History: facts and symbols最新文献

{"title":"ALCOHOLIC POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE 1920S IN THE PEASANTS' ASSESSMENTS","authors":"I. A. Shevchenko","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-29-37","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the complex dynamics of alcohol consumption in Russia in recent decades, the traditionally high attention of society and the authorities to the issues of sobriety and drunkenness of the population of the country. The article is devoted to the analysis of how the policy of the Soviet government in the sphere of production and distribution of alcoholic beverages was refracted in the consciousness of the largest social group of the 1920s - the peasantry. The study provides assessments by the villagers of the peculiarities of state policy in this direction – the fight against moonshine, the establishment of a state monopoly on the sale of alcohol. Methodologically, the study is based on comparative historical and hermeneutic approaches. Among the sources involved are letters from peasants to authorities at various levels and the editorial offices of periodicals (\"Peasant Newspaper\"), as well as characteristics of the situation in the village from the Soviet state security agencies. The materials are quite subjective. Taken together, the documents make it possible to identify some general trends in the moods of rural inhabitants. For the most part, the peasants were skeptical of both the efforts of the authorities to combat domestic distilling and the establishment of a state wine monopoly. So, the authors of the reviews saw in the new course of drinking policy only the pursuit of fiscal interests by the administration. The article also concludes that there is no direct influence of public opinion on the vector of state alcohol policy, the specific features of which were determined by representatives of the Soviet government in accordance with plans for the implementation of the \"Big Leap\" in the 1930s, which required stable replenishment of the country's budget with monetary funds, including through the sale of state-owned alcoholic beverages to the population.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123451316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNRECOGNIZED ESTATE (ODNODVORTSY OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION IN THE 18th – EARLY 19TH CENTURIES)","authors":"V. V. Nechaev","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-92-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-92-107","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this work is the estate of the odnodvortcy of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia. Based on the analysis of the laws published in the PSZRI and other sources, the author comes to the conclusion that in the first quarter of the 19th century the odnodvortcy represented a stable community, de facto were a special class. However, due to difficult relations with the ruling nobility, who did not want to see odnodvortcy as competitors in the struggle for land, civil service and other privileges, the government stubbornly refused to recognize them as such. Since the time of Peter the Great, proceeding from class interests, through the publication of discriminatory laws with varying intensity, it pushed the odnodvortcy towards the peasantry. In a bureaucratic way, in spite of the natural process of their development, odnodvortcy were formally ranked among the state peasants. Although, remaining service people, they served in the Landmilitia and other troops, had the right to own peasants and land, and retained their way of life. In the end, odnodvortcy in the era of the Great Reform of 1860 were included into the strata of rural inhabitants. Since the position of the odnodvortcy of the Central Black Earth Region at different times was not the same, depended on the will of the monarchs, for a better understanding of the problem different periods in their evolution were identified.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130917800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEMORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE INTERNET SPACE OF RUSSIAN SOCIAL NETWORKS","authors":"L. Korobitsyna","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-108-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-108-114","url":null,"abstract":"Being one of the most tragic pages in the history of Russia, World War II left a colossal mark in the memory of the Russian people, combining such conflicting feelings as grief over irreparable losses and the joy of victory. The article is devoted to the most modern forms of preserving the memory of the events of the Great Patriotic War in the modern Russian Internet space. Using statistical data of user activity on the Internet in 2022, the author examines the most popular social networks operating in the Russian Federation and analyzes current trends in the development of modern commemoration practices and ways of forming and preserving collective memory. In particular, the article discusses such Internet platforms as VKontakte and Yandex Zen, where there is significant user activity in maintaining various communities and channels dedicated to the history of the Great Patriotic War, as well as the so-called phenomenon of the mass “flash mob” of Victory Day. The article uses the approaches of the concept of historical memory, which makes it possible to comprehend the trends in the forms and practices of preserving the historical memory of the feat of the Russian people in the space of social networks. The author comes to the conclusion that the growing role and importance of the Internet and social networks in the life of modern society contribute to the fact that in the foreseeable future these resources will become the richest, if not the main, sources of information on the collective historical memory of the Great Patriotic War, as well as space for formation of new commemorative practices.