HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42875
M Iravani, M Simjoo, M Chahardowli
{"title":"Screening key parameters affecting stability of graphene oxide and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide hybrid: Relevant for EOR application.","authors":"M Iravani, M Simjoo, M Chahardowli","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene oxide-enhanced hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (GOeH) hybrids present a promising advancement for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), addressing a knowledge gap in understanding the stability of these materials under different conditions. The current study investigates how key parameters, including polymer concentration (1000 and 1500 ppm), graphene oxide (GO) concentration (100 and 300 ppm), salinity (seawater and 0.1 seawater), and the presence or absence of divalent ions (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), affect the stability of GOeH hybrids at high temperatures (80 <math><mrow><mo>°C</mo></mrow> </math> ). A 2<sup>K</sup>-full factorial experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to quantify these effects. GO was synthesized and characterized using common methods, including XRD, FTIR, Raman, and DLS analysis. Zeta potential was used to assess stability over 21 days, while the sedimentation method measured instability. ANOVA results reveal that, within the studied range, neither polymer concentration nor the presence or absence of Mg<sup>2+</sup> significantly impacts stability. However, both factors seem to contribute positively to long-term stability. Notably, GO concentration has a significant positive effect on stability, with a percent contribution of 38.24 %, suggesting that higher GO concentrations enhance the stability of the GOeH hybrid. Conversely, salinity has a statistically significant negative impact on stability, potentially due to the salt-in effect. Additionally, the interaction between polymer concentration and Mg<sup>2+</sup> shows a borderline significant effect, indicating that excessive cross-linking at higher polymer concentrations could reduce stability. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing EOR strategies, aiding in developing more effective approaches to utilizing GOeH hybrids for different conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42885
Esmat Askari, Vali Alipour, Omid Rahmanian
{"title":"Synthesis and application of adsorbent pads for removal of oil pollutants from water.","authors":"Esmat Askari, Vali Alipour, Omid Rahmanian","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oil is a crucial foundation for energy, significantly influencing both industrial production and daily human activities. However, oil pollution inflicts considerable harm on the environment. To protect the environment, it is essential to implement effective cleaning strategies to remove oil from aquatic systems. Among the various remediation techniques, the adsorption process has emerged as one of the most efficient approaches for removing oil contaminants from water sources. This research used animal hair, modified palm fibers, and polyurethane particles as adsorbent pads to remediate water contaminated with oil. The characterization of the synthesized adsorbent and the assessment of the impact of modifications at each stage were conducted utilizing various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The key factors influencing absorption, such as pH, temperature, contact time, and oil concentration, have been assessed. The analysis revealed that the optimal conditions for absorbing 50 g of oil are a temperature of 40 °C, a pH level of 7, and a contact duration of 10 min. The results of isotherm studies indicated that the adsorbent has the best fit with the Langmuir model. In this research, the maximum absorption capacity was 3333 mg/g based on Langmuir adsorption model. Furthermore, the absorbent follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with rate constant of 0.06 g/(mg.min) and presents the chemisorption process. The developed adsorbent demonstrated significant potential as an effective and economical solution for oil contamination remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42871
Emre Kurt, Ahmet Yigit Arabul, Fatma Keskin Arabul, Ibrahim Senol
{"title":"Parallel hybrid propulsion system with integration of designed electric machine for medium altitude long endurance UAV.","authors":"Emre Kurt, Ahmet Yigit Arabul, Fatma Keskin Arabul, Ibrahim Senol","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are commonly used in several areas such as military and civilian applications and are getting popular day by day. They have classifications based on their range, total mass and altitude. According to their classification, they have different topologies about propulsion systems. Especially beyond Middle Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) class, they have conventional propulsion systems which is powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs). Nevertheless, the low efficiency rate and detrimental environmental impact of these propulsion systems have prompted the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly propulsion components. Electrical machines are regarded as a promising alternative for powertrain applications, given their high efficiency rate and environmentally friendly characteristics. Prototypes and operational applications have been observed in other transportation vehicles, further substantiating their potential. There are different topologies for hybrid and full electric propulsion systems, but they should be considered with respect of operational requirements of UAVs. Long endurance and range are required especially for MALE class UAVs, and it couldn't achieve with full electric propulsion models because of current battery technology. To address this issue, hybrid propulsion systems represent a promising avenue for resolution. In this study, the MALE class UAV, which is currently in use in the field, has been selected as a case study for the implementation of a hybrid propulsion system. This is because there is currently no known application of hybrid propulsion in this UAV model, which is equipped with an ICE. The results demonstrate that the parallel hybrid propulsion system has enhanced the performance of the existing system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42870
Mohammad Mahdi Mohammadi, Amir Nourani
