Hygiene and sanitation最新文献

{"title":"The prevalence of working stress and emotional burnout among health workers","authors":"I.Y. Sibgatullin, Lilia M. Fatkhutdinova, G. G. Badamshina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1182-1185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1182-1185","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the course of their occupational activities, health workers experience a huge burden, which often leads to the development of stress, emotional burnout, and changes in health status. \u0000Goal – to study the prevalence of working stress and the degree of emotional burnout in health workers with different levels of work stress. \u0000Material and methods. Two hundred ten health workers of outpatient polyclinic institutions of Kazan were examined using the questionnaire “RAMIS” (Workplace and stress) and the questionnaire of emotional burnout by K.Maslach (adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova). \u0000Results. There was recorded an increased level of stress among health workers in all age groups (31.6% at a young age, 35% on average, 42.4% in the elderly). Low level of social support (54.2%) and low level of control (43.1%) are the leading factors in the structure of working stress among health workers of outpatient clinics. A high degree of emotional burnout is equally recorded in all the age groups studied (35.9% at a young age, 40% on average, 42.3% in the elderly). A reliable relationship between working stress and emotional burnout has been determined. \u0000Limitations. Health workers in hospitals and private medical clinics were not included, as well as those who did not give informed consent to participate in this study. \u0000Conclusion. A high level of working stress was recorded in each age group studied, the relationship between age and the level of work stress was not revealed. Also, the burnout syndrome was detected in all age groups and had no connection with age. Health workers with a high level of stress were found to be much more likely to suffer from emotional burnout than people with low working stress.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"261 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of mutagenic activity of the food dye Ponceau 4R in a micronuclear test in mice","authors":"V. Yurchenko, L. V. Akhaltseva, Nadezda A. Yurtseva, Mariya A. Konyashkina, Anton S. Lebedev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1210-1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1210-1214","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Food monoazo dye E124 Ponceau 4R is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. An analysis of the available data on the evaluation of the genetic safety of E124 based on the main marker events of genotoxicity revealed their inconsistency, possibly associated with quantitative and/or qualitative differences in the studied samples for impurities. \u0000The aim of the work is to evaluate the mutagenic activity in the micronucleus test in mice of several commercial samples of E124 present on the domestic market. \u0000Materials and methods. Three samples of E124 from different manufacturers (India) were studied. To assess the identity of Ponceau 4R substances, there was used method of MIR-spectroscopy – universal ART technique. Aqueous dye solutions were administered to the stomach of male CBA × C57Bl6/j) mice at doses \u0000of 125 to 2000 mg/kg twice with an interval of 24 hours and preparations were prepared 24 hours after the last injection. To assess the frequency of polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCE) with micronuclei (MN), 4000 PCE were analyzed, the proportion of PCE among all erythrocytes – 500 cells per animal. \u0000Results. Ponceau 4 R was determined in all samples. All E124 samples caused an increase in the frequency of PCE with MN (p < 0.05–0.001, T test) after exposure at all levels studied in a linear dose-dependent manner. The proportion of PCE from all erythrocytes did not change. \u0000Limitations. The data obtained do not allow determining the mechanism of the genotoxic action of the test substance. \u0000Conclusion. An analysis of the frequency of MN PCEs in the bone marrow in mice after a double injection at doses of 125–2000 mg/kg revealed the genotoxicity of three samples Ponceau 4R.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the occupational prevalence in health workers in the Republic of Bashkortostan over 2017–2022","authors":"L. Karamova, E. T. Valeeva, R. Galimova, E. Shaikhlislamova, Natal’ya V. Vlasova, Irina F. Suleimanova, A. R. Basyrova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1192-1198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1192-1198","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The labour of health workers (HW) is associated with the impact of adverse factors of various nature including chemical, physical, biological, high neuro-emotional stress, physical activity. All these factors, high workload, round-the-clock working with night shifts, unpredictability of the state of health and responsibility for the life of the patient, high olccupational activity, constant psycho-emotional and intellectual stress make the labour of HW to be a complex and responsible type of human activity. Over recent (2020–2021) years, due to the emergence of a highly contagious Covid-19 viral infection, health workers have been in direct contact with patients. \u0000Objective. To determine the features of occupational morbidity among the HR in the Republic of Bashkortostan over 2017–2022 including the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Materials and methods. Data on occupational diseases in HW over 2017–2022 were studied on the base of the materials of the Republican Center for Occupational Pathology of the Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology. There were evaluated reports of the final diagnosis of an occupational disease, acts of investigation of occupational diseases, sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, a consolidated annual report on the activities of the Center. \u0000Results. The level of occupational morbidity increased from 0.6‱ in 2017 to 5,6‱ during 2021, i.e. increased by 9.3 times. The nosological, gender, age, occupational and experience structure of morbidity has changed. In 88.8% of cases, the diagnosis of an acute occupational disease due to coronavirus infection was established posthumously: in 2020 – 100%, in 2021 – 86.3%. There were 0.72 deaths from this infection per 1,000 health workers. \u0000Conclusions. To preserve the health and occupational longevity of HW, especially in the context of an epidemiological rise in infectious diseases, it is necessary to strengthen priority measures for primary and secondary prevention, provide personal protective equipment, strengthen disinfection measures, establish a special regime of work and rest, and other preventive and social protection measures.