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A Spiral of Unmanged Conflict: The Case of the Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar 失控冲突的螺旋式上升:缅甸罗兴亚危机的案例
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3735306
Bismark Osei Boateng
{"title":"A Spiral of Unmanged Conflict: The Case of the Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar","authors":"Bismark Osei Boateng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3735306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3735306","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Global conflict tracker, the Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar is a sectarian conflict which in June and October 2012, emanated and intensified the century-old conflict in the predominantly Buddhist country, more than one hundred thousand Muslim Rohingyas were internally displaced, and hundreds killed. This paper will incorporate the theory of spiral of unmanaged conflict and have a look at the incompatibilities which the conflict reflects.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125965234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pas de Deux of Illegal and Legal Corruption in America 美国非法和合法腐败的双人舞
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3726358
Oguzhan Dincer, Michael D. Johnston
{"title":"Pas de Deux of Illegal and Legal Corruption in America","authors":"Oguzhan Dincer, Michael D. Johnston","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3726358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3726358","url":null,"abstract":"American states vary in their ethical climates, but a lack of data impedes comparisons. Based on a survey of reporters covering state politics, we construct new indices measuring illegal and legal corruption in the states. Illegal corruption is private gain, in the form of cash or gifts, by a government official in exchange for specific benefits to private interests; legal corruption is political gain in the form of campaign contributions or endorsements by an official in exchange for such benefits, whether by explicit or implicit understanding. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to capture the difference between the two in America. We find that states vary widely on both dimensions and there is a complementary relationship between illegal and legal corruption which is bidirectional.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121066865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corporate Wealth and Income Inequality 企业财富与收入不平等
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3718648
H. Khan, C. T. Shehzad, Atif Saeed Chaudry
{"title":"Corporate Wealth and Income Inequality","authors":"H. Khan, C. T. Shehzad, Atif Saeed Chaudry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3718648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3718648","url":null,"abstract":"We show Patrimonial Capitalism at the meso-level; using a panel of 105,970 publicly listed firms from 83 countries for 2000–2019, we find a positive effect of corporate-capital/labor-income ratio on income inequality of the hosting country, arguably via the channel of classical corporate financing (Khan et al., 2020). This effect is robust against endogeneity of government expenditure and economic development, alternative measurement of income inequality, and sample restrictions to high-income economies, OECD-member countries, and the pre-global financial crisis period. The empirical evidence is pioneering in terms of its generalizability across economies, owing to the employment of a diverse panel of firms operating in countries from every region and income level, and addressing issues of temporal inconsistency, imputation, cross-country standardization, and underreporting prevalent in contemporary data on the personal distribution of income and wealth.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130415614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mind the Gap: Inheritance and Inequality in Retirement Wealth 注意差距:退休财富的继承和不平等
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3715747
Oscar Stolper, Lukas Brenner
{"title":"Mind the Gap: Inheritance and Inequality in Retirement Wealth","authors":"Oscar Stolper, Lukas Brenner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3715747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3715747","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on detailed German panel data, we find that gifts and inheritances substantially increase households’ private pension savings in accounts which are costly or impossible to withdraw prematurely. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that (a) the average difference in bequest-induced private pension savings between heirs and non-heirs accrues to more than 40,000 euros at retirement, and that (b) it would take an average non-heir household roughly 14 years to match this gap. The sizable difference in private pension savings between heirs and non-heirs persists when we take into account other investments of heirs and non-heirs potentially intended to provide for old age. Our evidence supports the impact of gifts and inheritances on inequality in retirement wealth highlighted in recent research on intergenerational justice. We discuss several policy implications of our results. An online appendix will become available shortly.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134147984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mission Capture 任务捕获
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3368217
Michael P Carniol, Paul E. Fischer
{"title":"Mission Capture","authors":"Michael P Carniol, Paul E. Fischer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3368217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3368217","url":null,"abstract":"Private organizations that produce public goods commonly accept restricted contributions. We analyze a model in which the voluntary acceptance of a restricted contribution can force an organization to alter the nature of public goods produced, which we call mission capture. Our analysis identifies factors that determine the likelihood of mission capture, assesses the ex ante welfare implications of possible mission capture, and considers the critical role disclosure can play in managing the welfare implications of possible mission capture.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"9 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114614603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Separable Utility and Taste-Independence: An Escape Route from the Opportunity Paradox 可分离效用与品味独立性:机会悖论的一条出路
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3734415
Jun Matsui
