Sechenov Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Plastic surgery of a critical defect in the tracheal wall using a cell engineering design and a stent in an experiment","authors":"A. Denisova, S. Dydykin, E. I. Safronova, N. Piskunova, A. Panteleyev, E. D. Grigoryevsky, S. I. Kolchenko","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.3.30-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.3.30-36","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To experimentally test a new method for plastic surgery of a critical defect in the tracheal wall using a cell engineering construction and a stent. Materials and methods. The object of the experiment was 13 Oryctolagus Chinchilla rabbits. To determine the critical size of the tracheal defect, a “Defects Group” (n=11) was created, divided into two subgroups depending on the width of the mucous and submucosal defect, the length of the defect was standard – 15 mm. Subgroup 1 included animals with a defect width of <50% of the tracheal circumference (n=5), subgroup 2 – animals with a defect width of ≥50% of the tracheal circumference (n=6). After critical tracheal defects were created, two more rabbits underwent plastic surgery using a cell-engineering construct fixed in the trachea's lumen using a vascular stent. (“Reconstruction Group”). After removing animals from the experiment, we performed a macro and microscopic examination. Results. In subgroup 1, postoperative mortality was not registered, animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 14th day. Macroscopically: a slight but noticeable tracheal narrowing, microscopically: a thin, weak submucosal layer and an epithelial film without purulent inflammation. In subgroup 2, postoperative mortality was 100% on the 4th day. Macroscopically: a hematoma at the site of defect, the mucous membrane is swollen, the lumen of the trachea and large bronchi is obstructed by mucus, microscopically: massive detritus. We recognise the defect in subgroup 2 as critical. In the “Reconstruction Group” postoperative mortality was not registered. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 14th and 20th days. The trachea is separated from the stent, the lumen is not narrowed, and the matrix is partially fragmented. Macroscopically: absence of severe hematoma and oedema, microscopically: multiple zones with the regeneration of the submucosal layer and mucosa. Conclusions. A critical tracheal defect in rabbits is an epithelial and submucosal defect with a length of 15 mm and a width of ≥50% of the circumference of the trachea. The plasticity of a critical defect with the help of a cell engineering design and a stent showed its viability in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128334286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative prospective study of biofeedback therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in rehabilitation of patients with pelvic floor dysfunctions","authors":"V. Krutova, A. Nadtochy","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.3.13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.3.13-21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined effects of biological feedback (BFB therapy) and electro-impulse stimulation (EIS) in rehabilitation of patients with pelvic floor dysfunctions. Materials and methods. A comparative prospective study included 235 women with clinical and ultrasound signs of genital prolapse stages I–IV according to POP-Q. The observation program was completed by 209 patients who were divided into group 1 with stage I–II prolapse and group 2 with stage III–IV prolapse. Vaginal extraperitoneal vaginopexy with installation of mesh implant was performed in group 2 patients before inclusion in the study. Lifestyle modification was recommended for all patients. In each group, patients were divided into subgroups of control and treatment (BOS-the-rapy and EIS). Group 1: subgroup A – control (n=47), subgroup B – treatment (n=56); group 2: subgroup C – control (n=49), subgroup D – treatment (n=57). Index of influence on the quality of life (IQOLI) and parameters of ultrasound were evaluated. Results. subgroup B IQOLI subgroup the initial value p <0.05). subgroup the of the anterior urethro-vesical the Valsalva test the alpha angle load, leveling or reducing signs of prolapse in all patients. In subgroup A, the ultrasound parameters did not change, the dynamics of the prolapse stages were not noted. After a year of the program, the size of the anterior urethro-vesical angle at rest statistically significantly decreased in subgroups C and D. In subgroup D, the rotation of the alpha angle during loading, the size of the anterior urethro-vesical angle during the Valsalva test, and the smoothness of the beta angle at rest also decreased. In subgroup C, 4 (8%) cases of recurrence of genital prolapse were recorded; in subgroup D, no relapses were observed ( p =0.023). Conclusion. In patients with genital prolapse, both I–II stages and III–IV stages after surgical treatment, the use of biofeedback therapy and EIS are more effective than the standard recommendations for lifestyle modification with regard to reducing IQOLI and changing ultrasound parameters. Adherence to rehabilitation program was 89%.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small doses of radiation activate a signaling pathway aimed at apoptosis inhibition in mesenchymal stem cells","authors":"A. A. Kaliyanov, M. Konkova, L. Kameneva, E. Malinovskaya, M. Abramova, O. Dolgikh, E. Ershova, N. Veiko, N. K. Golubeva, Umriukhin Pe, S. Kostyuk","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.3.4-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.3.4-12","url":null,"abstract":"We hypothesize that the anti-apoptotic response in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) under low doses of radiation may de-velop through the participation of an extracellular mediator of signal transmission between cells – fragments of oxidized cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Aim. To investigate the effect of radiation in low doses (10 sGy) and oxidized fragments of cfDNА on the activation of genes in MSCs signalling cascades that regulate the cellular response to DNA damage. Materials and methods. We investigated the effect of radiation in low doses (10 cGy) and fragments of oxidized cfDNA (concentration 50 ng/ml) on the activation of signalling gene cascades in MSC that regulate the cellular response to DNA damage. Results. We have shown, that in MSC under small doses of radiation for 15–40 minutes the transcriptional activity of proapoptotic genes is activated, the level of apoptosis increases and due to the death of part of the cells in the culture of MSC, fragments of oxidized cfDNA are formed. 