an attractive knowledge technology. This paper proposes to endow an Avionics Analytics Ontology (AAO) with semantic uncertainty for input information to improve effectiveness in ATM/UTM decision-making processes. The approach is aligned with the Uncertainty Representation and Reasoning Evaluation Framework (URREF), that develops an uncertainty ontology. The degree of uncertainty is considered by means of metrics developed to quantify the information veracity. A case study is presented that involves two ATM/UTM operation scenarios where UAVs are flying nearby commercial aircraft and/or airports. It shows results from above application examples with source truth over 0.75 using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADSB) from London Heathrow Airport.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"6 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120891363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of model based system engineering to IMA development activities","authors":"Joe Yin, B. Lawler, H. Jin","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102065","url":null,"abstract":"IMA development is highly complex due to the highly collaborative development nature required by IMA. There are benefits to airframer and system suppliers, but these benefits can only be achieved efficiently through a highly organized methodology. Model Based Systems Engineering facilitates this process by shortening development time and cost. Application of MBSE in the IMA system development activities can shorten development lifecycle duration, cost and reduce integration risks. MBSE can be used throughout the IMA system development process, including the following phases: requirements capture, architecture definition, configuration, integration and verification.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122818317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for next generation air traffic control training","authors":"Jessica Updegrove, Shafagh Jafer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2017.8102129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2017.8102129","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the current uses of simulation in FAA Academy ATC training in an effort to identify potential improvement areas to the current training program in the areas of simulation and course content. Once identified, recommendations for changes to the current training program can be made. A thorough literature review of current training techniques used at the FAA Academy and training centers was conducted. The primary findings of this research revealed that training is predominantly accomplished via traditional classroom-based instruction, with complementing low-, medium-, and high-fidelity simulation labs. Recommendations made regarding the FAA ATC training process include the incorporation of web-based training technologies, the addition of voice recognition and synthesis technologies to current simulators, and updating current simulators to include recording and playback features.","PeriodicalId":130890,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124772938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}