Gynecological Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Unmet needs in abnormal uterine bleeding due to ovulatory dysfunction.","authors":"Tommaso Simoncini, Hisham Arab, Nataliia Pedachenko, Qinjie Tian, Fernando Pineda, Balamba Puranam, Rubina Sohail, Maria Celeste Osorio Wender","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2362244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2024.2362244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovulatory disorders are a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics currently offers a causal classification system for ovulatory disorders but does not provide clear management recommendations. There remains regional disparity in treatment practices, often influenced by institutional and insurance regulations as well as cultural and religious practices. A panel of experts evaluated current gaps in ovulatory disorder management guidelines and discussed potential strategies for addressing these unmet needs. Key gaps included a lack in consensus about the effectiveness of combined estrogen and progestogen versus progestogen alone, a paucity of evidence regarding the relative effectiveness of distinct hormonal molecules, a lack of data regarding optimal treatment duration, and limited guidance on optimal sequencing of treatment. Recommendations included development of a sequential treatment-line approach and development of a clinical guide addressing treatment scenarios common to all countries, which can then be adapted to local practices. It was also agreed that current guidelines do not address the unique clinical challenges of certain patient groups. The panel discussed how the complexity and variety of patient groups made the development of one single disease management algorithm unlikely; however, a simplified, decision-point hierarchy could potentially help direct therapeutic choices. Overall, the panel highlighted that greater advocacy for a tailored approach to the treatment of ovulatory disorders, including wider consideration of non-estrogen therapies, could help to improve care for people living with abnormal uterine bleeding due to ovarian dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2362244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Femoston and Dydrogesterone therapy for incomplete abortion: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Xueyao Huang, Bingchen Gong, Yingying Cai, Wenrong Wang, Jian An","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2434126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2024.2434126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare the efficacies of Femoston and Dydrogesterone therapy in patients with incomplete abortions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with incomplete abortions were included if they preferred medication over surgical intervention. The participants were categorized into three groups: the Femoston group received Femoston, the Dydrogesterone group was administered Dydrogesterone, and the control group was followed up without treatment. Basic clinical information, complete abortion success rate, and menstrual recovery rate were collected to evaluate the efficacy of Femoston and Dydrogesterone in patients with incomplete abortions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 332 patients with incomplete abortions. The success rate of complete abortion was significantly higher in the Femoston group than in the control group (relative risk (RR)=1.708, 95% CI 1.304-2.237, <i>p</i> = .001) and the Dydrogesterone group (RR = 1.200, 95% CI 1.015-1.418, <i>p</i> = .023). The effectiveness of Dydrogesterone was also significantly higher than that in the control group (RR = 1.439, 95% CI 1.068-1.938, <i>p</i> = .015). After 60 days, the rate of menstrual recovery in the Femoston group was significantly higher than that in the control group (RR =1.322, 95% CI 1.103-1.609, <i>p</i> = .001), while the rate in the Dydrogesterone group was significantly lower than that in the Femoston group (RR =1.200, 95% CI 1.035-1.391, <i>p</i> = .009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Femoston and Dydrogesterone were effective in treating incomplete abortions, with Femoston being more effective. Patients receiving Femoston had shorter menstrual recovery times than those receiving dydrogesterone. Therefore, Femoston and Dydrogesterone are potential treatment options for incomplete abortion, with Femoston being the more effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2434126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmenopausal endometriosis.","authors":"Tevfik Yoldemir","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2441299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2024.2441299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2441299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and uterine bleeding patterns in initiating goserelin therapy during different menstrual phases in patients with adenomyosis: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ying Lin, Hao Sun, Yuan Ming, Xinyu Wang, Xue Jiao, Zangyu Pan, Qianhui Ren, Shumin Yan, Dong Li, Guoyun Wang","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2409918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2409918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We carried out this study to explore the possibility of initiating goserelin therapy during the non-menstrual period in patients diagnosed with adenomyosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>115 premenopausal adenomyosis patients were enrolled and divided into three groups based on their menstrual cycle phase during the initial outpatient visit: menstrual, follicular, and luteal. Each received a 3.6 mg subcutaneous dose of goserelin monthly for three months. The endpoints encompassed alterations in uterine volume, dysmenorrhea Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score, CA125 level, hemoglobin (HGB) after a 12-week treatment course, and the occurrence and duration of uterine hemorrhage during the first treatment cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed that the timing of goserelin therapy initiation in the menstrual cycle did not significantly impact its effectiveness in reducing uterine size, alleviating pain, lowering CA125 levels, or improving hemoglobin concentrations. However, patients starting treatment during the luteal phase experienced increased uterine bleeding (reference: menstrual period, OR = 4.33, 95% CI 1.23-15.25, <i>p</i> = .023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggested non-inferiority of goserelin therapy initiated during the non-menstrual period, but the uterine bleeding rate was higher in the luteal phase group. Therefore, goserelin treatment for outpatient adenomyosis patients should not be limited to starting during the menstrual period; it can also be initiated outside the menstrual period, providing more convenience for patients as most consultations occur outside the menstrual period. However, the use of goserelin during the luteal phase should be avoided to reduce the risk of exacerbated bleeding, especially in anemic patients with heavy menstrual bleeding. This study highlights the importance of individualizing treatment initiation based on the patient's health profile to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ChiCTR2200059548.