Gut and Liver最新文献

{"title":"Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors.","authors":"Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim","doi":"10.5009/gnl240245","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) have been detected recently owing to the development of endoscopic imaging technology and increased awareness of this disease. Endoscopic resection is the first-line treatment for SNADETs, with methods including cold snare polypectomy (CSP), conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (cEMR), underwater EMR (uEMR), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Here, we review the current status and recent advances in endoscopic resection for SNADETs. Endoscopic resection in the duodenum is more difficult and has a higher risk of adverse events than that in other organs owing to specific anatomical disadvantages. SNADETs ≤10 mm in size are candidates for CSP, cEMR, and uEMR. Among these lesions, suspected carcinoma lesions should not be treated using CSP because of their low curability. cEMR or uEMR is considered for lesions sized 10 to 20 mm, whereas piecemeal EMR or ESD is considered for tumors >20 mm in size. In particular, ESD or surgical resection should be considered for suspected carcinoma lesions >30 mm in size. The treatment plan should be selected on a case-to-case basis, considering the balance between the risk of adverse events and the necessity of <i>en bloc</i> resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Medical Waste from Gastrointestinal Endoscopies in South Korea to Estimate Their Carbon Footprint.","authors":"Da Hyun Jung, Hyun Jung Lee, Tae Joo Jeon, Young Sin Cho, Bo Ra Kang, Nae Sun Youn, Jae Myung Cha","doi":"10.5009/gnl240209","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Although gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a major contributor to the carbon footprint of national healthcare, the amount of medical waste generated by GIE procedures is not reported in South Korea. This study aimed to measure the amount of medical waste generated from GIE procedures in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 5-day audit of medical waste generated during GIEs at seven hospitals. During the study period, medical waste in the endoscopy examination rooms was measured twice daily and documented as mass (kg). To calculate the mean mass of disposable waste generated during one esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and one colonoscopy, the mean mass of medical waste generated from seven examinations was calculated. The mean mass of medical waste generated during GIEs was calculated by dividing the total mass of medical waste generated by the number of GIE procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 3,922 endoscopies were performed and 4,558 kg of waste was generated. The mean weight of medical waste generated per endoscopy was 1.34 kg. Each EGD and colonoscopy generated a mean of 0.24 kg and 0.43 kg of disposable waste, respectively. Applying the mean waste estimates from this study to annual GIE procedures performed in South Korea in 2022 showed that the total medical waste produced from GIE was 13,704,453 kg. In addition, the total masses of medical waste produced during EGD and colonoscopy procedures were 819,766 kg and 2,889,478 kg, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our quantitative measurement showed that a large amount of medical waste is generated from GIE procedures. However, further research is warranted to reduce medical waste generated during GIE, which is an urgent unmet need.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Risk Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Yiying Pei, George Boon-Bee Goh","doi":"10.5009/gnl240407","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is the most common cause of liver disease, and its burden on health systems worldwide continues to rise at an alarming rate. MASLD is a complex disease in which the interactions between susceptible genes and the environment influence the disease phenotype and severity. Advances in human genetics over the past few decades have provided new opportunities to improve our understanding of the multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Notably, the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, MBOAT7 and HSD17B13 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been demonstrated to be robustly associated with MASLD development and disease progression. These genetic variants play crucial roles in lipid droplet remodeling, secretion of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein and lipogenesis, and understanding the biology has brought new insights to this field. This review discusses the current body of knowledge regarding these genetic drivers and how they can lead to development of MASLD, the complex interplay with metabolic factors such as obesity, and how this information has translated clinically into the development of risk prediction models and possible treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Tapered-Tip Sheath System for Biliary-Lesion Tissue Sampling: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Hirokazu Okada, Norimitsu Uza, Tomoaki Matsumori, Hajime Yamazaki, Muneji Yasuda, Takeshi Kuwada, Yoshihiro Nishikawa, Takahisa Maruno, Masahiro Shiokawa, Atsushi Takai, Ken Takahashi, Akihisa Fukuda, Etsuro Hatano, Sachiko Minamiguchi, Hiroshi Seno","doi":"10.5009/gnl240349","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Pathological evaluation is crucial for diagnosing biliary lesions and determining appropriate treatment strategies. However, tissue sampling via the transpapillary route can be difficult. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel tapered-tip sheath system for tissue sampling from biliary strictures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial included patients aged 20 to 85 years admitted to Kyoto University Hospital for biliary strictures. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to a new or conventional method group. The primary outcome was technical success of biopsy at the target bile duct using the assigned method, as determined in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Adverse events were assessed in all eligible patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-six patients were assessed for eligibility between September 2020 and March 2023; 50 patients were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into the new (n=25) method group and the conventional (n=25) method group. Technical success was achieved in 96.0% (24/25) and 48.0% (12/25) of patients in the new and conventional method groups, respectively (risk ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32 to 3.03; risk difference, 48.0%; 95% CI, 27.0% to 69.0%; p<0.001). Adverse events occurred in 4.0% (1/25) and 36.0% (9/25) of patients in the new and conventional method groups, respectively (risk ratio, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.81; risk difference, -32.0%; 95% CI, -52.3% to -11.7%; p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The novel tapered-tip sheath system is a promising option for precisely and safely delivering biopsy forceps to target sites, thereby facilitating the diagnosis of biliary strictures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Intraductal Biliary Lesions: Towards Greater Accuracy and Safety.","authors":"Sung Woo Ko, Seung Bae