{"title":"Determinants of exercise tolerance in HFpEF: role of the heart versus the periphery.","authors":"Nicholas P Bergeron, Yogesh N V Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10545-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-025-10545-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucija Cosic, Francesca Musella, Alberto Palazzuoli, Jozine M Ter Maaten
{"title":"Let the drinks flow in chronic heart failure? Insights from the FRESH-UP study.","authors":"Lucija Cosic, Francesca Musella, Alberto Palazzuoli, Jozine M Ter Maaten","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10544-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-025-10544-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased neurohormonal activation leading to sodium and water retention. Consequently, sodium and fluid restriction have long been pragmatic cornerstones in the management of HF, despite the lack of high-quality evidence to support their efficacy. This meeting report reviews the recently published Fluid Restriction in Heart Failure versus Liberal Uptake (FRESH-UP) trial, an open-label, randomized controlled study comparing restricted fluid intake (1500 mL/day) with liberal intake in patients with stable, chronic HF. At 6 weeks, the observed difference in daily fluid intake between the two arms was 284 mL, which was not associated with significant differences in health-related quality of life or safety, challenging the longstanding practice of routine fluid restriction. We provide a comprehensive analysis of these findings in the context of prior evidence and conclude that liberal fluid intake appears safe in patients with stable chronic HF on optimized guideline-directed medical therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamila Florek, Katarzyna Komorowska, Jakub Ptak, Michał Jarocki, Joanna Gontarczyk, Roksana Mania, Anna Boluk, Ewa Żurawska-Płaksej, Łukasz Łaczmański, Mateusz Sokolski
{"title":"Gut microbiota's role in heart failure.","authors":"Kamila Florek, Katarzyna Komorowska, Jakub Ptak, Michał Jarocki, Joanna Gontarczyk, Roksana Mania, Anna Boluk, Ewa Żurawska-Płaksej, Łukasz Łaczmański, Mateusz Sokolski","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10543-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-025-10543-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) is complex, and from an immunological perspective, the \"gut-heart axis\" plays a pivotal role in its development. The composition of gut microbiota differs significantly between HF patients and healthy individuals, with variations observed across different nations, HF etiologies, and stages defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Moreover, gut-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) influence HF progression through specific mechanisms and signaling pathways. Notably, medications recommended in cardiovascular diseases and advanced interventions applied in HF, such as heart transplantation requiring immunosuppressive therapy or the implantation of mechanical circulatory support devices, are associated with significant alterations in gut microbiota composition. However, these mechanisms are still not well-established. This review aims to summarize current data on the impact of the gut microbiome on HF progression and treatment, encompassing both standard medical treatment and advanced therapies of HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart Failure ReviewsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1007/s10741-025-10500-7
Andrew Ndakotsu, Tagbo Charles Nduka, Simran Agrawal, Edinen Asuka
{"title":"Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: comprehensive insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.","authors":"Andrew Ndakotsu, Tagbo Charles Nduka, Simran Agrawal, Edinen Asuka","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10500-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10741-025-10500-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a cardiac dysfunction linked to chronic liver disease, primarily characterized by impaired cardiac response to stress, despite normal baseline function. It presents with both systolic and diastolic dysfunction, along with electrophysiological changes such as QT interval prolongation. CCM is driven by a combination of systemic inflammation, nitric oxide-induced vasodilation, and neurohormonal dysregulation, leading to myocardial impairment and abnormal vascular responses. Clinically, CCM often remains asymptomatic at rest, but patients may experience exercise intolerance or heart failure during stress. Diagnosis includes echocardiographic evaluation, biomarker analysis (NT-proBNP, troponins), and electrocardiography for detecting electrophysiologic abnormalities. Management is complicated by cirrhosis, limiting the use of conventional heart failure treatments, with liver transplantation being the most definitive intervention in severe cases. Early detection of CCM is vital, particularly for patients undergoing liver transplantation or major surgery, where cardiac complications can increase mortality. Further research is necessary to refine diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"739-748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart Failure ReviewsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1007/s10741-025-10502-5
Song Peng Ang, Jia Ee Chia, Debabrata Mukherjee
{"title":"Emerging, novel gene-modulating therapies for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Song Peng Ang, Jia Ee Chia, Debabrata Mukherjee","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10502-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10741-025-10502-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive, life-threatening disease caused by the pathological deposition of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein in the myocardium, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. While TTR stabilizers such as tafamidis and acoramidis are the only FDA-approved treatments, novel gene-modulating therapies are emerging as transformative approaches. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies effectively reduce TTR production and have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes, though their use in cardiac amyloidosis remains investigational. CRISPR-Cas9 therapies represent a paradigm shift, offering a potential one-time treatment by permanently silencing the TTR gene. Recent clinical trials have shown significant TTR reduction and stabilization of disease biomarkers, although long-term safety and efficacy require further evaluation. Despite the lack of direct comparisons among these modalities, their emergence highlights a promising future for ATTR-CM management. This review discusses the pathogenesis of ATTR-CM, mechanisms of novel gene-modulating therapies, clinical evidence, challenges, and the future outlook for advancing treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"759-770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart Failure ReviewsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1007/s10741-025-10489-z
Franziska Koppe-Schmeißer, Karl Fengler, Karl-Patrik Kresoja, Philipp Lurz, Karl-Philipp Rommel