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2409918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is combined letrozole and clomiphene superior to either as monotherapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis based on clinical trials.","authors":"Anusha Ashkar, Bismeen Jadoon, Mirza Mehmood Ali Baig, Shayan A Irfan, Mona El-Gayar, Fatima Zulfiqar Siddiqui","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2405114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2405114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research was conducted to assess the therapeutic advantage of combined letrozole and clomiphene citrate versus monotherapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Five databases were searched using the search string: (letrozole and clomiphene) AND (clomiphene OR clomiphene citrate OR CC) AND (letrozole OR LE) AND (ovulation induc* OR fertility induc* OR fertility preserv*) AND (polycystic ovarian syndrome OR PCOS). All statistical analyses were conducted in Review Manager 5.4.1. Random effect-effect model was used to pool risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), and odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Moreover, qualitative analysis was conducted to qualitatively analyze ovulation, secondary outcomes, and cycle characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One clinical trial and three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were used in the study. Two studies were used in a quantitative analysis showing that combination was superior for ovulation induction (RR = 1.86 [1.37, 2.53]; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>I</i>² = 0%), but the number of follicles ≥15 mm was significantly associated with the combination (MD = 0.40[0.14, 0.66]; <i>p</i> = 0.002; <i>I</i>² = 0%). On subgroup analysis, only hot flushes were significantly associated with the combination (RR = 2.67[1.12, 6.36]; <i>p</i> = 0.03; <i>I</i>² = 0%). The meta-analysis of two studies reported a significantly higher ovulation rate and number of dominant follicles in the combination therapy group compared with the LE alone arm but no significant difference in pregnancy rate, endometrial thickness, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates a significant effect of the combination on ovulation induction. The combination yielded a better chance of conception and viable pregnancy. Further studies are needed to determine the live birth rate. HighlightsCombined Letrozole and Clomiphene is superior to either of these drugs alone for ovulation induction in PCOS.Our results conclude that the combination results in better ovulation, cycle characteristics, and secondary changes.Only the incidence of hot flushes as an adverse effect is increasingly reported in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2405114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142284449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of vitamin D-calcium on metabolic profile for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Jin Wang, Qiong Chen, Shaomin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2409139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2409139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of vitamin D-calcium supplementation for treating gestational diabetes remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D-calcium supplementation in the treatment of gestational diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systemically searched from inception to August 2023, and we included the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of vitamin D-calcium supplementation on the metabolic profile of gestational diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included five eligible RCTs and 306 pregnant women in this meta-analysis. Compared with control group in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, vitamin D-calcium supplementation was associated with remarkably decreased fasting plasma glucose (SMD=-0.67; 95% CI=-0.93 to -0.41; <i>p</i> <0.00001), serum insulin (SMD=-1.09; 95% CI=-1.89 to -0.29; <i>p</i> = .007) and LDL (SMD=-0.35; 95% CI=-0.63 to -0.06; <i>p</i> = .02), but demonstrated no impact on total cholesterol (SMD=-0.05; 95% CI=-0.81 to 0.71; <i>p</i> = .90) or triglycerides (SMD=-0.14; 95% CI=-0.86 to 0.58; <i>p</i> = .70).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vitamin D-calcium supplementation is effective to improve metabolic profile for the treatment of gestational diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2409139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there any association between vitamin D status and PCOS disease?","authors":"Dounia Zerrouki, Imane Rami, Imane Assarrar, Nisrine Bouichrat, Siham Rouf, Hanane Latrech","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2381501","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2381501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. The current study sought to assess vitamin D status in women with PCOS compared to the control group and to describe the association between vitamin D deficiency and the features of PCOS.</p><p><strong>Material and methodology: </strong>A descriptive retrospective study about 176 women of reproductive age was conducted. The sample was divided into two groups: individuals with PCOS (82 women) and healthy individuals without PCOS (94 women). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum concentration less than 10 ng/ml. We used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, vitamin D deficiency was observed in 40.2% PCOS patients and 24% controls. The 25(OH)D level was lower in PCOS women and the incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were significantly higher in comparison with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, PCOS women with insulin resistance or obesity had lower 25(OH)D levels in comparison with PCOS individuals without IR or obesity. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)/body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D status.