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the All-Russian Education System in the field of healthy food of the population","authors":"Viktor A. Tutelyan, D. Nikityuk, I. Tarmaeva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1012-1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1012-1018","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of the educational cluster “Healthy Eating” in the Russian Federation is based on the Federal State Budgetary Institution’s “Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology” and intended to save the health of children and adults, as it serves as a model for the children’s and adults’ population. The development of different programs for both specialists and the population has been done through various means. It is suggested to concentrate attention on two main areas of activity: educational and outreach. Learning activity in the form of a cluster is shown to create the conditions for the development of an all-Russian system of education in the field of healthy nutrition for the Russian Federation’s population. Aim. Development and implementation of a system of federal and regional educational programs for specialists and various groups of the population of the Russian Federation. The population of the Russian Federation has an insufficient level of knowledge about healthy nutrition, so about 50% have practically no idea about its rules, 60% of the population do not follow the diet. In connection with the urgency of the problem, an educational cluster was formed on the basis of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology. The resources and qualifications of the cluster members, which combined the scientific potential of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology and the educational opportunities of specialized departments of the country’s leading universities, make it possible to effectively solve the problems that the education system of specialists and the population faces in the field of healthy nutrition. Additional education programs have been developed – advanced training courses, differentiated programs are being created for specialists: nutritionists, doctors, faculty of medical universities, teachers and trainers of sports schools, fitness trainers, food industry workers, graduate students and residents, as well as educational and educational programs for various population groups. Taking into account the high efficiency of outreach work, as well as its relatively low cost, in addition to the educational block, an information and educational block has been allocated separately, including with the involvement of public opinion leaders and the media. Thus, the establishment of a systematic approach to the education of specialists and the public in the field of healthy nutrition, through management, scientific, methodological, and educational support within the educational cluster, leads to the creation of an all-Russian system of education in healthy nutrition for the Russian population. Conclusion. Successful implementation of federal and regional programs of the educational cluster “Healthy Nutrition” is a necessary condition for improving the quality of life and health of the population.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal changes in secretory immunity indices in saliva in indigenous and alien inhabitants of the Yakutia Arctic zone","authors":"Lyudmila V. Khripach, T. D. Knyazeva, A. K. Makovetskaya, A. V. Zagaynova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1048-1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1048-1055","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The combination of extreme climate with intensive migration processes creates favourable conditions for the spread of infectious diseases in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study: comparative analysis of immunity indicators in saliva samples of indigenous and alien residents of Yakutia Arctic zone, taking into account the influence of seasonal factors. Materials and methods. Samples of mixed saliva of indigenous (n=212) and alien (n=120) male residents from Chokurdakh and Tiksi settlements were taken in 4 batches corresponding to the seasonal transition from summer to early winter. Levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and cytokines IL-1ß, IL-8 and IL-6 in saliva were determined by ELISA. Main Effects ANOVA was used for the data analysis. Results. No significant age-related changes of the indicators were found. During the transition from summer to winter, there was a decrease in sIgA, IL-1ß, and IL-8 levels in saliva of the examined persons (p from 0.001 to 1.6•10–7). Rate of seasonal changes did not differ between indigenous and alien inhabitants. IL-6 level in saliva of Chokurdakh residents (200 km from the sea) was higher (F(1,139)=9,202; p=0.003) and sIgA level was lower (F(1,324)=3,560; p=0.060) than corresponding levels in residents of coastal settlement Tiksi. Comparison of the body mass indices (medians 24.3 in Chokurdakh and 26.2 in Tiksi, p=0.0005) confirms that it may be the result of inequality in physical activity of residents due to almost 2-fold increase in wind speed and precipitation in Tiksi. Limitations. Monitoring period till the beginning of winter, and not later, could predetermine the absence of the expected differences between indigenous (evolutionarily adapted) and alien residents. Conclusion. Evaluation of immunity indicators in saliva samples is a simple and informative approach to study mechanisms of human adaptation to extreme climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of genome instability under irradiation in different CT scanning modes. Results of ex vivo pilot cohort study","authors":"S. E. Okhrimenko, F. Ingel, S. Ryzhkin, L. V. Akhaltseva, Nadezda A. Yurtseva, E. Krivtsova, Tatiana A. Nikitina, Mariya A. Konyashkina, Marija P. Semenova, I. A. Blokhin, Victor A. Gombolevskiy","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1112-1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1112-1118","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Medical radiation is one of the leading sources of public exposure in the world. In recent decades, the total number of X-ray diagnostic procedures has increased significantly, and with the increase in the volume of computed tomography (CT), a significant gain in the total cumulative radiation dose is also associated. The aim of the work is to compare the genotoxic effects of irradiation of human blood lymphocytes using various CT protocols. Materials and methods. Among patients of different genders and ages who sought for a preventive examination, nine practically healthy volunteers (donors) who signed an informed consent, were randomly selected to participate in the ex vivo experiment. 