3–72 hours later the expression of genes ING2, HUWE1, TP53, BBC3, NOXA, P53AIP1, BAX, BAK1, MMP7, ENDOG decreases 1.5–3 times ( p <0.01), which is accompanied by an increase of the antiapoptotic genes expression: BCL2, BCL2A1 (Bfl-1/A1), BCL2L1 (BCL-X), BIRC2 (c-IAP1) by 2–4 times ( p <0.001), and, as a result, a decrease in the level of apoptosis. Since the regulation of gene expression in MSC in response to radiation and to the action of the oxidized cfDNA fragments is the same, we can assume that one of the factors of stress signalling in the action of radiation in low doses can be cfDNA fragments of dead cells. Conclusion. Small doses of radiation and oxidized cfDNA may activate a signalling pathway in MSC, that regulates the response to DNA damage, leading to an antiapoptotic response.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of clinical guidelines on the management of hepatitis E","authors":"Э. Бакирова, П. О. Богомолов, О. Буеверов, V. E. Bakirova, Pavel O. Bogomolov, A. O. Bueverov, E. Liusina, Natalia Voronkova","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.3.45-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.3.45-53","url":null,"abstract":"Perceptions of hepatitis E have transformed over the past decade. This infection was common only in some developing countries. It is known now that hepatitis E occurs in most high - income countries and is largely a zoonotic infection. The review analyzes the relevant key publications and recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E. Theproblems of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hepatitis E caused by genotypes 3 and 4 are highlighted. It is shown that with symptoms of acute hepatitis for hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) it is advisable to test not only travelers returning from areas endemic for 1 or 2 genotypes (Asia, Africa, Mexico) and pregnant women, but also all patients, after excluding other reasons for changing liver tests. Testing for HEV is also recommended for patients with chronic liver disease with unexplained deterioration, for patients with immunosuppression and changes of liver tests, for patients with systemic manifestations of diseases of the nervous system. A combination of serological testing and nucleic acid amplification methods are recommended for the diagnosis of HEV infection. Treatment of HEV infection includes the use of antiviral therapy in severe cases; if possible, for patients who underwent transplantation of solid organs - a reduction in doses of immunosuppressive drugs for pregnant women - intensive therapy. Prevention of HEV infection is aimed at people with chronic liver diseases and receiving immunosuppressive therapy who should be excluded from the use of mollusks and poorly fried pig, boar and deer meat.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127920861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active surveillance for prostate cancer: to whom, when and how","authors":"M. Taratkin, E. Laukhtina, K. I. Adelman, Y. Alyaev, L. Rapoport, T. Alekseeva, D. Enikeev, P. Glybochko","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.3.37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.3.37-44","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common oncological disease among men. It is important to note that over 50% of the first identified primary malignant neoplasms of prostate are low - risk PCa. Recently, radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy have been the standard treatment options for PCa. According to recent data, patients with low - risk PCa have a favourable prognosis because of the slow progression of the disease. Some studies show no links between 10-year cancer - specific survival and treatment modalities and no progression even in the absence of therapy. Active surveillance (AS) allows avoiding unnecessary treatment in men who do not require immediate intervention but achieves the correct timing for curative treatment in those who eventually need it. According to the guidelines of the European Association of Urology, AS is one of the standard treatment options for low - risk PCa and should be consideredfor all patients in this category. The advantage of AS is to improve the quality of life in men with low - risk PCa and to delay surgical interventions as much as possible. However, despite widespread AS worldwide, there are only a few centres, which use it routinely in Russia. In this review, we would like to shed some light on the most important questions of AS strategy: what criteria should we use for selection of patients for AS strategy? How often should patient visit the urologist, control PSA level, and undergo prostate biopsy? When should a doctor change strategy and turn to active treatment? In this article, we considered indications for AS in men with PCa and showed the most recent data on the efficacy and relevance of this modality.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"23 2 PT. 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125783344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and risk factors for transient neonatal myasthenia","authors":"N. A. Khrushcheva, N. Shcherbakova, A. Shabalina, M. V. Kostyreva","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.2.54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.54-62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116585218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor action of an aminochromene derivative on human - derived lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model","authors":"E. Samishina, M. Dudina, E. Blinova, I. Suslova, O. Deryabina, D. Blinov, P. Zhdanov","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.2.14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study antitumor and anti - metastatic action of AKh-554, 2-Aminium-7-(Diethylamino)-4-(4-Metoxibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonytril N-Acetylamino - ethanoate, on in vivo model of lung adenocarcinoma patient - derived xenograft model. Materials and methods. In 40 immunodeficient nu/nu BALB/c female mice with heterotopic patient - derived lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model antitumor and anti - metastatic effects of 2-aminochromene derivative, AKh-554 