{"title":"Testing the effects of footwear on biomechanics of human body: A review.","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Mohammadi, Amir Nourani","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies show the high potential of shoes to impact human movement and reduce the risk of injuries during normal and high-demanding activities. This review will delve into the existing literature on mechanical and biomechanical tests of shoes and their effects on the human body. Mechanical tests mainly include compression, bending, torsional flexibility, and impact tests. Biomechanical tests, on the other hand, study the kinematics and kinetics of the human body while performing different tasks. The primary goal of this review is to highlight the importance of isolating parameters in shoe design and testing to achieve optimal results in providing comfort, support, and injury prevention. Key conclusions include the influence of lattice structures on shoe stiffness and stress distribution, the effectiveness of composite loofah sponge for vibration damping, the benefits of Poron insoles for impact attenuation, the potential injury risk reduction with auxetic shoes, and the need for future research on mechanical tests, parameter investigation, and optimization of shoe sole structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of GGT and hs-CRP with hypertension across different glycemic states in Saudi adults: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Basmah Eldakhakhny, Sumia Enani, Suhad Bahijri, Ghada Ajabnoor, Jawaher Al-Ahmadi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Hanan Jambi, Amani Matook Alhozali, Anwar Borai, Jaakko Tuomilehto","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes (DM) is preceded by inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Early detection of these risk factors is expected to improve prognosis. We aimed to examine the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with hypertension (HTN) in the presence and absence of dysglycaemia among Saudi adults not previously diagnosed with DM.Methods: adults were recruited randomly from public healthcare centres in Jeddah. Demographic information, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Fasting blood samples were drawn to measure glucose, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and GGT. Blood was drawn again following a 1-h oral glucose tolerance test, and plasma glucose was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean GGT and hs-CRP were higher in people with HTN and dysglycaemia than those without both (P < 0.001). In people with HTN, those with intermediate hyperglycaemia (pre-DM) had significantly higher means of GGT and hs-CRP compared with those without (P < 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). In people with pre-DM, those with HTN had significantly higher means of GGT than those without (P = 0.008), but the increase in mean hs-CRP was not statistically significant. Mean GGT was higher in people with DM compared to means of those with pre-DM and HTN (P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An association between higher serum levels of hs-CRP and GGT and dysglycaemia exists, especially in hypertensive people. Monitoring both biomarkers in dysglycaemic people, especially if they have elevated blood pressure, is recommended to initiate therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42864
Sundaravelu Lakshmi, Anandaraj Manommani
{"title":"Optimizing thermal power plant efficiency through washout filter based proportional integral derivative controller.","authors":"Sundaravelu Lakshmi, Anandaraj Manommani","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal power plants has gained significant traction in contemporary society. While several methods have been developed for this purpose, a notable gap exists in the examination of how temperature and water flow rate control impacts the efficiency of thermal power generation. The initial step involves the utilization of demineralized water. The process commences by computing the deviation between the set point and the actual value, which is then fed into a WF (Washout Filter) - PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller. To fine-tune the parameters of the PID controller, the RL-SGLSTM (Reinforcement Learning based Scaled Gamma Long Short Term Memory) algorithm is employed. The output signals from the PID controller are subsequently employed by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mechanism to produce the necessary voltage for activating water flow valves. Following the determination of the water flow rate, water is supplied to the power system to facilitate the generation of electrical power and the cooling of the condenser. During the power generation process, the generator's frequency disturbances are mitigated by the use of an SVD (Spring Vibration Damper) - BFC (modified Beta parameter-based Fuzzy Controller). Additionally, voltage sags occurring in the transmission lines are circumvented by employing a DV-UPFC (Dynamic Voltage Restorer-based Unified Power Flow Controller device). Finally, the cooling efficiency is assessed through the utilization of the MSC-KMA (Maximum Shifting Correlation Distance-based K-Means Algorithm) to gauge alterations in the power generation of the system. The simulation results conclusively demonstrate that the fine-tuning of PID parameters and the implementation of cooling efficiency-driven water flow control exert a substantial influence on the stability and performance of the thermal power plant system. Based on the observed results, the power generation efficiency of the proposed method attained a higher efficiency of 98 % which is relatively higher than existing methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42783
Silvio Vaz, Ana Elisa Barreto, Bruno Leite Sampaio
{"title":"Catalytic degradation of kraft lignin to determine its antioxidant potential for industrial purposes.","authors":"Silvio Vaz, Ana Elisa Barreto, Bruno Leite Sampaio","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lignin fraction of the lignocellulosic biomass corresponds to 15-30 % wt. This is largely obtained as a by-product of wood pulping to produce cellulose and paper, with the kraft process being the most used by industry. The chemical composition of lignin makes an excellent raw material for obtaining various chemical compounds with industrial applications, such as phenolic resins, biofuels and fine chemical products. Furthermore, lignin has high potential as a raw material for sustainable additives for liquid fuels, due to its aromatic nature, since its alkylphenols can be used as antioxidants. The present work describes a process of catalytic conversion of kraft lignin into phenolic compounds with potential application as industrial antioxidant agents. The hydrogenolysis reactions were performed using methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or isopropanol: formic acid (1: 1 v/v) as organic solvents. For each solvent, four transition metal catalysts were tested (Pd/CaCO<sub>3</sub>, Pd/C, Ru/C and In). Through analyzing UHPLC-ESI-MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry), 19 substances were identified in the isolated fractions, with a predominantly phenolic composition. Based on the efficiency of phenolic substances as antioxidants, an ability to eliminate the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical was evaluated, verifying that 43.75 % of the inherited ones exhibited a high antioxidant potential, superior to kraft lignin and commercial antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene).</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42894