4 venous blood samples from each donor were irradiated on various CT protocols (0.82–11.8 mSv) in an anthropometric phantom of the human chest. Aliquots of each sample were cultured under conditions of cytokinesis block, recorded and analyzed according to the protocol of cytomic analysis in a micronucleus test. Results. Irradiation of blood samples in the Ultra-NDCT mode (0.82 mSv) revealed a peak in the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells and the frequency of genetic damage in them, and also demonstrated a high probability of the formation and consolidation of genetic damage in generations of dividing cells. This indicates increased genotoxicity and, most likely, immunotropicity of the studied irradiation mode. Llimitation of the study is the inadmissibility of involving a person in an experiment or using biomaterials without obtaining his consent, as well as the inadmissibility of causing physical harm or harm to human honor and dignity during the experiment Conclusion. When choosing CT modes, it is necessary to take into account not only the levels of effective doses, but also the possibility of developing the effects of genome instability. However, this approach requires additional genotoxic studies of CT protocols in the range from <1 to 100 mSv.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models of quantitative relationship “Structure – activity” in performing preliminary toxicological assessment of chemicals","authors":"Ekaterina A. Guseva, N. Nikolayeva, A. Filin, Yulia V. Rasskazova, G. G. Onishchenko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1108-1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1108-1111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In vivo testing of a huge number of chemical compounds is difficult from an ethical point of view, time-consuming, depends on a large number of objects of animal origin and requires large material costs for conducting experiments. Therefore, there is a need for new thinking to optimize the conduct of toxicological studies. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the possibility of using structure-activity models in the framework of a preliminary assessment of chemicals toxicity. Materials and methods. The study included three groups of chemicals including organothiophosphates, triazoles, and carbamates. The calculation of descriptors based on SMILES, the construction and validation of regression models was carried out using the tools of the Scikit-learn Version 1.2.2 library in an interactive cloud environment working with the Google Colaboratory program code. Results. When comparing a number of models for predicting oral toxicity, it was revealed that a model based on decision trees has the best predictive ability for organothiophosphates and triazoles: 70.1% and 69.5% of cases of descriptor changes led to a change in the endpoint value, respectively; a model for predicting carbamate toxicity based on a random forest explains 53.1% of the observed variance common log (1/DL50). Limitations. The study is limited to the area of distribution of the obtained mathematical models. Conclusion. As the study showed, the constructed models can explain only some part of the studied effect, therefore, models based on the structure-activity relationship should be used exclusively for preliminary assessment of the toxicity of chemicals, as a screening tool.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren under combined exposure to various environmental risk factors","authors":"SL Valina, O. Ustinova, IE Shtina, OA Maklakova, L. V. Osheva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1087-1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1087-1095","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Growing prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and significant socioeconomic losses related to implementing medical and prevention activities indicate the necessity to examine what role exogenous factors play in the disease onset and development. The aim of this study was to establish pathogenetic peculiarities of AR onset and development in schoolchildren under combined exposure to various environmental risk factors. Materials and methods. We analyzed results of clinical and laboratory examinations of schoolchildren’s health and data obtained by questioning and taken from diaries of daily rations provided at school for four hundred thirty nine AR children. They attended either an ordinary secondary school or a school with profound studies of some subjects. Influence of risk factors on clinical and laboratory indicators was evaluated by using one-factor logistic regression models that described “adverse exposure – likelihood of a response (effect)” relationships. Leading risk factors and pathogenetic peculiarities of AR onset and development were identified based on analyzing established cause-effect relations “risk factor – laboratory indicator – likelihood of diagnosing AR». Results. More significant violations of hygienic standards were established in schools with profound studies of some subjects; we identified improper management of educational activities, non-rational diets, and too intensive use of electronic devices. Likelihood of AR is 4.2 times higher for schoolchildren in such schools than for their counterparts from ordinary schools (OR=4.2) under combined exposure to adverse factors related to the educational process, diets, the environment (blood contamination with nickel, chromium, manganese, zinc, benzene, and toluene) and low physical activity. We established cause-effect relations between the disease development and the examined factors as well as their contributions to likelihood of