at dose 50 mg/kg intragastrically during 7 days, were explored. Laboratory animals were randomly designated into four groups - intact mice, control, referent drug and main group. We used Cyclophosphamide as referent drug. In the tumor tissue of the animals treated with the derivative through intragastric rout we quantitively detected TUBB3, ALK and c-MET/HFG levels.Results. AKh-554 more than 7.5 times decreases both the growth rate and size of xenograft tumor when compared with control group ( p =0.001), and possesses an anti - metastatic effect. Experimental treatment up to 103±2 days increases the lifespan of tumor carriers ( p =0.001 when compared with the control; p =0.03 when compared with cyclophosphamide), and induces remission in 60% of all cases. The established effect is due to activation of tumor cells apoptosis associated with decrease in tumor tissue ALK concentration (2.77±0.54 ng/ml; p =0.001 when compared with the control and cyclophosphamide). Experimental models demonstrate no signs of pharmacological resistance to AX-554, which is confirmed by the absence of differences of c-MET/HFG tissue level in all the studied groups (0.16±0.07 ng/ml - control; 0.09±0.03 ng/ml - Cyclophosphamide; 0.10±0.04 ng/ml - AKh-554).Conclusions. AKh-554 more effectively than Cyclophosphamide inhibits xenograft tumor growth and its metastatic activity. The compound increases more than 3.3 times when compared with the control the lifespan of experimental animals and induces remission of the malignant process in 60% of tumor carriers. The compound anticancer property is due to anti-ALK-mediated activation of tumor cells’ apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation processes.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125391991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive citicoline administration is more effective than therapeutic in model of transient cerebral ischemia in rats","authors":"G. Sufianova, A. A. Sufianov, Shapkin Ag, M. S. Khlеstkina, A. Mashkin, R. Sufianov","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.2.21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.21-28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116637141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the zinc succinate toxic effect on the cerebral cortex of rat","authors":"G. Piavchenko, A. Alekseev, E. Seryogina, O. Stelmashchuk, E. Zherebtsov, A. Dunaev, S. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.2.29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.29-35","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Anthropogenic human activity contributes to the inclusion of zinc compounds in the biological cycle in areas where there is pollution with this metal. This leads to the accumulation of the substance in organs and tissues, which can have a neurotoxic effect on the body. Aim. To evaluate the toxic effect of zinc succinate on the structure and function of the cerebral cortex of laboratory rats. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 12 Wistar male rats aged 2 months. The animals were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental, 6 rats each. Within 30 days, the animals of the experimental group were intragastri-cally injected with a solution containing zinc succinate in a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats from group 1 served as intact controls. Fluorescent analysis of coenzyme activity of the brain was performed, for which excitation was used at wavelengths of 365 nm and 450 nm, which corresponds to the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); morphological analysis of the motor cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. Results. Analysis of fluorescence spectra demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in its intensity in the experimental group for the coenzyme NADH (0.855 [0.092]) compared with the control (0.709 [0.062]); p <0.05. Differences in the intensity of the fluorescence spectra for coenzyme FAD is not found. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of toxic and dystrophic processes in the cerebral cortex in animals of the experimental group: the vessels are predominantly full-blooded, in some places the expansion of the perivascular space is visualized, a small number of neurons in the form of shadow cells. Conclusion. The effect of zinc succinate on the structure of the cerebral cortex is characterized by a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of coenzyme NADH, and the absence of changes in the fluorescence of coenzyme FAD, which may in-dicate the initiation of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxygenation of neurons. Morphological analysis demon-strates the development of dystrophic changes.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130877298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of darbepoetin alpha in infants","authors":"A. Shchegolev, G. Sufianova, A. A. Sufianov, N. Ivanova, M. S. Khlestkina","doi":"10.47093/22187332.2019.2.63-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.63-69","url":null,"abstract":"Among the somatic pathology in young children, the most common is anemic syndrome. Until recently, the commonest method for correction of anemia was hemotransfusion, which allows to restore normal hemoglobin quickly, but has the high risk of complications. The main disadvantage of this method is the short - term positive effect and necessity of repeating donor red blood cell transfusions to prevent rapid progression of anemia. The currently available alternative is the use of an erythropoiesis - stimulating agent, which increases the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood by stimulating of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Modern erythropoiesis - stimulating agent and anti - anemic drug, registered in Russian Federation, is darbepoetin alpha. When developing this drug, a new approach was used to increase the number of sialic acid residues and the degree of glycolysis. This helped to achieve an optimal ratio between the activity and the half - life period of the drug and made possible to prescribe it with longer intervals between injections. Currently, there is evidence of effective and safe use of darbepoetin alpha in premature infants with low body weight, anemia, encephalopathy and chronic kidney disease.","PeriodicalId":129151,"journal":{"name":"Sechenov Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133292278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}