{"title":"Renal denervation in the setting of heart failure.","authors":"Franziska Koppe-Schmeißer, Karl Fengler, Karl-Patrik Kresoja, Philipp Lurz, Karl-Philipp Rommel","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10489-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10741-025-10489-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal Denervation (RDN) has emerged over the last decade as a third pillar in the treatment of arterial hypertension, alongside pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications. Mechanistically, it reduces central sympathetic overactivation, a process also relevant to heart failure. In this mini-review, we summarize the development of RDN for heart failure, discuss the current evidence supporting its effects, and provide an outlook on future developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"707-714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart Failure ReviewsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10441-7
Jose Arriola-Montenegro, Pornthira Mutirangura, Hassan Akram, Adamantios Tsangaris, Despoina Koukousaki, Michael Tschida, Joel Money, Marinos Kosmopoulos, Mikako Harata, Andrew Hughes, Andras Toth, Tamas Alexy
{"title":"Noninvasive biometric monitoring technologies for patients with heart failure.","authors":"Jose Arriola-Montenegro, Pornthira Mutirangura, Hassan Akram, Adamantios Tsangaris, Despoina Koukousaki, Michael Tschida, Joel Money, Marinos Kosmopoulos, Mikako Harata, Andrew Hughes, Andras Toth, Tamas Alexy","doi":"10.1007/s10741-024-10441-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10741-024-10441-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure remains one of the leading causes of mortality and hospitalizations in the US that not only impacts quality of life but also poses a significant public health burden. The majority of affected patients are admitted with signs and symptoms of congestion. Despite the initial enthusiasm, traditional remote monitoring strategies focusing primarily on weight gain failed to improve clinical outcomes. Implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensors provide earlier and actionable data, but most patients would favor forgoing an invasive procedure in favor of an alternative, non-invasive monitoring platform. Several devices utilizing different combinations of multiparameter monitoring to reliably detect congestion have recently been developed and are undergoing testing in the clinical setting. Combining these sensors with the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning has the potential to revolutionize remote patient monitoring and early congestion detection and to facilitate timely interventions by the care team to prevent hospitalization. This manuscript provides an objective review of novel, noninvasive, multiparameter remote monitoring platforms that may be tailored to individual heart failure phenotypes, aiming to improve quality of life and survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"657-672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart Failure ReviewsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1007/s10741-025-10501-6
Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou
{"title":"Leptin and heart failure: the chicken or the egg?","authors":"Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10501-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10741-025-10501-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptin plays a dual role in heart failure (HF), acting as either a primary driver or a secondary phenomenon depending on the HF subtype. In HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), chronic hyperleptinemia is a primary mediator of disease initiation and progression, closely linked to obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Elevated leptin levels promote systemic inflammation, sympathetic nervous system activation, arterial stiffness, myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and sodium retention, culminating in diastolic dysfunction and elevated ventricular filling pressures. Conversely, in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), elevated leptin levels arise as a secondary response to myocardial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and tissue hypoperfusion. Here, leptin exacerbates cardiac dysfunction by amplifying neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and cardiac remodeling. Understanding these distinct roles has potential therapeutic implications. In HFpEF, interventions such as weight loss, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists can improve symptoms and prognosis, partly by mitigating chronic hyperleptinemia. Furthermore, leptin-specific therapies should be investigated in clinical trials as potential approach in managing cardiometabolic HFpEF. In HFrEF, management focuses on guideline-directed therapies targeting neurohormonal activation-the key mechanism driving disease progression. However, future research should explore whether modulating leptin signaling could provide additional benefits translated in hard clinical endpoints. By framing leptin as the initiator (\"chicken\") in HFpEF and a consequence (\"egg\") in HFrEF, this manuscript highlights the need for individualized, integrated treatment strategies. Addressing both metabolic and cardiovascular components could potentially further improve patient outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"749-757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart Failure ReviewsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1007/s10741-025-10485-3
Leila Anna De Lorenzo, Claudia Baratto, Davide Sala, Giovanni Battista Perego, Sergio Caravita
{"title":"Left atrial shunting devices: why, what, how, and… when?","authors":"Leila Anna De Lorenzo, Claudia Baratto, Davide Sala, Giovanni Battista Perego, Sergio Caravita","doi":"10.1007/s10741-025-10485-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10741-025-10485-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Left atrial (LA) hypertension is central in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) in general and of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in particular. Despite approved treatments, a number of HF patients continue experiencing disabling symptoms due to LA hypertension, causing pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart dysfunction, at rest and/or during exercise. LA decompression therapies, i.e., left atrial shunting through a specifically designed device (either implant-based or implant-free), are being studied in various forms of HF to alleviate LA hypertension and patients' symptoms. Despite a solid background and favorable signals from initial non-randomized clinical trials, the quest for the optimal HF candidate for interatrial shunt devices is still an area of active research that at the same time is helping to better elucidate the intricate pathophysiology of HF(pEF).</p>","PeriodicalId":12950,"journal":{"name":"Heart Failure Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"685-696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}