Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Geriatric Assessment Tools in Patients with Solid Malignancies","authors":"Nancy Hajjar, Maroun Eid, Antoine Abi Abbou, Evelyne G Helou","doi":"10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000570","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) are well known screening tools for older cancer patients. However, the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment score (CGA), which is a multidimensional evaluation of the older patient, is less used in practice. Few comparative studies were done before and there is no screening tool uniformly used worldwide. Methods: One hundred patients aged 65 years and older diagnosed with solid tumors were interviewed before starting their first chemotherapy cycle. The scores of ECOG PS, KPS and CGA were filled. The statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test. Results: No correlation was found between CGA fragile on one side and ECOG ≥2/ KPS ≤70% on the other side with a p-value of 0.9 and 0.48 respectively. Forty three per cent of patients had a good performance status according to ECOG PS and KPS despite a fragile CGA. Conclusion: KPS and ECOG PS may not be reliable for treatment decision making in the older oncology patient.","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"375 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132809030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific Antibodies for Coeliac Disease in Patients with Crohn’s Disease in Two University Centers in Poland","authors":"Anna Szaflarska- Popławska","doi":"10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined Healthy Lifestyle Index in Assessing the Relationship with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Better Prediction of the Disorder","authors":"P. Saneei, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh","doi":"10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000564","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Symptoms of IBS include chronic or recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort associated with abnormal bowel habit [1]. IBS was prevalent approximately in 10-15% of different population groups and was found predominantly in women [2]. Several important factors are involved in etiology of IBS including disrupted gut microbiota function, immunological dysfunction, food intolerance, altered gut motility, psychological distress factors and genetic predisposition. Several investigations have evaluated the relationship between lifestyle-related factors and IBS. Numerous modifiable risk factors, including poor dietary intakes, physical inactivity, smoking, having high level of distress and obesity, have been studied in association with the disorder; however, findings were conflicting. For example, in an internet survey of general population in Japan, positive relationships were found between physical inactivity, insufficient sleep, meals irregularly, insufficient intake of vegetable and meat and being highly susceptible to stress, as independent predictors, with IBS symptoms [3]. However, smoking -as a risk factor for IBS- was not taken into account in that study. Another survey has also documented that children with IBS were susceptible to stress and had impaired sleep and eating habits [4]. In Lebanese adults, being water pipe smoker and alcohol consumer were associated with a higher prevalence of IBS; while cigarettes smoking, and physical exercise were not significantly associated with IBS occurrence [5]. Individuals with IBS in London habitually had more intake of sodium and low intake of fiber, selenium and iodine, as well as having low scores for diet quality [6]. However, a cross-sectional study among IBS patients in the United Kingdom showed that the balance of energy macronutrients was favorable, intakes of selected micronutrients significantly exceeded the reference nutrient intakes [7]. Another investigation in Sweden found the same results in IBS patients compared with control group from a nation-wide dietary survey [8]. Most of these studies have focused on the relation of a certain","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115457251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micrornas, Small Gene Regulators with High Therapeutic Promise in Oncology","authors":"V. Trézéguet, C. Grosset","doi":"10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000565","url":null,"abstract":"Since their discovery in the mid-1990s, microRNAs (miRNAs) have captured the attention of the scientific community by their ability to post-transcriptionally and subtly regulate a large but still poorly defined set of gene targets and to control most cellular and molecular processes, making them central effectors of gene reprogramming and cell functioning under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. In this mini-review we summarize step by step the molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA biogenesis and mRNA regulation, the latter depending directly on the duration of the miRNA-mediated translational arrest and the integrity of the transcript extremities. We also discuss the nomenclature of miRNAs, the pairing rules between a miRNA and its target through the seed sequence, and the remarkable complexity of the interactions between thousands of genes and miRNAs in a cell at the origin of a regulatory and communicative network that intriguingly evokes the neuronal interconnections occurring in the brain. We recall that miRNAs are not only intracellular gene regulators but also trans-communicators capable of operating remotely from their production site in blood-circulating macrovesicles or exosomes. We stress their role in tissue carcinogenesis and their use as antitumoral agents with two examples of miRNAs that have reached the clinic but with various successes. Finally, we conclude by stating that despites the many obstacles to be overcome, miRNAs remain major candidates for therapeutic use in cancer and therefore, the scientific community should continue its efforts to pursue investigations in the field of miRNA to develop intelligent, safe and controllable systems and vectors for miRNA delivery.","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130961037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why One Anastomosis (Mini-) Gastric Bypass May Cause Less Immediate Dumping than Roux- En-Y Gastric Bypass: An