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency could be one of the etiological mechanisms of PCOS. In fact, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in PCOS women is evident, principally in those with obesity or IR. Also, the serum 25(OH)D level was correlated with parameters of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is proposed that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for the management of PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2381501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of estrogen exposure on pregnancy outcomes in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.","authors":"Chaofeng Wei, Haicui Wu, Yi Yu, Yuan Li, Shan Xiang, Fang Lian","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2352142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2024.2352142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contemporary times, the employment of vitrification freezing technology has led to the widespread adoption of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) worldwide. Meanwhile, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a crucial protocol for priming the endometrium during FET cycles. Estrogen is required in HRT cycles for the induction of progesterone receptors and to promote endometrial thickness. However, there is no universal consensus on the treatment duration, dosage regimen, administration route, and target serum estrogen levels. Therefore, this study aimed to offer a comprehensive review of these topics. A shorter duration of estrogen exposure may elevate the risk of early miscarriage, while prolonged exposure to estrogen does not seem to confer advantages to general population and may be attempted in individuals with thin endometrium. Moreover, excessive estrogen levels on the day of progesterone administration may be associated with higher miscarriage rates and lower live birth rates (LBR). To offer more comprehensive guidance for clinical practice, extensive and prospective studies involving a large sample size are warranted to determine the optimal concentration and duration of estrogen exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2352142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributing factors for pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS after their first FET treatment: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Xi Chen, Ling Hong, Meilan Mo, Shan Xiao, Tailang Yin, Su Liu","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2314607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2314607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aim to explore the contributing factors of clinical pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing their first FET treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 PCOS patients undergoing their first FET treatment at a private fertility center from January 2018 to December 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the first FET cycle of PCOS patients, progesterone levels (aOR 0.109, 95% CI 0.018-0.670) and endometrial thickness (EMT) (aOR 1.126, 95% CI 1.043-1.419) on the hCG trigger day were associated with the clinical pregnancy rate. Similarly, progesterone levels (aOR 0.055, 95% CI 0.007-0.420) and EMT (aOR 1.179, 95% CI 1.011-1.376) on the hCG trigger day were associated with the live birth rate. In addition, AFC (aOR 1.179, 95% CI 1.011-1.376) was found to be a risk factor for preterm delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In women with PCOS undergoing their first FET, lower progesterone levels and higher EMT on hCG trigger day were associated with clinical pregnancy and live birth, and AFC was a risk factor for preterm delivery. During FET treatment, paying attention to the patient's endocrine indicators and follicle status may have a positive effect on predicting and improving the pregnancy outcome of PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2314607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bushen Huoxue Recipe inhibits endometrial epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the transforming growth factor-β/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway to improve polycystic ovary syndrome-mediated infertility.","authors":"Hanxue Wu, Peijuan Wu, Ying Zhu, Junjie Li, Haiyan Chen, Hongqiu Zhu","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2325000","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2024.2325000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the target and mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue Recipe (BSHX) for the treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), to provide a basis for the development and clinical application of herbal compounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prediction and validation of active ingredients and targets of BSHX for the treatment of PCOS by using network pharmacology-molecular docking technology. In an animal experiment, the rats were randomly divided into four groups (control group, model group, BSHX group, metformin group, <i>n</i> = 16 in each group), and letrozole combined with high-fat emulsion gavage was used to establish a PCOS rat model. Body weight, vaginal smears, and number of embryos were recorded for each group of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of ovarian and endometrial tissues, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum inflammatory factor levels. Expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Vimentin, and E-cadherin proteins were measured by western blot (WB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety active pharmaceutical ingredients were obtained from BSHX, involving 201 protein targets, of which 160 were potential therapeutic targets. The active ingredients of BSHX exhibited lower binding energy with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TGF-β, TAK1, and NF-κB protein receptors (< -5.0 kcal/mol). BSHX significantly reduced serum TNF-α levels in PCOS rats (<i>p</i> < .01), effectively regulated the estrous cycle, restored the pathological changes in the ovary and endometrium, improved the pregnancy rate, and increased the number of embryos. The results of WB suggested that BSHX can down-regulate protein expression levels of TGF-β and NF-κB in endometrial tissue (<i>p</i> < .05), promote the expression level of E-cadherin protein (<i>p</i> < .001), intervene in the endometrial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TGF-β, TAK1, NF-κB, and TNF-α are important targets of BSHX for treating infertility in PCOS. BSHX improves the inflammatory state of PCOS, intervenes in the endometrial EMT process through the TGF-β/NF-κB pathway, and restores endometrial pathological changes, further improving the pregnancy outcome in PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"40 1","pages":"2325000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140109772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}