Yoon","doi":"10.5009/gnl240592","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":"19 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Environmentally Sustainable Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.","authors":"Ji Hyun Kim, Sung Chul Park","doi":"10.5009/gnl240622","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of the Actual Practices Used for Endoscopic Removal of Colon Polyps in Korea: A Comparison with the Current Guidelines.","authors":"Jeongseok Kim, Tae-Geun Gweon, Min Seob Kwak, Su Young Kim, Seong Jung Kim, Hyun Gun Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Eun Sun Kim, Chang Mo Moon, Dae Seong Myung, Dong-Hoon Baek, Shin Ju Oh, Hyun Jung Lee, Ji Young Lee, Yunho Jung, Jaeyoung Chun, Dong-Hoon Yang, Eun Ran Kim","doi":"10.5009/gnl240217","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>We investigated the clinical practice patterns of Korean endoscopists for the endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September to November 2021, an online survey was conducted regarding the preferred resection methods for colorectal polyps, and responses were compared with the international guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 246 respondents, those with <4 years, 4-9 years, and ≥10 years of experience in colonoscopy practices accounted for 25.6%, 34.1%, and 40.2% of endoscopists, respectively. The most preferred resection methods for non-pedunculated lesions were cold forceps polypectomy for ≤3 mm lesions (81.7%), cold snare polypectomy for 4-5 mm (61.0%) and 6-9 mm (43.5%) lesions, hot endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for 10-19 mm lesions (72.0%), precut EMR for 20-25 mm lesions (22.0%), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for ≥26 mm lesions (29.3%). Hot EMR was favored for pedunculated lesions with a head size <20 mm and stalk size <10 mm (75.6%) and for those with a head size ≥20 mm or stalk size ≥10 mm (58.5%). For suspected superficial and deep submucosal lesions measuring 10-19 mm and ≥20 mm, ESD (26.0% and 38.6%) and surgery (36.6% and 46.3%) were preferred, respectively. The adherence rate to the guidelines ranged from 11.2% to 96.9%, depending on the size, shape, and histology of the lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to the guidelines for endoscopic resection techniques varied depending on the characteristics of colorectal polyps. Thus, an individualized approach is required to increase adherence to the guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.","authors":"Hye Kyung Hyun, Jae Hee Cheon","doi":"10.5009/gnl240316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl240316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic immune-mediated intestinal inflammation, presenting with a spectrum of metabolic disorders as well as intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction, and gut bacteria composition contribute to the development of IBD. Several comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, thrombosis, and metabolic disorders, have been associated with IBD. Therefore, metabolic disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity have become the focus of attention in patients with IBD. Identifying and managing these conditions can significantly influence patient outcomes and enhance overall management. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the current understanding of relevant and emerging metabolic comorbidities and extraintestinal manifestations associated with IBD and their clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing of Antiplatelet Agent: Cilostazol for the Treatment of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.","authors":"Jong Ryeol Eun, Seung Up Kim","doi":"10.5009/gnl240295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl240295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a serious global health concern, characterized by liver inflammation and progressive fibrosis. There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, thus effective treatments are needed. Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe manifestation of ALD, with a 28-day mortality rate ranging from 20% to 50%. For decades, pentoxifylline, an antiplatelet agent, has been used off-label for the treatment of severe AH owing to its tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition properties. However, the STOPAH trial did not reveal the survival benefit of pentoxifylline. Consequently, pentoxifylline is no longer recommended as the first-line therapy for severe AH. In contrast, cilostazol is widely used as an antiplatelet agent in cardiovascular medicine and demonstrates promising results. Cilostazol is a selective phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor, whereas pentoxifylline is non-selective. Recent studies using experimental models of alcohol-induced liver injury and other liver diseases have yielded promising results. Although cilostazol shows promise for hepatoprotective effects, it has not yet been evaluated in human clinical trials. In this review, we will explore the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of cilostazol, along with the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced liver injury, addressing the pressing need for effective therapeutic options for patients with ALD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Chronic Antibiotic-Refractory Pouchitis in Korean Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Ji Eun Baek, Jung-Bin Park, June Hwa Bae, Min Hyun Kim, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Chang Sik Yu, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park","doi":"10.5009/gnl240226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl240226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP) in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study included patients with UC who underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis at the Asan Medical Center in Korea between January 1987 and December 2022. The primary outcomes were endoscopic remission and pouch failure. The Cox's proportional hazard model was used to identify the risk factors for CARP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical data of 232 patients were analyzed. The most common cause of surgery was steroid refractoriness (50.9%), followed by dysplasia/colorectal cancer (26.7%). Among 74 patients (31.9%) with chronic pouchitis (CP), 31 (13.4%) had CARP, and 43 (18.5%) had chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis (CADP). The most frequent endoscopic phenotype was focal inflammation of the pouch (CP, 47.3%; CARP, 35.5%; CADP, 55.8%). Patients with CARP were less likely to use concomitant probiotics than patients with CADP (29.0% vs 72.1%, p<0.01). The endoscopic remission rate of CP, CARP, and CADP was 14.9%, 9.7%, and 18.6%, respectively. The pouch failure rate associated with CP, CARP, and CADP was 13.5%, 16.1%, and 11.6%, respectively. Current smoking status (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 6.90; p=0.01) and previous use of biologics/small molecules (aHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.53; p=0.04) were significantly associated with CARP development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UC patients who were current smokers and previously used biologics/small molecules had a higher risk of developing CARP. Concomitant use of probiotics was less likely to be associated with CARP development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}