Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Distant But Close in Sight. Firm-Level Evidence on French-German Productivity Gaps in Manufacturing","authors":"T. Grebel, M. Napoletano, L. Nesta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3738074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3738074","url":null,"abstract":"We study the productivity level distributions of manufacturing firms in France and Germany, and how these distributions evolved across the Great Recession. We show the presence of a systematic productivity advantage of German firms over French ones in the decade 2003-2013, but the gap has narrowed down after the Great Recession. Convergence is explained by the better growth performance of French firms in the post-recession period, especially of those located in the top percentiles of the productivity distribution. We also highlight the role of sectoral growth, firm size and export intensity in explaining the above convergence. In contrast, the contribution of allocative efficiency was small.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123435483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism Design for Unequal Societies","authors":"Marco Reuter, Carl-Christian Groh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3688376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3688376","url":null,"abstract":"We study optimal mechanisms for a utilitarian designer who seeks to assign multiple units of an indivisible good to a group of agents with unit demand. The agents have heterogeneous marginal utilities of money, which implies that utility is not perfectly transferable between them. Heterogeneous marginal utilities of money may naturally arise in environments where agents have different wealth endowments. We show that the ex post efficient allocation rule is not optimal in our setting. Firstly, a high willingness to pay may stem from a low marginal utility of money. Moreover, the transfer rule does not only facilitate implementation of the desired social choice function in our setting, but also directly affects social welfare. In the optimal mechanism, rationing may occur, which entails a conflict between ex ante and ex post efficiency. In an extension, we show that it is still not utilitarian optimal to allocate the good solely based on willingness to pay even when redistribution is not possible. Finally, we highlight how our mechanism can be implemented as an auction with minimum bids and bidding subsidies.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115121440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Benefit Analysis of a Woolen Industry","authors":"Ravinder Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3687116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3687116","url":null,"abstract":"Cost Benefit analysis of woolen industry is discussed about for consistent state using Regenerative Point Graphical Technique. Woolen industry isolated into four subsystems. Fuzzy logic is being applied to decide the disappointment condition of subsystems. A single repairman is available 24*7. Particular cases are produced to study the results of repair/failure rates on mtsf, availability, number of server visits and busy period of the server. Profit optimization is also discussed with the help of figures and tables.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116734001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematics of the Armington, Krugman and Melitz Models with Multiple Sectors and Heterogeneous Regions, With Detailed Derivations","authors":"Edward J. Balistreri, David G. Tarr","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517390","url":null,"abstract":"We provide detailed textbook style mathematical derivations of an extended version of the heterogenous firms model of Melitz (2003), as well as the Armington (1969) and Krugman (1980) models. Our model of heterogeneous firms extends the model of Melitz (2003) by allowing multiple sectors, intermediates, heterogeneous regions based on data, labor-leisure choice, initial heterogeneous tariffs as well as iceberg trade costs, multiple factors of production and the possibility of sector-specific inputs. Balistreri and Tarr (2019) apply these models to data where they assess the relative welfare impacts of trade cost reductions. We hope this will be a clear roadmap for understanding and constructing modern multi-sector, multi-region international trade models that must be fitted to data.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131103323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Equitability and Labor Participation","authors":"Elmira Ashtari, A. Mazyaki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674417","url":null,"abstract":"While the “relative Gini coefficient” is one of the common criteria for measuring inequality, people’s perception of inequality seems to go beyond this criterion. Hence, self-report of subjective well-being (SWB) is becoming the focus of studies in public policies to improve social welfare. Since such statistics are not currently available in Iran, we are seeking for the best possible measure that can reflect subjective inequality of individuals with existing data. Investigating this issue besides people’s reaction to feeling deprived sheds light on an important attitude of the society, and is useful in policy design. This is because as a result of feeling inequitable, some people may stop their economic participation, while others try to be constructive and increase their economic activity. In this regard, we first introduce a criterion for the representation of subjective inequality at the individual level, and investigate the results of measuring subjective inequality for nominal and real values, urban and rural areas, as well as by the gender groups. We then address the effect of this perceived inequality on the economic participation of individuals. Accordingly, we distinguish the effects of subjective inequality on economic participation by age groups in the range of 15 to 65 years. The results indicate that the subjective inequality among women is greater than men, and is increasing over the years under study. It also appears that the increase in perceived equitability has had its most destructive effect on the middle class, deciles 5-8, while lower deciles react constructively in subjective deprivation.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133086606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cross-Sectional Impact of Income Inequality on Life Quality Indicators","authors":"X. Xi","doi":"10.20474/jabs-6.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-6.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the consequences that income inequality exerts on the life quality in a subset of selected countries. Specifically, I examine the impact of (log) GDP per capita and the Gini coefficient of income inequality on a set of life quality indicators. First, both life expectancy and infant mortality are improved when there is less inequality and the country is wealthier. Second, the effect on crime statistics is more mixed. While theft increases with GDP per capita, the inequality does not seem to play a role; conversely, homicide increases in inequality but remains unaffected by GDP. Plausible explanations for these empirical observations are offered throughout the paper.