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"418 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114715879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BELARUSIAN WOMEN'S COLLABORATIONISM AS A TOOL OF GERMAN PROPAGANDA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR","authors":"E. Pushkarenko","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-115-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-115-121","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the phenomenon of Belarusian women's collaboration in the context of the problem of German propaganda in the occupied Soviet territory during the Great Patriotic War. The study was conducted on the materials of the General District of Belarus, chronological framework – 1941-1944. The paper analyzes the materials of propaganda for women and the activities of Belarusian women's collaborationist organizations in the territory of the General District of Belarus. The district occupied about a quarter of the pre-war territory of the BSSR and included mainly western and part of the central districts. The object of the study was German propaganda for women and the occupation policy towards women in the territory of the General District of Belarus. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison. The purpose of the work is to analyze the content of German propaganda for women and the activities of Belarusian women's pro-German associations, to determine their goals and effectiveness. The author comes to the conclusion that the long period of German occupation of a number of Soviet territories, in this case the BSSR, caused the appearance of some specific features of the occupation policy. The head of the German civil administration of the district, Wilhelm Kube, made the main bet on propaganda and encouragement of various kinds of nationalist collaborationist organizations that were supposed to carry out systematic ideological influence on the population of the district. In addition, W. Kube initiated the creation of special \"women's\" organizations in the district. A special place among them was occupied by the Association of Belarusian Women and the All-Belarusian Women's Committee. In general, the phenomenon of Belarusian women's collaboration had two components – political and cultural education. The first of them was mainly related to the activities of the \"Union of Belarusian Youth\" (SBM), built on the principle of the German \"Hitler Youth\". The second component of the Belarusian women's collaboration was cultural and educational, which took place in the context of the policy of \"Belarusization\". Art exhibitions, contests, concerts were organized under the sign of the national Belarusian symbols. Well-known Belarusian cultural activists, poetesses Natalia Arsenyeva and Larisa Geniyush, have shown themselves in this area. However, the actualization of the \"women's issue\" in German propaganda, as well as the participation in propaganda actions and campaigns of well-known representatives of Belarusian culture, did not bring the expected results to the occupation authorities. Propaganda contrasted sharply with the realities of the occupation regime. Punitive expeditions against civilians, methods of fighting partisans, the actual genocide of the peoples of Belarus, the looting and destruction of its cultural and historical heritage – all this together devalued the content of German propaganda, made obvious the false imitation natur","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115671709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE GERMAN OCCUPATION REGIME ON THE TERRITORY OF SOVIET UKRAINE AND THE PROBLEM OF COLLABORATION IN THE SUMMER-FALL OF 1941","authors":"A. Orishev, V. N. Tarasenko","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-101-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-101-109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"52 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114126931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPRESSIONS IN THE CENTRAL APPARATUS OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF REPRESSIVE MEASURES IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE USSR (1919–1940).","authors":"O. Karimov, O. V. Pumpyanskaya","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-82-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-82-92","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114695060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAFFING OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR","authors":"M. I. Luzgina","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-93-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-93-100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PUBLIC SERVICES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH AS A DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR","authors":"B. Serazetdinov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-110-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-110-114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121426314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PUBLIC SERVICES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH AS A DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR","authors":"A. Ilyin, V. V. Kanishchev, K. Kunavin","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133534663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PETROGLYPHS OF SIKACHI-ALYAN – MALYSHEVO (LOWER AMUR REGION). THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERPRETATION OF THE SYMBOLIC CONTENT OF THE MYTHOLOGICAL PLOT","authors":"Z. Lapshina","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-115-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-28-3-115-120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117028844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}