Gut Microbes最新文献

{"title":"The ladder of regulatory stringency and balance: an application to the US FDA's regulation of bacterial live therapeutics.","authors":"Moshe Maor, Hilit Levy Barazany, Ilana Kolodkin-Gal","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2517377","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2517377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The three main types of live bacterial therapies - probiotics, fecal/microbiome transplants, and engineered bacterial therapies - hold immense potential to revolutionize medicine. While offering targeted and personalized treatments for various diseases, these therapies also carry risks such as adverse immune reactions, antibiotic resistance, and the potential for unintended consequences. Therefore, developing and deploying these therapies necessitates a robust regulatory framework to protect public health while fostering innovation. In this paper, we propose a novel conceptual tool - the <i>Ladder of Regulatory Stringency and Balance</i>-which can assist in the design of robust regulatory regimes which encompass medicine practices based not only on definitive Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), but also on meta-analyses, observational studies, and clinicians experience. Regulatory stringency refers to the strictness of regulations, while regulatory balance concerns the degree of alignment between the regulatory framework governing a technology and the actual risks posed by specific products within that technology. Focusing on the US regulatory environment, we subsequently position the three types of live bacterial therapies on the <i>Ladder</i>. The insight gained from this exercise demonstrates that probiotics are generally positioned at the bottom of the <i>Ladder</i>, corresponding to low-stringency regulation, with a proportionate regulatory balance. However, probiotics intended for high-risk populations are currently subject to low-stringency regulations, resulting in under-regulation. Our analysis also supports the conclusion that fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) for recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection should be positioned close to but below the threshold for under regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and we recommend improved donor screening procedures, preservation and processing, storage, and distribution. Our framework can serve as a scale to assess regulatory gaps for live bacterial therapies and to identify potential solutions where such gaps exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2517377"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal gut microbiota and amino acids as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Eva Vermeer, Jasmijn Z Jagt, Eline M Lap, Eduard A Struys, Andries E Budding, Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif, Marjolein Bosma, Johan E van Limbergen, Bart G P Koot, Robert de Jonge, Marc A Benninga, Animesh Acharjee, Nanne K H de Boer, Tim G J de Meij","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2517828","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2517828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Fecal calprotectin (FCP) has limited specificity as diagnostic biomarker of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to unnecessary invasive endoscopies. This study aimed to develop and validate a fecal microbiota and amino acid (AA)-based diagnostic model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal samples from a discovery cohort (<i>de novo</i> IBD and healthy controls [HC]) were used to develop the diagnostic model. This model was applied in a validation cohort (<i>de novo</i> IBD and controls with gastrointestinal symptoms [CGI]). Microbiota and AAs were analyzed using interspace profiling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, respectively. Machine learning techniques were used to build the diagnostic model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the discovery cohort (58 IBD, 59 hC), two microbial species (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Alistipes finegoldii</i>) and four AAs (leucine, ornithine, taurine, and alpha-aminoadipic acid [AAD]) combined allowed for discrimination between both subgroups (AUC 0.94, 95% CI [0.89, 0.98]). In the validation cohort (43 IBD, 38 CGI), this panel of six markers could differentiate patients with IBD from CGI with an AUC of 0.84, 95% CI [0.67, 0.95]). Leucine showed the best diagnostic performance (AUC 0.89, 95% CI [0.81, 0.95]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leucine might serve as adjuvant noninvasive biomarker in the diagnostic work-up of pediatric IBD. Future research should investigate whether the combination of leucine with FCP could improve specificity and may help tailor the course of diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2517828"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbes metabolize strawberry phytochemicals and mediate their beneficial effects on vascular inflammation.","authors":"Chrissa Petersen, Adhini Kuppuswamy Satheesh Babu, Ceres Mattos Della Lucia, Henry A Paz, Lisard Iglesias-Carres, Ying Zhong, Thunder Jalili, J David Symons, Kartik Shankar, Andrew P Neilson, Umesh D Wankhade, Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2446375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2446375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence suggests that a healthy gut microbiome is essential for metabolizing dietary phytochemicals. However, the microbiome's role in metabolite production and the influence of gut dysbiosis on this process remain unclear. Further, studies on the relationship among gut microbes, metabolites, and biological activities of phytochemicals are limited. We addressed this knowledge gap using strawberry phytochemicals as a model. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet [C]; strawberry-supplemented diet (~2 human servings) [CS]; strawberry-supplemented diet and treated with antibiotics (to deplete gut microbes) [CSA]; high-fat diet (HFD) [HF]; strawberry-supplemented HFD [HS]; and strawberry-supplemented HFD and treated with antibiotics [HSA] for 12 weeks. First, antibiotic treatment suppressed the production of selected metabolites (CSA <i>vs</i>. CS), and <i>p</i>-coumaric acid was identified as a strawberry-derived microbial metabolite. Second, HFD-induced dysbiosis negatively affected metabolite production (HS <i>vs</i>. HF), and hippuric acid was identified as a microbial metabolite in HFD conditions. Third, dietary strawberries improved HFD-induced vascular inflammation (HS <i>vs</i>. HF). However, antibiotic treatment reduced metabolite production and abolished the vascular effects of strawberries (HSA <i>vs</i>. HS), indicating the importance of gut microbes in mediating the vascular benefits of strawberries <i>via</i> metabolites. Fourth, strawberry supplementation decreased <i>Coprobacillus</i> that was positively associated with vascular inflammation, whereas it increased <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> that was negatively associated with vascular inflammation and positively associated with hippuric acid. Fifth, hippuric acid was negatively associated with vascular inflammation. Our study fills in some pieces of the giant puzzle regarding the influence of gut microbes on the biological activities of phytochemicals. HFD-induced gut dysbiosis negatively impacts metabolite production and a strong association exists among gut microbes, strawberry-derived microbial metabolites, and the vascular benefits of dietary strawberries. Further, our study provides significant proof of concept to warrant future research on the use of strawberries as a nutritional strategy to prevent vascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2446375"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> binary toxin CDT induces biofilm-like persisting microcolonies.","authors":"Jazmin Meza-Torres, Jean-Yves Tinevez, Aline Crouzols, Héloïse Mary, Minhee Kim, Lise Hunault, Susan Chamorro-Rodriguez, Emilie Lejal, Pamela Altamirano-Silva, Déborah Groussard, Samy Gobaa, Johann Peltier, Benoit Chassaing, Bruno Dupuy","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2444411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2444411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical symptoms of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) range from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis. A major challenge in managing CDI is the high rate of relapse. Several studies correlate the production of CDT binary toxin by clinical strains of <i>C. difficile</i> with higher relapse rates. Although the mechanism of action of CDT on host cells is known, its exact contribution to CDI is still unclear. To understand the physiological role of CDT during CDI, we established two hypoxic relevant intestinal models, Transwell and Microfluidic Intestine-on-Chip systems. Both were challenged with the epidemic strain UK1 CDT⁺ and its isogenic CDT^- mutant. We report that CDT induces mucin-associated microcolonies that increase <i>C. difficile</i> colonization and display biofilm-like properties by enhancing <i>C. difficile</i> resistance to vancomycin. Importantly, biofilm-like microcolonies were also observed in the cecum and colon of infected mice. Hence, our study shows that CDT induces biofilm-like microcolonies, increasing <i>C. difficile</i> persistence and risk of relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2444411"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycemic effect of <i>C. butyricum</i>-pMTL007-GLP-1 engineered probiotics on type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Dexi Zhou, Shengjie Li, Gang Hu, Yufan Wang, Zhanghua Qi, Xuan Xu, Jing Wei, Qiong Liu, Tingtao Chen","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2447814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2447814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Recently, the incidence of diabetes has increased exponentially, and it is estimated to become the seventh leading cause of global mortality by 2030. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone derived from the intestine, has been demonstrated to exert remarkable hypoglycemic effects. However, its limitation lies in its short plasma half-life, necessitating the continuous intravenous injection of GLP-1 drugs to achieve efficacy. Here, we engineered <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> to continuously express and deliver GLP-1 (denoted as Cb-GLP-1), and assessed its therapeutic efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. We demonstrated that administration of Cb-GLP-1 effectively lowered blood glucose levels, regulated dyslipidemia, and ameliorated hepatic impairment in T2DM mice. Furthermore, Cb-GLP-1 treatment facilitated insulin secretion by retarding islet cell apoptosis and activating the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor/adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A (GLP-1 R/AC/PKA) signaling pathway. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that Cb-GLP-1 restored gut homeostasis disrupted in T2DM mice, as indicated by the decreased abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Providencia</i> genera in response to Cb-GLP-1 treatment. Collectively, the intestinal microbiota regulation and hypoglycemic effect of the engineered strain Cb-GLP-1 presents a promising approach for diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2447814"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome shifts in adolescents after sleeve gastrectomy with increased oral-associated taxa and pro-inflammatory potential.","authors":"Cynthia O Akagbosu, Kathryn E McCauley, Sivaranjani Namasivayam, Hector N Romero-Soto, Wade O'Brien, Mickayla Bacorn, Eric Bohrnsen, Benjamin Schwarz, Shreni Mistry, Andrew S Burns, P Juliana Perez-Chaparro, Qing Chen, Phoebe LaPoint, Anal Patel, Lauren E Krausfeldt, Poorani Subramanian, Brian A Sellers, Foo Cheung, Richard Apps, Iyadh Douagi, Shira Levy, Evan P Nadler, Suchitra K Hourigan","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2467833","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2467833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bariatric surgery is highly effective in achieving weight loss in children and adolescents with severe obesity, however the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, and gut microbiome changes are unknown. Here, we show that adolescents exhibit significant gut microbiome and metabolome shifts several months after laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), with increased alpha diversity and notably with enrichment of oral-associated taxa. To assess causality of the microbiome/metabolome changes in phenotype, pre-VSG and post-VSG stool was transplanted into germ-free mice. Post-VSG stool was not associated with any beneficial outcomes such as adiposity reduction compared pre-VSG stool. However, post-VSG stool exhibited a potentially inflammatory phenotype with increased intestinal Th17 and decreased regulatory T cells. Concomitantly, we found elevated fecal calprotectin and an enrichment of proinflammatory pathways in a subset of adolescents post-VSG. We show that in some adolescents, microbiome changes post-VSG may have inflammatory potential, which may be of importance considering the increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease post-VSG.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2467833"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus warneri</i> dampens SUMOylation and promotes intestinal inflammation.","authors":"Léa Loison, Marion Huré, Benjamin Lefranc, Jérôme Leprince, Christine Bôle-Feysot, Moïse Coëffier, David Ribet","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2446392","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2024.2446392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut bacteria play key roles in intestinal physiology, via the secretion of diversified bacterial effectors. Many of these effectors remodel the host proteome, either by altering transcription or by regulating protein post-translational modifications. SUMOylation, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification playing key roles in intestinal physiology, is a target of gut bacteria. Mutualistic gut bacteria can promote SUMOylation, via the production of short- or branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA/BCFA). In contrast, several pathogenic bacteria were shown to dampen SUMOylation in order to promote infection. Here, we demonstrate that <i>Staphylococcus warneri</i>, a natural member of the human gut microbiota, decreases SUMOylation in intestinal cells. We identify that Warnericin RK, a hemolytic toxin secreted by <i>S. warneri</i>, targets key components of the host SUMOylation machinery, leading to the loss of SUMO-conjugated proteins. We further demonstrate that Warnericin RK promotes inflammation in intestinal and immune cells using both SUMO-dependent and SUMO-independent mechanisms. We finally show that Warnericin RK regulates the expression of genes involved in intestinal tight junctions. Together, these results highlight the diversity of mechanisms used by bacteria from the gut microbiota to manipulate host SUMOylation. They further highlight that changes in gut microbiota composition may impact intestinal inflammation, by altering the equilibrium between bacterial effectors promoting or dampening SUMOylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2446392"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-skin axis: a bi-directional, microbiota-driven relationship with therapeutic potential.","authors":"Maira Jimenez-Sanchez, Larissa