Opinion","authors":"J. Himpens","doi":"10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000563","url":null,"abstract":"The laparoscopic one anastomosis (mini-) gastric bypass (OAGB) is quickly gaining popularity as a bariatric-metabolic operation. One of the main reasons of the increase in popularity is without any doubtthe technical ease of the procedure. However, there are other possible benefits that may help explain the increasing numbers. One of the benefits may be the alleged reduction of incidence and importance of the immediate dumping syndrome, which is still considered one of the major drawbacks of the gastric bypass [1]. Nowadays, the difference between the Roux-en-Y (RYGB) and OAGB tends to be limited to the interposition of a 60 cm long alimentary limb in the former, whereas this limb, by definition, does not exist in the latter. Indeed, “modern” versions of the RYGB imply a long (150cm) biliopancreatic limb -which happens to be the recommended length of the biliopancreatic limb in the OAGB-, and a rather short (60cm) alimentary limb [2]. Even the gastric pouch of the RYGB more and more resembles the pouch of the OAGB, as surgeons make the pouch longer and skinnier, and certainly perform a rather wide gastro-enterostomy [3].","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116538331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Gallbladder Cholesterosis","authors":"Morozov Ia","doi":"10.31031/GMR.2019.02.000562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/GMR.2019.02.000562","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a new view on the pathogenesis of cholesterosis of the gallbladder, formed on the basis of the morphological study of a large number of gallbladders after cholecystectomy using modern. Methods: Light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry. Essentially new information is given on the structure of the gallbladder wall and its pathomorphosis in the dynamics of the disease. The phenomenon of endocytosis absorption of bile micelles by absorptive epithelial cells and their penetration into their own plate is described for the first time. It is this process that triggers the activation of histiocytes and their transformation into tissue macrophages. For the first time, using immunohistochemistry, it was proved that only macrophages are the phenotypic precursor of foam cells. Conclusion: The etiological factor of cholesterosis is general disorders of the body’s lipid metabolism and the following changes in the metabolizing properties of absorbent biliary epithelium cells, as well as the synthetic and secretory functions of tissue macrophages.","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124586498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease in The Elderly – Knowledge Gaps and Potential Directions in Research","authors":"W. Fries","doi":"10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000560","url":null,"abstract":"Elderly patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are becoming more frequent in incidence and prevalence. Several topics concerning this particular population have been investigated in the last years but data are still insufficient and current guidelines frequently do not address this problem. The aim of this brief review was to highlight knowledge gaps in this setting of patients. To our opinion, the main gaps in literature concern therapy and prophylaxis of thromboembolism, fracture risk, response to pharmacological therapies, nutrition, faecal incontinence, and post surgical recurrence.","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129225109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-4 retards liver fibrosis in BALB/c mice model of carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4)-associated with decreased CD80 and interleukin-12 expressions","authors":"J. Amer, S. Hattab, R. Safadi","doi":"10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000559","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: BALB/c mice showed easily induced Th2-type responses in several infection models. Certain macrophage phenotypes contribute to liver fibrosis. We characterized changes in macrophages phenotype (M1/M2) during fibrogenesis in liver fibrosis mice model. Methods: Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) hepatic-fibrosis was induced in BALB/c mice. Liver macrophages isolated were identified for M1 and M2 by CD80/iNOS and CD273 (programmed death ligand 2 (PDL2)/CD206, respectively. IL-4 were induced i.p along week-2 to week-4 of CCl 4 . Liver proteins were assessed for aSMA expressions, histology and ALT levels. Results: CCl 4 -induced hepatic-fibrosis showed increased CD273 (from 20.1%± 3.1in naïve mice to 27.8%±3.2 in fibrotic mice; P=0.01) while gradual decrease in CD80 (from 12%±6.2 in naïve mice to 1.97%±0.4 in fibrotic mice; P<0.02). The overall data showed decreased M1/M2 ratio. M2-macrophages showed inhibited expressions of IFN-g, IL-12 and vitamin-D-receptor (VDR) while high TGF-b levels. ALT, H&E staining intensities and aSMA showed gradually increased along fibrosis while metabolic markers of serum insulin, vitamin D and VDR decreased. IL-4 inductions while inhibited fibrosis it elevated metabolic markers. Conclusions: M2-macrophages express less IFN-g and IL-12, which might indicate inability differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells. IL-4 has an anti-fibrotic effects through antagonize M2-macrophages of TGF-b and ameliorating insulin, vitamin D, VDR and consequently attenuated liver-fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122691274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Amyotrophic Sclerosis and Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation","authors":"Álvaro Zamudio-Tiburcio, H. Bermúdez-Ruiz, P. Reyes-López","doi":"10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/gmr.2019.03.000558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127581626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Battle against Measles in Pakistan-the Current Scenario","authors":"I. Qadri","doi":"10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/GMR.2019.03.000556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130011,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology: Medicine & Research","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123229261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}