{"title":"Separable Utility and Taste-Independence: An Escape Route from the Opportunity Paradox","authors":"Jun Matsui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3734415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3734415","url":null,"abstract":"We provide an escape route from the opportunity paradox, which is described as a conflict between the ex ante and the ex post perspectives of compensation, by restricting the preference domain. Taste-independent utility is introduced as a property of preferences such that individuals' maximized utility levels are the same regardless of their tastes for work. Using the optimal income taxation model, we demonstrate that if parametric utility functions are separable in consumption and labor supply, then they are taste-independent. We obtain a compatibility theorem when utility functions are quasilinear in consumption.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115269604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Still the Lands of Equality? On the Heterogeneity of Individual Factor Income Shares in the Nordics 还是平等之地吗?北欧国家个人要素收入份额的异质性研究
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3805685
R. Iacono, E. Palagi
{"title":"Still the Lands of Equality? On the Heterogeneity of Individual Factor Income Shares in the Nordics","authors":"R. Iacono, E. Palagi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3805685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3805685","url":null,"abstract":"As far as standard measures of income inequality are concerned, the Nordic countries rank among the most equal economies in the world. This paper studies whether and how this picture changes when the focus is on inequality of income composition, meaning the heterogeneity in individuals' factor income shares. We highlight the structural change taking place in all the Nordic countries since the early 1990s, with rising inequality in composition of individual incomes due mostly to a shift in capital incomes towards the top of the distribution. We link this result to changes in taxation of factor incomes, by highlighting the role played by the introduction of Dual Income Taxation reforms in the 1990s throughout the Nordic countries. Our estimates of the degree of income composition inequality allow a descriptive analysis of the role of functional distribution as a determinant of personal income inequality in the Nordics. We show that for Denmark in the period 2009 - 2013, Finland 1990 - 2007, and Norway 1991 - 2005, rising capital shares of income contributed to changes in personal income inequality, whilst for Sweden the evidence leads to disregard the capital share as a determinant of income inequality.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124473275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Welfare Criterion with Endogenous Welfare Weights for Belief Disagreement Models 信念分歧模型的内生福利权福利准则
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3094759
Jeong Ho (John) Kim, Byung-Cheol Kim
{"title":"A Welfare Criterion with Endogenous Welfare Weights for Belief Disagreement Models","authors":"Jeong Ho (John) Kim, Byung-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3094759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3094759","url":null,"abstract":"While belief disagreement models have played an important role in explaining bubbles, over-trading, and speculation, measuring social welfare in those models has been a challenge. This is because the social planner may not know the objective probabilities or whose subjective beliefs to elect under belief disagreements. We propose a novel welfare criterion that endogenously determines sensible welfare weights based on competitive equilibrium allocation as a benchmark. Applying it to several models with heterogeneous beliefs, we show how regulation in moderation, rather than tight control of the market, can be optimal even in the presence of heterogeneous beliefs.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123298098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal Technology Design 最佳工艺设计
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3720594
Daniel F. Garrett, G. Georgiadis, Alex Smolin, Balázs Szentes
{"title":"Optimal Technology Design","authors":"Daniel F. Garrett, G. Georgiadis, Alex Smolin, Balázs Szentes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3720594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3720594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers a moral hazard model with (i) a risk-neutral agent and (ii) agent limited liability. Prior to interacting with the principal, the agent designs the production technology, which is a specification of the agent's cost of generating each output distribution with support contained in [0,1]. After observing the production technology, the principal offers a payment scheme and then the agent chooses a distribution over outputs. First, we show that there is an optimal design involving only binary distributions on {0,1}; that is, the cost of any other distribution is prohibitively high. Then, we characterize the equilibrium technology defined on the binary distributions and show that the equilibrium payoff of both the principal and the agent is 1/e. A notable feature of the equilibrium is that the principal is indifferent between offering the equilibrium bonus rewarding output one and anything less than that. Finally, the analysis of the model is shown to generalize to the case where the agent is risk averse.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133104834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Cost-benefit analysis of coal-plant repurposing in developing countries 发展中国家燃煤电厂改造的成本效益分析
Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal Pub Date : 2020-09-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3646443
G. Shrimali, A. Jindal
{"title":"Cost-benefit analysis of coal-plant repurposing in developing countries","authors":"G. Shrimali, A. Jindal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3646443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3646443","url":null,"abstract":"Countries retiring old, polluting and uneconomical coal plants are looking to repurpose them for productive end uses. In this paper, we undertake a cost-benefit analysis for a representative coal plant (1000 MW) and examine the value proposition of repurposing over decommissioning for coal plants across three repurposing options- solar, battery energy storage system (BESS) and synchronous condenser (SynCON). Our main findings include the following. First, the benefits of repurposing outweigh corresponding costs of decommissioning – while the direct, indirect and total decommissioning costs are $58.11 million, $59.31 million and $117.42 million, respectively; the corresponding repurposing benefits are up to $122.79 million, $605.94 million and $728.73 million, respectively. Second, the direct and indirect system benefits of repurposing cover at least 60.02% of the capital expenditure of the repurposing option(s). Finally, based on high vintage, high energy charges, and key qualitative factors; we identify a prospective list of Indian coal plants suited for repurposing. Our empirical estimation of costs and benefits provide evidence that repurposing makes an economic case for retiring coal plants over plain decommissioning. The framework developed under this analysis could act as a useful guide for developing countries with sizeable coal capacity nearing retirement such as South Africa, Chile and India.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129045668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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