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114443379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity of Effort in Contests with Few or Many Winners","authors":"Dimitry Rtischev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679105","url":null,"abstract":"The paper applies multi-prize contest theory to explore the connection between scarcity of prizes and intensity of competition. Equilibrium levels of effort are compared across contests that differ in the number of prizes and in which the utility of winning or losing is influenced by the relative numbers of winners and losers. Application to the study of socioeconomic competition is discussed.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126042616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interaction Effect of Gender and Ethnicity in Loan Approval: A Bayesian Estimation with Data from a Laboratory Field Experiment","authors":"R. Gonzales Martínez, Gabriela Aguilera-Lizarazu, Andrea Rojas-Hosse, Patricia Aranda Blanco","doi":"10.1111/rode.12607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12607","url":null,"abstract":"Microfinance targets women and uses loan provision as a tool for empowerment, which translates into better household nutrition, improved education, and a scale down of domestic violence. However, ethnic discrimination in microfinance may exist in countries with a segregated indigenous population. We assessed this possibility with a field experiment in Bolivia. The controlled laboratory experiment evaluated whether credit officers rejected microloan applications based on the interaction effect of ethnicity and gender of potential borrowers. Point estimates of a Bayesian mixed‐effects logistic regression, estimated with the experimental data, indicate that nonindigenous women have double the chance of loan approval, but indigenous women have only 1.5 times the chance of loan approval when compared with men. While the findings about gender are limited, the evidence for the interaction of gender and ethnicity is more robust and suggests the existence of positive taste‐based discrimination favorable for nonethnic women in Bolivia. We conclude that the affirmative actions towards women promoted by development agencies and microfinance institutions must not overlook ethnicity as an important factor for financial policies of sustainable development. In practice, these policies should be aimed at identifying and reducing both social desirability bias and the structural barriers to financial inclusion that indigenous women may face when trying to obtain access to a loan.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124491471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Failure to Grapple with Racial Capitalism in European Constitutionalism","authors":"Jeffrey Miller, F. Nicola","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3647178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3647178","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1980s prominent scholars of European legal integration have used the example of U.S. constitutionalism to promote a federal vision for the European Community. These scholars, drawing lessons from developments across the Atlantic, concluded that the U.S. Supreme Court had played a key role in fostering national integration and market liberalization. They foresaw the possibility for the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to be a catalyst for a similar federal and constitutional outcome in Europe. The present contribution argues that the scholars who constructed today’s dominant European constitutional paradigm underemphasized key aspects of the U.S. constitutional experience, including judgments that favored states’ rights doctrines that buttressed the social plagues of slavery and laissez faire policies that reinforced economic inequality. This selective reception of the U.S. experience, bracketing racial subordination and neoliberal policies under the rubric of states’ rights, propelled European constitutionalism into a neverland—one that claimed to draw inspiration from U.S. constitutionalism, while simultaneously dismissing as irrelevant some of its most profound socio-economic challenges. This is important, we argue, because the dominant European constitutional paradigm not only provides a distorted picture of U.S. constitutionalism, but also inhibits a deeper understanding of the European one due to its inability to grapple with racial capitalism, embedded both in its colonial past and its present ECJ antidiscrimination jurisprudence.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127064072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Системно-интегративен подход в научните изследвания социална икономика и социална ефективност (System-Integrative Approach in Research Social Economy and Social Efficiency)","authors":"Venelin Terziev, Olga Andreeva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3644148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3644148","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Определение социальной эффективности и социальных технологий лежит в основе методов и моделей оценки с учетом широкого спектра объективных и субъективных факторов. Методологии оценки эффективности социальной програмы (проекта) связаны с ориентацией социальной системы на социальную защиту и социальное обслуживание населения и использованием процессного подхода и перехода к программно-целевым методам, с изложением основных проблем, механизмов социальных услуг и задач для измерения, определения основных требований для оценки эффективности социального программирования и различных этапов. Рассматривая все эти вопросы, в исследовании предлагается модель для оценки эффективности социального программирования, основанная на подходе «организационная эффективность» и охватывающая набор элементов - систему получения ресурсов, выбора целей, оценки воздействия внешней среды, выбора стратегии, следуя принципу «что если» и приоритетам в социальной деятельности, возникающим в результате динамических изменений в социальной среде.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Defining social efficiency and social technology is the core element of evaluation methods and models, taking into account a wide range of objective and subjective factors. The evaluation methods of social programmes (projects) efficiency are related to the social system’s orientation towards social protection and social services of the population and the use of the process approach and the transition to programme-target methods, outlining the main issues and mechanisms for social services and tasks for assessment, determining the basic requirements for efficiency evaluation of social programming and the various stages. Considering all these matters, the research offers social programming efficiency evaluation model based on “organizational efficiency” approach that covers a number of certain elements: system for resources acquisition, choice of goals, assessment of the impact on the external environment, choice of strategy, following the “what if” principle and the priorities of social activity, arising from the dynamic changes in social environment.","PeriodicalId":129815,"journal":{"name":"Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}