Gut and Liver最新文献

{"title":"Comparing 1-L and 2-L Polyethylene Glycol with Ascorbic Acid for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Chang Kyo Oh, Sang Pyo Lee, Jae Gon Lee, Young Joo Yang, Seung In Seo, Chang Seok Bang, Yu Jin Kim, Woon Geon Shin, Jin Bae Kim, Hyun Joo Jang, Sea Hyub Kae, Gwang Ho Baik","doi":"10.5009/gnl240216","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) has become the standard for initial evaluation in the diagnosis of small bowel lesions. Although optimal visualization of the mucosa is important, patients experience difficulty in consuming a large volume of bowel preparation agents. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 1-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) with ascorbic acid (AA) and 2-L PEG with AA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, multicenter, non-inferiority study, patients who received SBCE were randomly assigned to consume 1-L PEG with AA or 2-L PEG with AA for small bowel preparation. The primary outcome was adequate small bowel visibility quality (SBVQ). The secondary outcomes included diagnostic yield, cecal complete rate, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and forty patients were enrolled in this study, 70 patients per group. In the per-protocol analysis, there were no significant differences in the adequate SBVQ rate (94.0% vs 94.3%; risk difference, -0.3; 95% confidence interval, -8.1 to 7.6; p=1.000), diagnostic yield rate (49.3% vs 48.6%, p=0.936), or cecal complete rate (88.1% vs 92.9%, p=0.338) between the 1-L PEG with AA group and 2-L PEG with AA group. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups (12.9% vs 11.9%, p=0.871).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One liter-PEG with AA is not inferior to 2-L PEG with AA in terms of adequate SBVQ for SBCE. One liter-PEG with AA can be recommended as the standard method for bowel cleansing for SBCE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between White Globe Appearance and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Early Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Dae Jin Jung, Gwang Ha Kim, Kyungbin Kim, Hye Kyung Jeon, Dong Chan Joo, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee","doi":"10.5009/gnl240097","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) enables the visualization of detailed microsurface (MS) and microvascular (MV) structures in the gastrointestinal tract. White globe appearance (WGA) is a small whitish lesion with a globular shape identified during ME-NBI for early gastric cancer (EGC). This study aimed to investigate the associations between WGA, clinicopathological characteristics, and other ME-NBI findings in patients with EGC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The presence or absence of WGA in 122 patients (126 lesions) with an endoscopic diagnosis of EGC who underwent ME-NBI before endoscopic or surgical resection was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. During ME-NBI, the MS and MV patterns and the presence of WGA and white opaque substances (WOS) were investigated. EGC cases were categorized as differentiated or undifferentiated type, and mucosal, submucosal, or advanced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 126 lesions, WGA was observed in 25 (19.8%). WGA was associated with tumor size (≤2 cm [17/63, 27.0%] vs >2 cm [8/63, 12.7%]; p=0.044), histologic type (differentiated type [22/89, 24.7%] vs undifferentiated type [3/37. 8.1%]; p=0.033), and tumor location (upper third [1/11, 9.1%] vs middle third [18/58, 31.0%] and lower third [6/57, 10.5%]; p=0.017). Although WGA was observed more frequently in lesions with an oval/tubular MS pattern, a fine-network MV pattern, and the absence of WOS, the difference was not statistically significant (MS pattern, p=0.358; MV pattern, p=0.212; WOS, p=0.121, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WGA was associated with small tumor size, differentiated-type histology, and middle-third tumor location, and was more frequently observed in lesions with an oval/tubular MS and fine-network MV patterns and the absence of WOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Perforation in Endoscopic Treatment for Early Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide ENTER-K Study.","authors":"Ik Hyun Jo, Hyun Gun Kim, Young-Seok Cho, Hyun Jung Lee, Eun Ran Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Sung Wook Hwang, Kyeong-Ok Kim, Jun Lee, Hyuk Soon Choi, Yunho Jung, Chang Mo Moon","doi":"10.5009/gnl240210","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Early colorectal cancer (ECC) is commonly resected endoscopically. Perforation is a devastating complication of endoscopic resection. We aimed to identify the characteristics and predictive risk factors for perforation related to endoscopic resection of ECC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide retrospective multicenter study included patients with ECC who underwent endoscopic resection. We investigated the demographics, endoscopic findings at the time of treatment, and histopathological characteristics of the resected specimens. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the clinical factors associated with procedure-related perforations. Survival analysis was conducted to assess the impact of perforation on the overall survival of patients with ECC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 965 participants with a mean age of 63.4 years. The most common endoscopic treatment was conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (n=573, 59.4%), followed by conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection (n=259, 26.8%). Thirty-three patients (3.4%) experienced perforations, most of which were managed endoscopically (n=23/33, 69.7%). Patients who undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection-hybrid and precut endoscopic mucosal resection have a higher risk of perforation than those who undergo conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (odds ratio, 78.65 and 39.72, p<0.05). Procedure-related perforations were not associated with patient survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perforation after endoscopic resection had no significant impact on the prognosis of ECC. The type of endoscopic resection was a crucial predictor of perforation. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to further investigate endoscopic resection of ECC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Imaging Techniques for Assessing Fat, Iron, and Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease.","authors":"Sabarish Narayanasamy, Manuela Franca, Ilkay S Idilman, Meng Yin, Sudhakar K Venkatesh","doi":"10.5009/gnl240302","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging plays a critical role in the management of chronic liver disease (CLD) because it is a safe and painless method to assess liver health. The widely used imaging techniques include ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These techniques allow the measurement of fat deposition, iron content, and fibrosis, replacing invasive liver biopsies in many cases. Early detection and treatment of fibrosis are crucial, as the disease can be reversed in its early stages. Imaging also aids in guiding treatment decisions and monitoring disease progression. In this review, we describe the most common imaging manifestations of liver disease and the current state-of-the-art imaging techniques for the evaluation of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Models May Aid in Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with T1 Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Ji Eun Baek, Hahn Yi, Seung Wook Hong, Subin Song, Ji Young Lee, Sung Wook Hwang, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Namkug Kim, Jeong-Sik Byeon","doi":"10.5009/gnl240273","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Inaccurate prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) may lead to unnecessary surgery following endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to validate the usefulness of artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting LNM in patients with T1 CRC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the clinical data, laboratory results, pathological reports, and endoscopic findings of patients who underwent radical surgery for T1 CRC. We developed AI models to predict LNM using four algorithms: regularized logistic regression classifier (RLRC), random forest classifier (RFC), CatBoost classifier (CBC), and the voting classifier (VC). Four histological factors and four endoscopic findings were included to develop AI models. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) were measured to distinguish AI model performance in accordance with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,386 patients with T1 CRC, 173 patients (12.5%) had LNM. The AUROC values of the RLRC, RFC, CBC, and VC models for LNM prediction were significantly higher (0.673, 0.640, 0.679, and 0.677, respectively) than the 0.525 suggested in accordance with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum guidelines (vs RLRC, p<0.001; vs RFC, p=0.001; vs CBC, p<0.001; vs VC, p<0.001). The AUROC value was similar between T1 colon versus T1 rectal cancers (0.718 vs 0.615, p=0.700). The AUROC value was also similar between the initial endoscopic resection and initial surgery groups (0.581 vs 0.746, p=0.845).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI models trained on the basis of endoscopic findings and pathological features performed well in predicting LNM in patients with T1 CRC regardless of tumor location and initial treatment method.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Lymph Node Metastasis Prediction for T1 Colorectal Cancer: Promise and Challenges.","authors":"Jung Ho Bae","doi":"10.5009/gnl250001","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl250001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":"19 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Point-of-Care Prediction Model for Steatotic Liver Disease: Expected Role of Mass Screening in the Global Obesity Crisis.","authors":"Jeayeon Park, Goh Eun Chung, Yoosoo Chang, So Eun Kim, Won Sohn, Seungho Ryu, Yunmi Ko, Youngsu Park, Moon Haeng Hur, Yun Bin Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Yoon Jun Kim","doi":"10.5009/gnl240367","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The incidence of steatotic liver disease (SLD) is increasing across all age groups as the incidence of obesity increases worldwide. The existing noninvasive prediction models for SLD require laboratory tests or imaging and perform poorly in the early diagnosis of infrequently screened populations such as young adults and individuals with healthcare disparities. We developed a machine learning-based point-of-care prediction model for SLD that is readily available to the broader population with the aim of facilitating early detection and timely intervention and ultimately reducing the burden of SLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 28,506 adults who had routine health check-ups in South Korea from January to December 2022. A total of 229,162 individuals were included in the external validation study. Data were analyzed and predictions were made using a logistic regression model with machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20,094 individuals were categorized into SLD and non-SLD groups on the basis of the presence of fatty liver disease. We developed three prediction models: SLD model 1, which included age and body mass index (BMI); SLD model 2, which included BMI and body fat per muscle mass; and SLD model 3, which included BMI and visceral fat per muscle mass. In the derivation cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.817 for model 1, 0.821 for model 2, and 0.820 for model 3. In the internal validation cohort, 86.9% of individuals were correctly classified by the SLD models. The external validation study revealed an AUROC above 0.84 for all the models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As our three novel SLD prediction models are cost-effective, noninvasive, and accessible, they could serve as validated clinical tools for mass screening of SLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Noninvasive Indices for Discrimination of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Young Adults.","authors":"Jaejun Lee, Chang In Han, Dong Yeup Lee, Pil Soo Sung, Si Hyun Bae, Hyun Yang","doi":"10.5009/gnl240323","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Although