Kan Liu, Jinlong Zhu, Yangyang Bao, Jin Fang, Shuihong Zhou, Jun Fan
{"title":"Proliferation and migration inhibition of adenoid cystic carcinoma cells through autophagy suppression via GLUT1 knockdown.","authors":"Kan Liu, Jinlong Zhu, Yangyang Bao, Jin Fang, Shuihong Zhou, Jun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple studies have demonstrated a significant association between glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and the development and recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we investigated the impact of GLUT1 knockdown on adenoid cystic carcinoma. Our findings revealed that hypoxic conditions promoted the progression and autophagy of SACC83 and SACC-LM cell lines, an effect that was mitigated by GLUT1 knockdown. In vivo experiments showed that the combination of lentivirus-delivered GLUT1 shRNA and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) produced the most substantial reduction in tumor volume, weight, Ki67 expression, and autophagy in tumor tissues. In conclusion, hypoxia facilitates ACC progression by upregulating GLUT1 expression. The suppression of GLUT1 expression and autophagy effectively inhibited ACC cell proliferation both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42842
Ling Pan, Jun Li, Tao Du, Zi'ao Hu, Jian-Hong Ye
{"title":"How positive emotions affect entrepreneurial intention of college students: A moderated mediation model.","authors":"Ling Pan, Jun Li, Tao Du, Zi'ao Hu, Jian-Hong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entrepreneurial intention (EI) is a crucial requirement for encouraging significant entrepreneurial activity, which is essential for economic growth and social stability. Cultivating college students' EI is a critical element of higher education. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study constructs a moderated mediation model, aiming to explore the intricate processes and conditioning elements that influence the EI of college students and investigate the mediating role of future time perspective (FTP) between positive emotion (PE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Chinese college students, as well as the moderating role of gender. In this study, we used a questionnaire survey method to collect a valid sample of 890 college students in China through Questionnaire Star (https://www.wix.cn; an online questionnaire collection platform widely used in various research fields in China) and used SPSS and AOMS to conduct the preliminary statistics and reliability tests. PROCESS version 3.5 by Hayes (a plug-in for SPSS) was used for hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that PE significantly positively influenced EI, and FTP completely mediated the relationship between PE and EI. However, it was discovered that gender did not exhibit any significant moderating effect on the influence of PE on EI through FTP. The findings of this study enhance our comprehension of the significance of PE among college students and expand our awareness of the mechanisms and circumstances in which PE impacts EI. This study serves as a reminder to educators to prioritize the role of FTP and gender intervention in the development of EI among college students but also offers empirical evidence and practical recommendations for effectively fostering EI among college students. Furthermore, the results of this study establish a foundation to facilitate future researchers' investigation of the causal relationships between these variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HeliyonPub Date : 2025-02-20eCollection Date: 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42899
Fatemeh Aflakian, Gholamreza Hashemitabar
{"title":"Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles at subinhibitory concentrations as inhibitors of quorum sensing, pathogenicity, and biofilm formation in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1.","authors":"Fatemeh Aflakian, Gholamreza Hashemitabar","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infections associated with biofilm are a significant clinical challenge due to the limited efficacy of traditional antibiotics or combination therapies. Hence, exploring novel strategies and assessing different compounds for their anti-biofilm or anti-quorum sensing (QS) properties is imperative. One of the various applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is to use them as an antimicrobial agent to target bacteria resistant to common antibiotics. This study evaluates the anti-biofilm and anti-virulence effect of biosynthesized AgNPs against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 at subinhibitory concentration levels. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and biofilm formation capacity were evaluated by the microdilution method and crystal violet method, respectively. Motility assay and virulence factors were investigated in the presence of AgNPs. It was observed that green-synthesized AgNPs at sub-MIC (50 μg/mL) suppressed <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm formation by 78 %. Increased dose-dependent inhibitory effects on virulence phenotypes (LasB elastase, LasA protease, pyocyanin, and motility) regulated by QS were observed. In addition, the relative expression levels of biofilm-related genes including <i>algC, pslA</i>, and <i>pelA</i> were analyzed using RT-qPCR. The expression level of QS-regulated biofilm genes after AgNPs treatment sub-MIC led to a decrease in the expression of <i>algC, pslA,</i> and <i>pelA</i> by 77 %, 83 %, and 68 %, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrated how green AgNPs can effectively inhibit QS at sub-MIC concentrations, indicating their potential as antivirulence agents to deal with challenges related to biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. This presents a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12894,"journal":{"name":"Heliyon","volume":"11 4","pages":"e42899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}