risk-associated AR (12–60 %). We identified adverse laboratory effects in AR children who attended schools with profound studies of some subjects and established their association with affecting environmental factors. Pathogenetic peculiarities of the disease onset and development were posited based on modelling associations between laboratory indicators of disrupted homeostasis and AR development. Limitations. The examination was performed with 439 schoolchildren participating in it. Participants were not divided into sex-specific groups when describing peculiarities of allergic rhinitis development. Conclusion. The established key pathogenetic components in development of risk-associated AR are relevant targets for hygienic activities as regards the educational process and quality of the environment","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygienic assessment of iron content in the sources of household and drinking water supply of the Vladimir region","authors":"T. Trifonova, Oleg G. Selivanov, A. Martsev, Yuri N. Kurbatov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1035-1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1035-1042","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the most important tasks for ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Vladimir region remains the provision of high-quality drinking water. Due to the fact that most of the population of the region consumes water from underground sources, which is characterized by an increased iron content, a hygienic assessment of the water of household drinking sources was carried out according to the content of this element. Materials and methods. The paper presents the data of own research of the Department of Biology and Ecology of the Vladimir State University for 2022. During this period, the authors of the work investigated about one hundred nine samples of water from the household and drinking centralized and non-centralized water supply of the Vladimir region. Water samples were taken in the largest settlements (these are district centers, a regional city and large district settlements) and from drinking water sources of individual farms located in the territory of the region in various districts. The iron content in water was determined on a Hach Lange DR 6000 spectrophotometer using LCK521 and LCK320 cuvette tests. Results. Drinking water of the centralized water supply of the Vladimir region in terms of iron content in most administrative centers has been established to meet regulatory requirements and be safe for this indicator for the health of the resident population. Most of the water samples taken from non-centralized water supply sources have significant exceedances of regulatory values. The average excess of MPC in the region is 6.5 times, which is primarily due to the specifics of geochemical the composition of the water‒bearing rocks of these territories. Limitations of the study are related to the number of analyzed water samples, which reduces the possibility of interpolation of the obtained data over the entire territory of the region. Conclusion. To provide the population with high-quality drinking water, local governments that do not have sufficient funds to purchase de-ironing treatment plants need to initiate a procedure for applying for subsidies under existing state programs for the implementation of measures for the construction, reconstruction, and modernization of water supply systems. Residents of the region are recommended to use household filters to purify water from those components-pollutants that are characteristic of the groundwater of these territories.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational non-communicable respiratory diseases in industrial and agricultural workers","authors":"Anatolij N. Mikerov, G. Bezrukova, T. A. Novikova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1056-1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1056-1062","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Harmful inhalation effects in the workplace, most of which are preventable, determine more than 10% of chronic non-infectious bronchopulmonary pathology over the world at the population level. In this regard, updated information on inhalation risk factors in various sectors of the economy and the prevalence of diseases associated with them is important for the scientific justification of targeted programs for the prevention of occupational respiratory diseases. Materials and methods. On the basis of the competent statistical materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Department for the Saratov region, a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of occupational non-communicable respiratory diseases (ONRD) and factor inhalation effects in various industries and agriculture of the region was carried out using generally accepted methods. Results. For the period from 2009 to 2019 in the territory of the Saratov region one hundred sixty seven industrial workers (58 people), and agriculture (109 people) were established to be diagnosed with 189 ONRD. Despite a fivefold reduction in cases of detection of ONRD over the past decade, non-communicable respiratory diseases occupied the second rank in the structure of accumulated occupational morbidity (25.1%). The range of the contribution of ONRD to the total pool of occupational diseases for different years of observation was from 13.9 to 37.5% in the industrial sector, from 13.3 to 33.3% in agriculture. The largest number of ONRD cases were registered in plant-growing workers (51.9%), manufacturing industries (23.3%), and livestock (10.1%); the smallest number in those engaged in mining (2.6%). The first ranks in the structure of the accumulated ONRD were occupied by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (33.9%), chronic dust-free non-obstructive bronchitis (31.2%), and occupational bronchial asthma (23.3%), associated with air pollution of the working environment with silicon-containing, organic dust and sensitizing agents, the genesis of which was determined by the specifics of working conditions. Limitation. The gender factor was not taken into account when analyzing the prevalence of ONRD and its nosological structure. Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in the development of comprehensive medical and hygienic programs to improve occupational conditions and preserve the longevity of industrial and agricultural workers.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}