S Celiberto, Hyungjun Yang, Ho Pan Sham, Bruce A Vallance","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2473524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2473524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the emerging term \"gut-skin axis\" (GSA), describing the bidirectional signaling that occurs between the skin and the gastrointestinal tract under both homeostatic and disease conditions. Central to GSA communication are the gut and skin microbiota, the microbial communities that colonize these barrier surfaces. By influencing diverse host pathways, including innate immune, vitamin D receptor, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, a balanced microbiota contributes to both tissue homeostasis and host defense. In contrast, microbiota imbalance, or dysbiosis at one site, can lead to local barrier dysfunction, resulting in the activation of signaling pathways that can disrupt tissue homeostasis at the other site, potentially leading to inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, or gut diseases like Inflammatory Bowel Disease. To date, most research on the GSA has examined the impact of the gut microbiota and diet on skin health, but recent studies show that exposing the skin to ultraviolet B-light can beneficially modulate both the gut microbiome and intestinal health. Thus, despite the traditional focus of clinicians and researchers on these organ systems as distinct, the GSA offers new opportunities to better understand the pathogenesis of cutaneous and gastrointestinal diseases and promote health at both sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2473524"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-interleukin-23 treatment linked to improved <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection survival.","authors":"Gregory R Madden, Robert Preissner, Saskia Preissner, William A Petri","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2480195","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2480195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection, and an unacceptably high proportion of patients with <i>C. difficile</i> infection die despite conventional antibiotic treatment. Host-directed immunotherapy has been proposed as an ideal treatment modality for <i>C. difficile</i> infection to mitigate the underlying toxin-mediated pathogenic immune response while sparing protective gut microbes. Interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody inhibitors are used extensively to control pro-inflammatory Th17 immune pathways in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease that are similarly important during <i>C. difficile</i> infection. We used a large retrospective electronic health record database to test the hypothesis that hospitalized patients with <i>C. difficile</i> infection who are on anti-IL-23 treatment will have improved survival compared to patients without anti-IL-23. A total of 9,301 anti-IL-23 patients had significantly lower probability of all-cause death within 30 d (0.54%) compared with 1:1 propensity-matched control patients (3.1%). IL-23 inhibition is a promising adjunct to <i>C. difficile</i> treatment, and further clinical trials repositioning anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibodies from psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease to <i>C. difficile</i> infection are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2480195"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal consumption of urbanized diet compromises early-life health in association with gut microbiota.","authors":"Rong Huang, Guicheng Zhou, Jie Cai, Cha Cao, Zhenjun Zhu, Qingping Wu, Fen Zhang, Yu Ding","doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2483783","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2483783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urbanization has significantly transformed dietary habits worldwide, contributing to a globally increased burden of non-communicable diseases and altered gut microbiota landscape. However, it is often overlooked that the adverse effects of these dietary changes can be transmitted from the mother to offspring during early developmental stages, subsequently influencing the predisposition to various diseases later in life. This review aims to delineate the detrimental effects of maternal urban-lifestyle diet (urbanized diet) on early-life health and gut microbiota assembly, provide mechanistic insights on how urbanized diet mediates mother-to-offspring transfer of bioactive substances in both intrauterine and extrauterine and thus affects fetal and neonatal development. Moreover, we also further propose a framework for developing microbiome-targeted precision nutrition and diet strategies specifically for pregnant and lactating women. The establishment of such knowledge can help develop proactive preventive measures from the beginning of life, ultimately reducing the long-term risk of disease and improving public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12909,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbes","volume":"17 1","pages":"2483783"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11988223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}