numerous noninvasive steatosis indices have been developed to assess hepatic steatosis, whether they can be applied to young adults in the evaluation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from patients under 35 years of age who visited the Liver Health Clinic at the Armed Forces Goyang Hospital between July 2022 and January 2024 were retrospectively collected. Steatosis was diagnosed on the basis of a controlled attenuation parameter score ≥250 dB/m. MASLD was defined as the presence of steatosis in patients with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1,382 study participants, 901 were diagnosed with MASLD. All eight indices for diagnosing steatosis differed significantly between the MASLD and non-MASLD groups (p<0.001). Regarding the predictive performance, the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI), Framingham steatosis index, Dallas steatosis index, Zhejiang University index, lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, and triglyceride glucose-body mass index exhibited an area under the curve of 0.898, 0.907, 0.899, 0.893, 0.915, 0.869, 0.791, and 0.898, respectively. The cutoff values for the FLI and HSI were re-examined, indicating a need for alternative cutoff values for the HSI, with a rule-in value of 42 and a rule-out value of 36 in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents novel findings regarding the predictive performance of established steatosis markers in young adults. Alternative cutoff values for the HSI in this population have been proposed and warrant further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Muscle Parameters, and Fatty Liver Severity in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Kyungchul Song, Eun Gyung Seol, Eunju Lee, Hye Sun Lee, Hana Lee, Hyun Wook Chae, Hyun Joo Shin","doi":"10.5009/gnl240342","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>To evaluate the associations between pediatric fatty liver severity, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and magnetic resonance imaging parameters, including total psoas muscle surface area (tPMSA) and paraspinal muscle fat (PMF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children and adolescents who underwent BIA and liver magnetic resonance imaging between September 2022 and November 2023 were included. Linear regression analyses identified predictors of liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) including BIA parameters, tPMSA, and PMF. Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified the association between these parameters and fatty liver grades. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships between tPMSA and muscle-related BIA parameters, and between PMF and fat-related BIA parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 74 participants aged 8 to 16 years were included in the study. In the linear regression analyses, the percentage of body fat was positively associated with PDFF in all participants, whereas muscle-related BIA parameters were negatively associated with PDFF in participants with obesity. PMF and the PMF index were positively associated with PDFF in normalweight and overweight participants. In the ordinal logistic regression, percentage of body fat was positively associated with fatty liver grade in normal-weight and overweight participants and those with obesity, whereas muscle-related BIA parameters were negatively associated with fatty liver grade in participants with obesity. The PMF index was positively associated with fatty liver grade in normal/overweight participants. In the Pearson correlation analysis, muscle-related BIA parameters were correlated with tPMSA, and the fat-related BIA parameters were correlated with PMF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BIA parameters and PMF are potential screening tools for assessing fatty liver in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Intensive Endoscopic Burden with Esophageal Cancer Detection: A Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Yeunji Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Bumhee Park, Gil Ho Lee, Sun Gyo Lim, Sung Jae Shin, Choong-Kyun Noh, Kee Myung Lee","doi":"10.5009/gnl240111","DOIUrl":"10.5009/gnl240111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Early diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC) remains challenging despite the increasing frequency of endoscopic screenings globally. The rapidly increasing number of endoscopic screenings performed over a certain period might influence diagnostic performance. This study evaluated the association between the number of endoscopic screenings and EC detection rates in a nationwide cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective population-based study used the Korean National Cancer Screening Program database, comprising 32,774,742 males and females aged ≥40 years between 2015 and 2019. Negative binomial regression model and least-squares mean evaluation were used to assess the association between month of the year and EC detection rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 28,032,590 participants who underwent upper endoscopy. The number of participants in the fourth quarter (October to December: 10,923,142 [39.0%]) was 2.1 times higher than that in the first quarter (January to March: 5,085,087 [18.1%]); this trend continued for all 5 years. Contrarily, detection rates for EC in the fourth quarter (0.08/1,000 person) were half that in the first quarter (0.15/1,000 person). The odds of detecting EC were lowest in November; in 2015 the odds were 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.79; p=0.001) times lower and in 2016, they were 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.68; p<0.001) times lower compared to January. The predicted detection rates showed a decreasing trend toward the end of the year (p>0.05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The workload of endoscopists increased excessively with the rising number of endoscopies toward the end of the year, which was reflected by the decreased EC detection rates during this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":12885,"journal":{"name":"Gut and Liver","volume":" ","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}